Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala walrus
Pokhala nyengo yozizira kwambiri ku Arctic, walrus adakhala dzina lanyumba, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala m'madzi achisanu kupeza chakudya chake. Pofuna kuti zinthu zizikhala motere, nyamayi iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.
Ndipo ali ndi izi: walruses nyama zam'nyanja ndi miyeso yochititsa chidwi - kutalika kwa mwamuna wamkulu kumatha kufikira 5 mita, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala mpaka matani 1.5, pomwe akazi amakhala ocheperako - kutalika mpaka 3 m, ndikulemera kwake ndi 800 - 900 kg.
China chomwe chimagwira mukamayang'ana chithunzi cha walrus wa nyama Kuphatikiza pa kukula kwake, awa ndi mano akuluakulu omwe amatuluka.
Kuchokera pamutu wawung'ono, wogwirizana ndi thupi, zikhomo ziwiri zamphamvu zikuyenda pansi, zomwe zimatha kufika masentimita 80, chinyama chimazifuna osati pongotetezera, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mikangano pakati pa amuna ndi kuwombana, komanso kupeza chakudya kuchokera pansi. Komanso, mothandizidwa nawo, walrus amatha kukwera ayezi.
Mafuta a nyama iyi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 15, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mafuta ochokera kulemera kwathunthu kwa thupi kumafika 25%. Walrus ndi nyama yoyamwa ndi magazi ofunda, choncho akakhala m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, magazi amatuluka pakhungu, ndipo thupi lake limakhala lowala.
Ndiye, mtengowo ukakwera pamwamba, magazi amathanso kubwerera kumtunda kwa khungu, ndipo thupi limapezanso khungu lake lakale lofiirira. Achinyamata ali ndi chophimba chaching'ono chaubweya, chomwe chimasowa akamakula.
Walruses ndi nyama za ku Arctic - amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arctic ndi pazilumba zoyandikana nazo. Anthu awo amakhalanso ku Greenland, pachilumba cha Spitsbergen, ku Red Sea, Iceland.
M'nyengo yotentha, ma walrus ambiri amasonkhana ku Bristol Bay, koma malo abwino kwambiri kwa iwo ali mu Nyanja ya Bothforth ku Alaska, koma popeza ma walrus ndi nyama zosamukira, amathanso kupezeka pagombe lakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Siberia.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa walrus
Nyama ya Walrus mwachibadwa samachita zankhanza, amasonkhana m'magulu a anthu 20-30, ndipo pakangopita nthawi yoswana amuna akulu kwambiri amakhala mgulu, omwe amatenga gawo lalikulu.
Pa ma rookeries, omwe amatha kukonza nyama zakumpoto walruses, anthu zikwi zingapo amasonkhana. Akakhala kutchuthi, zazikazi zimasamalira ana, amuna amathetsa mavuto.
Nyama zomwe zili m'mphepete mwa rookery zimagwira ntchito ya alonda, atawona kuwopseza kulikonse, amadziwitsa anzawo za ngozi yomwe ikubwerayo ndi phokoso lalikulu. Pakumva kulira kwa gulu, gulu lonselo limathamangira m'madzi, ndikuphwanya mwamphamvu, anawo amatha kuvutika, chifukwa chake akazi amawaphimba ndi matupi awo.
Mverani mawu a walrus
Njira imodzi yodyetsera chimbalangondo cha polar ndi nyama walrus, chisindikizo ndi anthu ena akumpoto. Chimbalangondo chimasaka ma walrusi nthawi zina, chifukwa m'madzi sichitha kuthana nacho, ndipo pamtunda, nyama kapena ana ofooka omwe adamwalira atagwa amakhala nyama yawo.
Pachithunzicho pali gulu la walrus
Chimbalangondo sichingakane munthu wamkulu wathanzi; kwa iye pali nyama yosavuta pakati pazisindikizo, zisindikizo. M'madzi, otsutsa okha a walrus ndi anamgumi opha, ndi akulu kuposa walrus ndipo ali ndi mano akuthwa. Kuthawa anamgumi akupha, ma walrus amayenera kupita kumtunda.
