Masamba - mtundu wa nsomba za cichlid (kapena cichlid). Dziko lakwawo la scalar: madzi otentha a Amazon, Orinoco ndi mitsinje yawo. Nsombazi zidatchuka osati monga okhala m'mitsinje yaku South America, koma monga okhala m'madzi am'madzi abwino.
Chifukwa cha kusunthika kwa mayendedwe, mawonekedwe enieni ndi kuwala, amatchedwa angelo nsomba. Angelo, kuwonjezera pamiyeso, amatchedwa nsomba zam'madzi za pomacanth. Kusokonezeka pang'ono kumatha kuchitika. Komano, angelo ochulukirapo, zimakhala bwino.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Nsomba zonse za banja la cichlid zimakhala ndi thupi lopanikizika kwambiri kuchokera mbali. Nsomba zamchere, potere, adapitilira abale onse: chikuwoneka chofewa. Mtundu wa nsomba utha kufanizidwa ndi rhombus kapena kachigawo kakang'ono ka mwezi, komwe kutalika kumatalika kutalika. Kutalika kwa thupi sikupitilira 15 cm, kutalika kumafika 25-30 cm.
Mwambiri, mawonekedwe a scalar amakhala kutali ndi malingaliro amtundu wa nsomba. Kumapeto kwa mchira (mchira) ndikofanana ndi kupindika, ngati chinyezimiro. Magetsi oyamba onsewo ndi okhazikika komanso otalika. Zina zonse ndizotanuka ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimachepa. Mapiko a caudal ndi amtundu wopanda lobes.
Zipsepse za m'chiuno zimakhala ndi mazira osakanikirana awiri kapena awiri, otambasulidwa mzere. Ataya ntchito ya ziwalo zawo zosambira ndikusewera ndi balancer. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa masharubu. Kuphatikiza pa maumboni anthawi zonse, nsomba ili ndi mitundu yake.
Misozi yaulere imavala mamba ang'onoang'ono a silvery. Mikwingwirima yakuda yodutsa imakokedwa kumbuyo kowala. Mtundu wawo umatha kukhala wosiyana: kuyambira pachithaphwi mpaka pafupifupi chakuda. Kusiyanitsa, kukhathamiritsa kwa mikwingwirima kumadalira momwe nsomba zimasangalalira.
Mphepo yayikulu yamthupi imanena kuti zotupa zimangokhala m'madzi chete. Kutalika kwazitali, mikwingwirima yopingasa, zipsepse zazitali zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zomera m'malo awo. Pang'onopang'ono, mayendedwe osalala, kuphatikiza mtundu ndi mawonekedwe amthupi, ziyenera kuwapangitsa kuti asawonekere pakati pazinyalala zazitali.
Scalaria ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa. Mphuno yakuthwa ndi kamwa kakang'ono kosakira kamathandiza kuthandizira chakudya kuchokera m'masamba a algae. Ngati ndi kotheka, amatha kusonkhanitsa chakudya pamwamba pa gawo lapansi, koma sadzakumba. M'malo omwe amakhala, amadya nkhanu zazing'ono, mphutsi za nyama zam'madzi, zooplankton, amatha kudya nsomba za caviar zomwe sizikusamaliridwa.
Mitundu
Mtundu wa scalar uli ndi mitundu itatu.
- Scalaria altum. Dzina lodziwika bwino la nsomba iyi ndi "mkulu scalar". Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "altum", pogwiritsa ntchito dzina lachi Latin lachinyamachi.
- Scalaria Leopold. Wasayansi yemwe adabweretsa nsombazi m'gulu lachilengedwe adazipatsa dzina la mfumu yaku Belgian - katswiri wazosangalatsa.
- Scalar wamba. Mitunduyi nthawi zina imatchedwa scalar.
Nsomba zamchere momwe imapangidwira, anali wokonda kukhala m'madzi ambiri. Akatswiri omwe amapanga nsomba zoweta m'madzi am'nyanja adayamba kukonza bwino ndikupanga mitundu yatsopano ya scalar. Mitundu dazeni 3-4 idawoneka yomwe sinalipo mwachilengedwe.
Scalar ya siliva. Ndi ofanana ndi nsomba yamngelo wamtchire. Ali ndi mitundu yofanana, mawonekedwe ofanana ndi kukula kwake komweko. Imeneyi inali mitundu yokhayo yamchere yomwe imapezeka m'madzi am'nyumba.
