Kalelo, amalinyero oyenda kumayiko otentha amatha kumvetsetsa popanda zida kuti afika kumadera otentha. Zinali zokwanira kuwona mbalame ikuuluka bwino mlengalenga, yomwe inkatchedwa "chiwombankhanga" kapena "mwana wa dzuwa". Zimadziwika kuti nthenga iyi - chizindikiro cha lamba wotentha.
Iye anali frigate, mbalame yam'nyanja yomwe imatha kuyenda mlengalenga mosavuta ngati sitima yapamadzi yomweyi yomwe ili ndi dzina lomwelo kunyanja yayikulu. Frigates ndi mbalame zomwe zasankhidwa kukhala banja losiyana ndi dzina lawo. Amakhala pafupi ndi madzi kumayiko otentha. M'madera otentha, ndizotheka kukumana nazo munthawi yapadera.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Ma frig ali ndi thupi lowonda pang'ono, khosi lamphamvu, mutu wawung'ono ndi mlomo wopingasa, wopindika kumapeto. Mapikowo ndi atali kwambiri ndipo amaloza mwamphamvu, mchira ndiwotalikiranso, wokhala ndi magalasi akuya kwambiri.
Nthenga za mbalame zazikulu zimakhala ndi malasha obiriwira; kumbuyo, pachifuwa, kumutu ndi mbali, nthenga zake zimakhala ndi chitsulo chosungunuka, nthawi zina chimanyezimira modabwitsa ndimayendedwe amtambo, wobiriwira kapena wofiirira. Amuna ali ndi matumba ofiira achikopa ofikira mpaka 25 cm m'mimba mwake. Akazi ali ndi pakhosi loyera.
Mbalame za nthenga za nthenga zoterezi zimawerengedwa ndi ambiri ngati mbalame zam'nyanja zothamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimatha kupitilira kameza kapena mbalame. Pamtunda, amasuntha movutikira chifukwa cha miyendo yawo yayifupi yochepa. Pachifukwa ichi, samakhala pansi.
Frigates nawonso sangathe kuchoka pansi, mapiko awo sanasinthidwe kuti achite izi. Amangobzala pamitengo. Ndipo kuchokera pamenepo, mbalamezo, nthawi yomweyo zimatsegula mapiko awo, ndikugwera m'manja mwa mtsinjewo. Atakhala m'mitengo, amagwiritsa ntchito mapiko awo ndi mchira wawo moyenera.
Frigate pachithunzichi imawoneka yosangalatsa kwambiri paulendo wapaulendo. Zimayandama bwino kwambiri kudutsa mumlengalenga, ngati nyanja yopanda malire. Ngakhale ojambula ena ochita bwino adalanda mbalameyi nthawi yamasewera. Thumba lofiira lachilendo pammero wamwamuna limafufuma kwambiri, ndipo zithunzi zosangalatsa zimapezekanso.
Mitundu
Musanapite kunkhani yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafriji, tiyeni tipange ma Arias wamba. Mbalame zonse zotchedwa dzina ili ndi mapiko aatali, mchira wa mphanda ndi mlomo wopindika. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pawo ndi kokhudza malo ndi kukula.
Mtundu wa frigate umaphatikizapo mitundu isanu.
1. Frigate yayikulu (Fregata minor), adakhazikika kuzilumba za Pacific, Atlantic ndi Indian m'dera lotentha. Ndi yayikulu, kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala 85 cm mpaka 105 cm, mapiko ake ndi pafupifupi 2.1-2.3 m.Idzaza m'madera akulu, kunja kwa nyengo yoswana imayesetsa kuti isakhale patali.
Imatha kuwuluka masiku angapo isanafike. Ili ndi ma subspecies 5, omwe amagawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana m'nyanja zonse zam'malo otentha: Western Indian, Central-Eastern Indian, West-Central Pacific, Eastern Pacific, South Atlantic.
2. Zokongola frigate (Fregata magnificens), mpaka 1,1 m kutalika, ndi mapiko a 2.3 m. Nthawi yomweyo, sikulemera kuposa bakha, pafupifupi 1.5 kg. Nthenga zamtundu wa anthracite, akazi amakhala ndi malo otalika pamimba. Achinyamata ali ndi nthenga zowala pamutu ndi pamimba, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kumakhala kofiirira-wakuda ndi zikwapu za beige.