Chakudya cha Walrus
Popeza walrus amakhala m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja, kumeneko amadzipezera chakudya, amasambira mpaka kuya mamita 50., Ndipo amatha kudumphira mpaka mamita 80. Zakudya zake zambiri zimakhala ndi nkhono, nkhanu ndi nyongolotsi.
Ndi mano ake akulu, amalima ndevu zake pansi, potero akukweza zipolopolo zam'madzi, kenako ndikuzikoka ndi zipilala zolekanitsa zipolopolozo ndi "kudzazidwa", zidutswazo ndizolemera kwambiri ndikumira pansi.
Kuti akwaniritse, walrus amafunikira makilogalamu 50 a nkhono patsiku, sakonda nsomba, ndipo amathawira kumeneko ngati kulibe chakudya china. Amuna akulu kwambiri amatha kusaka zisindikizo, zisindikizo, narwhals - amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zowopsa ndipo amatha kuwukira anthu. Atalawa nyamayo, walrus adzapitiliza kuyifunafuna, anthu akumpoto amatcha otero - kelyuchas.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kubereka ma walruses a Red Book of Russia sizichitika kawirikawiri, zaka zakutha msinkhu zimachitika zaka 6. Zokwatirana zimachitika kuyambira Epulo mpaka Meyi, pomwe amuna amamenyera akazi.
Mkazi nthawi zambiri amabala mwana mmodzi, osachepera awiri, izi zimatha kuchitika kamodzi zaka zinayi zilizonse. Mimba imakhala mpaka masiku 360, wakhanda amalemera makilogalamu 30 ndikudya mkaka wa amayi mpaka chaka chimodzi.
Mkazi amateteza anawo mpaka zaka zitatu, mpaka atayamba kukula mano a canine omwe nawonso amatha kupeza chakudya chawo. Ali ndi zaka 2, amatha kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, koma amapitilizabe kumwa mkaka wa amayi ake. Utali wamoyo Nyama zaku Arctic walruses ali ndi zaka 30, pomwe zaka 20 amakula. The pazipita zaka amadziwika - zaka 35.
Chiwerengero cha ma walruse onse padziko lapansi ndi 250 zikwi zokha, ndipo mitundu ya Laptenev, yolembedwa mu Red Book, ili ndi anthu 20,000 okha. Izi zidatheka chifukwa cha kusaka kwamalonda.
Iwo anali makamaka amasakidwa ndi mano awo, omwe zida zamanja ndi zojambulajambula zimapangidwa. Anthu amderali amagwiritsa ntchito zikopa ndi nyama. Pakadali pano, kusaka malonda ndi usodzi wamalonda ndizoletsedwa padziko lonse lapansi, okhawo achikale omwe ndiomwe amaloledwa.
Pachithunzicho walrus wokhala ndi mwana
Izi zimaphatikizapo Chukchi, Eskimos, ndi zina zambiri, amadya nyama ya walrus, amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta kuyatsa, mano a ntchito zamanja monga gawo la zikhalidwe. Kusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse kwathandizanso kuchuluka kwa walrus, chifukwa cha kutentha, makulidwe a ayezi wapaketi, pomwe ma walrus akhazikitsa malo awo ogulitsa, atsika.
Madzi oundana amadzaza ndi madzi oundana omwe adutsa zaka ziwiri kuzizira. Chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa madzi oundanawa, mtunda wapakati pa "malo opumulirako" ndi malo owetera wakula, chifukwa chake anawo amayenera kudikirira amayi awo, zomwe zimachepetsa ntchito yawo yobereka.
Izi zikutsimikiziridwa - pagombe pafupi ndi San Francisco, zotsalira za walrus zidapezeka, zaka zawo pafupifupi zaka 30,000, izi zikuwonetsa kuti adagawidwa kale kumwera.