Mtundu wophimba kapena nsalu yotchinga ya nsomba zamngelo. Chilengedwe ichi ndi wapamwamba kwambiri. Mchira ndi zipsepse zikuwomba ngati chophimba chochepa mumadzi. Maonekedwe awa amabwera m'mitundu yambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti ukhale wofunika kwambiri.
Mitundu yazida zopangidwa mwanzeru zitha kukhala zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza pa siliva, nsomba zamngelo zili ndi mitundu ina "yamtengo wapatali": golide, diamondi, ngale, platinamu. Angelo a marble nsomba amawoneka okongola kwambiri.
Nsomba zokongola kwambiri za buluu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zatsopano zomwe alimi apeza nsomba. Aquarists amamutcha "Blue Angel". Izi scalar pachithunzicho ikuwoneka bwino kwambiri. Mukuwala kowala, chinyengo chimapangidwa kuti nsomba yomwe imawala.
Nsomba zamitundu yambiri zikufunika. Pali mitundu iwiri komanso mitundu itatu. Nsomba zamawangamawanga, zonyezimira ndi zotchuka kwambiri. Yachotsedwa scalar yam'madzi, yomwe imakhala ndi mikwingwirima yambiri mthupi kuposa masiku onse. Amamutcha "mbidzi".
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 40 yam'madzi am'madzi am'madzi okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a morphological. Mwinanso, mndandandawu uzikula mosalekeza: nsomba zam'madzi aku aquarium ndi gawo lachonde lazomwe zimachitika kwa obereketsa komanso akatswiri azamoyo.
Njira yosankhira kutukuka kwadziko ndi kuphatikiza kwa mikhalidwe iliyonse yakhala yofulumira kwambiri. Zimafikira pakukonza mtundu wa nsombazo ndikuphatikiza komwe kumachitika ndi jini la chidwi kwa woweta.
Mwachitsanzo, scalar yabuluu idachokera ku platinamu yomwe idalipo kale. Anapezeka kuti ali ndi jini lomwe limayang'anira mtundu wabuluu. Mitanda yambiri idatsata, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti nsomba yamngelo wabuluu.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Mu 1911, zipsera zoyambirira zidakhazikika m'malo am'madzi aku Europe. Mu 1914, akatswiri am'madzi adaphunzira momwe angapangire ana a nsomba izi. Zomwe zimasunga zikwangwani sizochepera. Kusamalira zikopa zakhala zikuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali. Malangizo othandizira kudyetsa ndi kuswana nsomba za angelo apangidwa.
Choyamba, scalar imafuna malo okhala. Kuchuluka kwa aquarium kumawerengedwa monga chonchi: malita 90 pa nsomba ziwiri zoyambirira, 50 malita wotsatira. Koma, ziwerengero sizimakwaniritsidwa nthawi zonse m'moyo. mwina zomwe zili pamchere m'madzi osakulirapo kwambiri. M'mikhalidwe yopanikizika, nsombazo sizingakule mpaka kukula kukula, koma zidzakhalabe ndi moyo.
Nsomba zam'malo otentha zimafuna madzi ofunda. Kuzizira sikuyenera kuloledwa pansi pa 22 ° C. Mulingo woyenera ndi 24 ° C mpaka 26 ° C. Ndiye kuti, thermometer ndi chotenthetsera ndizofunikira pakunyumba kwa scalar. Nsomba sizitengeka kwambiri ndi acidity. Dera lamadzi ofooka pang'ono lomwe lili ndi pH ya 6 - 7.5 pH ndiyabwino kwenikweni kwa nsomba zamngelo. Kukakamizidwa kukakamizidwa ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri m'madzi am'madzi omwe mumakhala zibangili.
Nthaka ilibe chidwi kwenikweni ndi nsomba zamngelo, chifukwa chake, gawo lapansi wamba limayikidwa pansi pa aquarium: mchenga wolimba kapena miyala. Poterepa, amayang'ana kwambiri zofuna za zomera zam'madzi. Payenera kukhala ochepa a iwo. Chimodzi mwazigawo zazing'ono zam'madzi zam'madzi zimabzalidwa makamaka.
Manyazi ndi nsomba wamba. Mwa nsomba zamngelo, uwu ndiye mikhalidwe yayikulu. Zingwe mu aquarium ndikudzidalira pakati pa ndere. Zomera zoyandama zimapangitsa moyo wamasamba kukhala wodekha ngakhale pang'ono. Sada nkhawa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa kuyatsa kapena kuyenda kunja kwa aquarium.