Amuna amphongo amakhala ofiira kwambiri. Anakhazikika ku Central ndi South America kunyanja ya Pacific, mpaka ku Ecuador, boma lomwe sitampu yake ili ndi chithunzi cha nthenga iyi.
3. Frigate yakukwera (Fregata aquilla) kapena frigate ya mphungu. Dzina lake linachokera ku chilumba cha Ascension, komwe adakhala mpaka zaka za zana la 19. Komabe, amphaka ndi makoswe adamuthamangitsa kumeneko kupita komwe amakhala - Chilumba cha Boatswain. Awa ndi gawo lakumwera kwa Nyanja ya Atlantic. Kutalika kwake kumafika 0,9 m.
Mapikowo amafikira kutalika kwa 2.2 mita. Mtunduwo ndi wakuda, oimira amunawo ali ndi khungu lobiriwira pamutu pawo. Thymus sac ofiira yofiira, imafufuma panthawi yopanga bwenzi. Ndipo imeneyo ili ndi nthenga zakuda bii, chifuwa chofiira, komanso kolala pakhosi. Pakadali pano ili ndi anthu pafupifupi 12,000.
4. Khrisimasi ya Khrisimasi (Fregata andrewsi). Amakhala malo amodzi - pachilumba cha Christmas ku Indian Ocean. Kukula kwake kuchokera 1 mita, nthenga zakuda zonyezimira zofiirira. Mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi wautali, woyamba ali ndi matelemedwe pang'ono, potalikirana amafikira 2.3-2.5 m, ndipo mchira umawonekera bwino. Amalemera pafupifupi 1.5 kg. Amunawa amakhala ndi malo oyera pamimba, thumba lomwe lili pakhosi ndi lofiira. Tsopano kulibe zoposa 7200 za iwo mwachilengedwe. Kuphatikizidwa ndi Mndandanda wa Nyama Zotsogola.
5. Frigate Ariel (Fregata ariel). Mwina ndi ochepera mwa oyimira pamwambapa. Kutalika kwa thupi 0,7-0.8 m, mapiko ake amafikira mpaka masentimita 193. Mbalame yayikulu imalemera pafupifupi 750-950 g, akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Mtunduwo ndi makala okhaokha, koma nthawi zina amawala ndi mithunzi ya m'nyanja - turquoise, buluu ndi wobiriwira, nthawi zina burgundy.
Ili ndi mitundu itatu, yomwe imasiyana pang'ono kukula kwake kwa mapiko ndi kutalika kwa milomo: Indian kumadzulo, Trinidadian ndipo chachitatu, amakhala pazilumba zapakati ndi kum'mawa kwa Indian Ocean, komanso pazilumba zapakati komanso kumadzulo kwa Pacific Ocean. Izi mbalame ya frigate nthawi zina zimatha kusangalatsa ngakhale nzika za Far East ndi mawonekedwe ake osowa.
Achibale a mbalame yathu ndi monga mapiko ndi nkhanu. Kuphatikiza pa zizindikiritso zakunja zakufanana ndikulumikizana ndi madzi, amapezeka mumtundu womwewo wa mbalame zam'nyanja zam'madzi.
1. Pelicans ndiofala kwambiri, amatha kufikira madera otentha. Ku Russia pali mitundu iwiri - pinki komanso mapiko okhwima. Alinso ndi thumba lachikopa pakhosi, koma limangogonjetsedwa, ndipo amaligwiritsa ntchito kugwira nsomba.
2. Cormorants ndi mbalame zam'nyanja zam'madzi. Iwo ali pafupi kukula kwa tsekwe kapena bakha. Nthengayo ndi yakuda ndi mthunzi wobiriwira wam'nyanja, ina imakongoletsedwa ndi mawanga oyera pamutu ndi pamimba. Adziwa bwino madera akumwera ndi kumpoto kwa nyanja, kuphatikiza madera akumadzulo, komanso madambo, mitsinje ndi nyanja. Mlomo kumapeto kwake ulinso ndi mbedza. Pali mitundu 6 ku Russia: yayikulu, Japan, crested, Bering, nkhope zofiira ndi zazing'ono.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Frigate mbalame amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zisumbu zomwe zili m'malo otentha. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kuwona ku Polynesia, komanso kuzilumba za Seychelles ndi Galapagos, mdera lomwe lili kumadera otentha. Nyanja zonse zapadziko lapansi, zomwe zimakhala ndi madera otentha, zimatha kudzitama kuti zateteza mbalamezi pazilumba zawo zambiri.