M'mitsinje ya nsomba, angelo amakhala mumitsinje yodzaza ndi zodzaza. Chifukwa chake, zokopa ndi zinthu zina zazikuluzikulu sizingasokoneze zikwangwani. Amatsagana ndi kuyatsa kwapamwamba komanso mbiri yabwino. Kuphatikiza kwa zinthu izi ndi scalar yosagwedezeka kumabweretsa maziko abata komanso kupumula.
Kuphatikiza pa malo okhala bwino, nsomba zimafunikira chakudya. Ng'ombe zamagazi zachikhalidwe ndi imodzi mwanjira zabwino kwambiri zodyetsera. Amadzi odziwa zambiri samalimbikitsa kudyetsa scalar ndi chubu. Amakhulupirira kuti amayambitsa matenda mu nsomba zamngelo. Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chamoyo, zikopa sizoyipa zowuma, ayisikilimu.
Zakudya zowuma (zofewa) zowuma ndizotchuka. Ichi ndi chomwe chimatchedwa chakudya chowumitsa. Mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zakonzedwa motere zikuphatikizapo: Matenda owuma amaundana, maouma a magazi owundana, spirulina m'matumba, ndi zina zotero.
Chakudya chamoyo, ngakhale pali njira zambiri zowuma komanso zowuma, nthawi zonse chimakonda. Chakudya cholimbikitsa chikuyenera kupitilira 50% ya chakudya chonse cha nsomba. Zipsera sizosankha kwenikweni, koma nthawi zina zimawatengera masiku angapo kuti azolowere chakudya chatsopano.
Mukasunga nsomba, muyenera kukhala ndi chidwi chokhala pasukulu. N'zovuta kusunga zikopa zambiri kunyumba. Gulu la nsomba za angelo 4-6 limatha kuyikidwa munyumba yamadzi yoyenda bwino. Nsombazo zidzagawidwa awiriawiri ndipo zidzakhala m'malo awoawo, omwe alibe malire owonekera.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Mamba ndi nsomba zophatikizidwa. Akakhala okha, iwo (ngati kuli kotheka) amafuna kupeza bwenzi. Atapanga banja, amakhala osagwirizana. Akatswiri amati kuphatikana kumakhala moyo wonse. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti ngati mnzake watayika, nsomba zimakumana ndi nkhawa, zimasiya kudya kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo zimatha kudwala.
Ndizosatheka kupanga mapangidwe awiriwa, kuyambitsa wamwamuna kwa wamkazi, pazifukwa ziwiri. Kukula kwake kulibe kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Ngakhale katswiri atha kulakwitsa posankha nsomba zogonana. Chifukwa chachiwiri ndikuti sizikudziwika bwino zomwe zimakhudza chisoni cha nsombazi, ndi zizindikiritso ziti zomwe amasankha mnzake.
Wolemba m'madzi yemwe atenge ana pamchere, amatulutsa nsomba mu aquarium ndikuwona momwe amapangira nsomba. Koma apa, nalonso, vuto lingachitike. Pakakhala kuchepa kwa amuna kapena akazi, nsomba zomwe zimasiyidwa popanda awiri zimatha kutsanzira machitidwe a amuna kapena akazi anzawo.
Ali ndi zaka chimodzi, zotupa zimakonzeka kuberekana. Poyandikira msinkhu uwu, nsomba imadzipeza yokha. Njira yotsatira siyokwanira popanda kuthandizidwa ndi anthu. Wosungira madzi m'madzi amaika makolo amtsogolo m'madzi amchere. Poyambitsa kubereka, madzi am'madzi am'madzi amakwezedwa mpaka 28 ° C ndipo chakudya chimakulitsidwa.
M'mphepete mwa nyanja momwe mumabzala nsomba, muyenera kukhalapo pazomera zam'madzi zazikuluzikulu. Mkazi amayamba kusenda tsamba - uku ndiko kukonzekera kwa malo oti ayikire mazira. Pamene, malinga ndi mkazi, tsamba ndi loyera mokwanira, limayikidwa scalar caviar... Mwamuna wapafupi amatulutsa zogulitsa zake.
Pakangopita maola ochepa, mkaziyo amabweretsa mazira 300 kapena kuposa. Nthawi zambiri, eni ake amatenga caviar kwa makolo ndikuyiyika mu chidebe china. Chifukwa cha izi ndi chosavuta. Scalarians, makamaka, ndi makolo osamala: amasambitsa mazira ndi madzi, amathamangitsa alendo. Koma nthawi zina nzeru zadyera zimatenga, ndipo palibe chomwe chimatsalira ndi mazira.