Okhazikika kwambiri mlengalenga, amathera nthawi yawo yambiri akuwuluka panyanja. Satha kusambira, nthenga nthawi yomweyo zimayamwa madzi ndikuzikokera pansi. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma frigates ali ndi vuto lotukuka kwambiri la coccygeal, lomwe limapangidwa kuti lipatse nthenga zopanda madzi, monga mbalame zambiri zam'madzi. Chifukwa chake, amakongoletsa luso lawo louluka posaka nsomba.
Mbalame zam nthenga zimatha kuuluka m'mlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha mapiko awo. Safunikanso kuti aziweyulira, amangokhalira "kupachika" mumtsinje. Zoyenda mlengalenga izi zimasinthasintha komanso zokongoletsa, zimathamangitsana, kusewera ndikukhala moyo wathunthu kumeneko.
Atatsikira kumtunda kowuma, ali ngati opanda thandizo. Ngati agwera m'munda wamasomphenya a mdani wowopsa, sadzathawa pansi. Waufupi kwambiri, miyendo yofooka komanso nsanamira yayitali kwambiri - mapiko ndi mchira.
Ngakhale amalephera kufika pansi, mbalamezi sizimakumana ndi zovuta kugwira nyama zawo, ndi osaka mwaluso komanso aluso. Komabe, samazengereza kukhumudwitsa mbalame zina zam'madzi, kuwalanda nyama zawo. Nthawi zambiri ma frigges amabanso zinthu zokomera nyumba zawo kuchokera ku zisa za anthu ena.
Nthawi zambiri zimakhalira m'midzi, zomwe amakonza pafupi ndi malo obisalirako ana kapena mbalame zina. Malo oterewa samangochitika mwangozi, koma ndi nzeru zobisika. M'tsogolomu, adzatenga chakudya kwa iwo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m zisa nthawi yokwatirana ndi kusakaniza anapiye. Nthawi yotsala yomwe amayesa kugwiritsa ntchito kunyanja.
Zakudya zabwino
Mbalame yam'madzi ya Frigate, chifukwa chake imadyetsa makamaka nsomba. Nthawi yomweyo, monga chilombo chilichonse, sichingakane kugwira, nthawi zina, nyama yaying'ono kwambiri, nkhono kapena nsomba. Mbalamezi zimathanso kukoka kachilombo kakang'ono m'madzi popanda kutera pamtunda. Amayang'ana ma dolphin ndi nsomba zolusa mlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali akamathamangitsa nsomba zouluka. Akangotuluka m'madzi, ma frig amawapeza pa ntchentche.
Mlenjeyo akhoza kugwetsa nyama yomwe wagwidwa mobwerezabwereza, koma nthawi zonse amaigwiranso isanakhudze madzi. Izi zimachitika kuti agwire mwanzeru wovutikayo. Kotero, pa nthawi ya kusaka, iye amachita zovuta zogwirizanitsa, monga wojambula weniweni wa circus.
Pamtunda, amamenya akamba ang'onoang'ono omwe asweka posachedwa. Komabe, phwando lotere samachitika kawirikawiri. Chifukwa chake, mbalame zanzeru zimadziwa ntchito ya "achifwamba". Amagwira mbalame zina zomwe zikubwerera kuchokera kokasaka bwino ndikuziwukira.
Amayamba kuwamenya ndi mapiko awo, kuwakwapula ndi milomo mpaka omwe mwatsoka amasula nyama yawo kapena masanzi. Achifwamba amatha ngakhale kutenga chakudya ichi ntchentche. Amagwira mbalame zazikulu m'magulu onse.
Amatha kuba ndikudya mwana wankhuku pachisa cha mbalame yachilendo, nthawi yomweyo kuwononga chisa ichi. Mwanjira ina, amachita ngati "achifwamba". Kuphatikiza apo, amanyamula kunyanja osati ma molluscs ang'onoang'ono, nsomba zam'madzi kapena nkhanu, komanso zidutswa zakugwa.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Ma frig mbalame amakhala okhaokha, sankhani bwenzi limodzi moyo wanu wonse. Pa nthawi yoswana ndi makulitsidwe, samakhala mchigawo chawo chamlengalenga, chifukwa chake amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Pozindikira izi, zimakhazikika m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena zisumbu, momwe mulibe zolusa.