Pambuyo masiku awiri, makulitsidwe amatha, mbozi zimawoneka. Kwa kanthawi amadyetsa michere yosungidwa mu yolk sac Pamapeto pake scalar mwachangu sinthani kuti muzisamalira nokha.
Pakatha mwezi umodzi, zidzatheka kuwona nsomba zamngelo zamtsogolo mwachangu. Malowa amatha kutchedwa kuti aquarium centenarians. Akatswiri odziwa zamadzi am'madzi amati nsomba zimatha kukhala zaka 10 kapena kupitilira chisamaliro chokwanira komanso zakudya zosiyanasiyana.
Mtengo
Anthu aku Scalari amakhala kwakanthawi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Anaphunzira kuweta. Amadziwika ndi akatswiri odziwika bwino komanso ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wawo ndiwotsika mtengo. Malire otsika ndi ma ruble 100. Pa ndalamazi, zopereka za mitundu yosiyanasiyana zimaperekedwa. Mtengo wamtengo wapatali Chophimba, cha mtundu uliwonse wovuta, wosowa amatha kufikira ma ruble 500.
Ngakhale
Mng'oma ndi bata, osati nsomba zaukali. Amakhala omasuka kwambiri pafupi ndi abale, zotupa zina. Kuphatikiza pakukonda kucheza, munthu ayenera kuganizira kutsata kwa nsomba kudera lawo. Kugwirizana kwa Scalar - funso silovuta kwambiri.
Chofunikira ndichakuti zolengedwa ziyenera kukhala pafupi ndi zikopa, zomwe ndizoyenera malinga ndi zomwe angelo a nsomba amachita. Izi, choyambirira, madzi ndi oyera komanso ofunda. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba zagolide zimamva bwino m'madzi ozizira, chifukwa chake sizigwirizana ndi zotupa.
Tsoka la scalars ndi moyo wa aquarium yomweyo ndi barbs. Nsombazi ndizomwe zimakhadzula zipsepse za scalar. Kuphatikiza apo, othamanga, othamanga kwambiri okhala m'madzi am'madzi amadzetsa kupsinjika, komwe kumakhudza thanzi lawo, mawonekedwe awo ndi ana awo.
Angelo a Pisces nthawi zonse samachita mogwirizana ndi dzina lawo Amatha kuwonetsa chilengedwe. Ana a viviparous nsomba, guppies, lupanga ndi mollies, atha kudwala nawo. Ngakhale nsombazi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zoyandikana nawo.
Labyrinth - gourami, minga - imatha kusunga kampani ya nsomba m'mngelo m'madzi amodzi. Somiki, yemwe malo ake okhala alibe mphambano yaying'ono ndi malo owotchera zikopa, ndi oyandikana nawo ovomerezeka ndi nsomba zamngelo, ngakhale iwo, pokumba mumchenga, amatha matope kwenikweni m'madzi.
Ma Aquariums okhala ndi zikopa samafuna kusankha kwapadera kwa mbewu. Angelo a Pisces samatsutsana ndi oyandikana nawo obiriwira. Osazikwatula ndikuwononga mizu. M'malo mwake, ndere ndizotetezera zachilengedwe.
Zosangalatsa
Pali nsomba zambiri zamadzi oyera zomwe zimakhala ndi thupi lokwera, koma zipilala ndizo nsomba zokha zokhala ndi kutalika kopitilira kutalika. Maonekedwe, utoto, kusathamanga kwa nsomba zamngelo zimalankhula za njira yopulumukira. Pali lingaliro kuti ndi mawonekedwe ake achilendo scalar imanyenga anzawo. Akuwoneka kuti akuti: "Sindine nsomba." Mtundu wonyezimira wakhalapo kwazaka mamiliyoni ambiri, chifukwa chake njira yopulumutsirayi imagwira ntchito.
Mchere wa Leopold udasungidwa m'madzi kwa zaka 30 asayansi asanauzindikire. Ndi mu 1963 kokha mtundu uwu unaphatikizidwa mu gulu lachilengedwe. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amati si mitundu yonse ya zikopa zomwe zapezeka, kufotokozedwa ndikuphatikizidwa pakupanga kwachilengedwe. Mitsinje ya ku South America ndi njira zazikulu zamadzi. Ndizotheka kuti m'malo amenewa mumapezeka anthu osafufuzidwa, osatinso kansomba kakang'ono.