Oyamba kuwuluka kupita kumalo osankhako ndi amuna omwe amafunsira, amakhala pamitengo ndikuyamba kukometsa matumba awo a thymus, ndikupanga phokoso lakumero lomwe limakopa chachikazi. Chikwama chachikopa chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri kotero kuti woperekayo amayenera kukweza mutu wake. Ndipo abwenzi amtsogolo amawuluka pamwamba pawo ndikusankha awiri kuchokera pamwamba.
Izi zitha kutenga masiku angapo. Potsirizira pake, akazi amasankha wokwatirana ndi thumba lalikulu kwambiri pakhosi. Ndi chinthu ichi chomwe chimagwira ngati chinthu cholimbitsa mgwirizano waukwati. Yemwe chikwama cha mphepo chachimuna chimatsutsana naye ndiye amene adzasankhidwe. M'malo mwake, amakonza chisankho chothandizana naye poyenda modekha. Zitachitika izi zimakonza malo oti adzamwetsedwe anapiye mtsogolo.
Chisa chimamangidwa panthambi zamitengo pafupi ndi madzi. Amatha kusankha zitsamba kapena kukwera pansi pa chisa, koma kangapo. Malo amtsogolo oikira mazira amafanana ndi mtundu wina wa nsanja, wamangidwa kuchokera ku nthambi, nthambi, masamba ndi zinthu zina zazomera. Nthawi zambiri dzira limodzi pa clutch, ngakhale pali zowonera kuti mitundu ina yamafriji amaikira mazira atatu.
Makolo amaswa ana mosinthana, amasintha pakadutsa masiku 3, 6 kapena kupitilira apo. Anapiye amaswa wamaliseche pakatha milungu isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi iwiri. Amakwiya ndi m'modzi wa makolowo. Pambuyo pake amakhala oyera. Amapeza nthenga zokwanira pakatha miyezi isanu.
Makolo amadyetsa ana nthawi yayitali. Ngakhale anapiyewo atakula ndikuyamba kuwuluka pawokha, mbalame zazikulu zimapitirizabe kuzidyetsa. Amakula pakatha zaka 5-7. Kumtchire, mbalame ya frigate imatha kukhala zaka 25-29.
Zosangalatsa
- N'kutheka kuti mbalameyi inkatchedwa frigate chifukwa cha kutchuka kochititsa chidwi kwa sitimayo. Ma frig ndi zombo zankhondo, ndipo m'maiko aku Mediterranean, olanda ndege zankhondo nthawi zambiri amayenda pamafriji, akumenya zombo za anthu ena kuti apeze phindu. Monga wathu "air pirate". Ngakhale zimawoneka kuti sitima zapamadzi zimakhala ndi mtundu wina wopambana - zimatha kuyenda panyanja nthawi yayitali osalowera. Sanasungidwe munthawi yamtendere, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira ndi kuyenda panyanja. Kukhala kwakanthawi m'nyanjaku ndikofunikira kwa mbalame yathu yabwino.
- Masiku ano, anthu a ku Polynesia amagwiritsabe ntchito zikwapu ngati nkhunda zonyamulira potumiza mauthenga. Kuphatikiza apo, sizovuta kuthana nawo, ngakhale atakhala opanda nzeru pang'ono. Kudyetsa nsomba ndikofunikira. Amukonzekera zambiri.
- Ma frig amawona bwino. Kuchokera kutalika, amawona nsomba zazing'ono kwambiri, jellyfish kapena crustacean, yomwe idakwera pamwamba mosazindikira, ndikutsika.
- Mbalame za Frigate zimakhudza modabwitsa mitundu yowala. Panali zochitika zina atakumana ndi mbendera zokongola za pennant pazombo zochokera pandege zonse, zikuwoneka kuti zimawatengera ngati nyama.
- Pachilumba cha Noiru ku Oceania, anthu ammudzi amagwiritsa ntchito ma frig ngati "ndodo zamoyo." Mbalamezi zimagwira nsomba, kubwera nazo kumtunda ndikuzitaya kwa anthu.
