Ufumu wapansi pamadzi ndiwosiyanasiyana komanso wofufuza pang'ono padziko lapansi. Nzika zake ndizodabwitsa kwambiri kotero kuti mungaganize kuti sizichokera padziko lathuli.. Amatha kukhala okongola komanso onyansa.
Cholengedwa chachilendo, chosawoneka bwino chimaganiziridwa nsomba kugwetsa - nsomba zam'nyanja zama psychrolute, okhala mozama, pafupi ndi pansi pa nyanja. Cholengedwa ichi chimadziwika kuti ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zachilendo kwambiri zam'madzi Padziko Lapansi. Ndipo chaka chilichonse amayamba kukumana ndi asodzi muukonde.
Nthawi zina mumatha kumva mayina ena a nsomba iyi - psychrolute goby kapena goby waku Australia. Amatchedwa chifukwa chokhala ndi malo ochepa m'chigawo cha Australia, komanso chifukwa cha ubale ndi nsomba za goby.
Sizikudziwika kuti akhala nthawi yayitali bwanji padziko lapansi. Anayamba kulankhula za iye mu 1926, pomwe asodzi aku Australia adakoka chozizwitsa ichi kunyanja pagombe la Tasmania. Komabe, ndinali ndi mwayi womudziwa bwino pokhapokha pakati pa zaka za m'ma 2000.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Dontho la nsomba palokha ndi gawo limodzi lalikulu. Amatchulidwa choncho chifukwa thupi limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a dontho lalikulu. Imayamba ndi mutu waukulu, kenako pang'onopang'ono imakhala yowonda, ndipo pafupi ndi mchira zimazimiririka. Kunja sikungasokonezedwe ndi wina aliyense.
Choyamba, ali ndi khungu lopanda kanthu. Sakuvundikiridwa mamba, ndipo ichi ndiye chachilendo koyamba m'mawonekedwe ake. Mukayang'ana mbali, imawonekabe ngati nsomba. Ali ndi mchira, ngakhale waung'ono. Ndicho, amayendetsa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake. Zipsepse zam'mbali zokha ndizomwe zimapezeka, ndipo ngakhale zomwe sizinakule bwino. Zipsepse zotsalazo sizimawonedwa.
Kukula kwa nsomba zomwe tidatha kuwunika zinali kuyambira masentimita 30 mpaka 70. Kulemera kwake kunali kuyambira 10 mpaka 12 kg. Mitunduyi imakhala yapinki mpaka imvi. Sizikudziwika zomwe zimachitika pakukula ndi utoto pansi penipeni pa nyanja. Koma nsomba zomwe zinagwidwa pa kanema zinali zofiirira kapena zofiirira.
Kubisa kwakukulu, kofanana ndi mchenga wapansi. Pali zonena kuti achinyamata amakhala opepuka pang'ono. Pathupi pali timphukira tating'ono tomwe timawoneka ngati minga. Ndipo ngati nsomba wamba, palibenso china chonena za izi. Zizindikiro zina ndizosazolowereka.
Kumutembenuza kuti akumane naye mutha kukhala ndi nkhawa pang'ono. Maso ang'onoang'ono, otalikirana kwambiri akukuyang'anirani, pakati pawo pali mphuno yayitali, ndipo pansi pake pali pakamwa lalikulu lokhala ndi ngodya zotsitsimula. Zonsezi pamodzi zimapereka chithunzi chakuti wodwalayo amangokhala wokhumudwa komanso wosasangalala.
Zotere chisoni nsomba dontho ndi nkhope yamunthu. Chifukwa chomwe mphuno yakumaso ili pankhope pake sichikudziwika. Koma ndiye amene ali m'modzi mwa mawonekedwe ake apadera. Maso, mwa njira, amawona bwino kwambiri pansi pa nyanja, amatha kusintha moyo wam'madzi akuya. Koma mu nsomba zomwe zagwidwa, amachepetsa msanga msinkhu wawo. Mwachindunji "amawuluzika" munthawi yeniyeni. Izi zikuwoneka bwino muzithunzi za cholengedwa chodabwitsa.
Chizindikiro china chodabwitsa ndikuti thupi lake silolimba, monga nsomba zonse, koma ngati gel. Pepani poyerekeza - weniweni "jellied nsomba". Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti alibe chikhodzodzo chosambira. Zikuwoneka kuti chifukwa chakuya kwambiri chiwalo ichi sichitha kugwira ntchito.
Zidzangopanikizika ndi kukakamizidwa kwakukulu. Kuti isambe, chilengedwe chimayenera kusintha kapangidwe kake. Mnofu wa Gelatinous ndi wocheperako kuposa madzi, chifukwa chake ndi wopepuka. Pafupifupi mosavuta, imatha kuwonekera. Chifukwa chake alibe minofu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mafuta osungunuka omwe thupi lake limapangidwa amapangidwa ndi mpweya wake. Nsomba zatsika pachithunzichi samawoneka ngati nsomba konse. Kuyang'ana "nkhope" yake, ndizovuta kuganiza kuti cholengedwa ichi ndichapadziko lapansi.
M'malo mwake, ndi "nkhope ndi nkhope" yofanana ndi Alpha (kumbukirani, mlendo wodziwika pamndandanda wazina lomweli?) - mphuno yayitali yomweyo, milomo yolondola, mawonekedwe osasangalala a "nkhope" komanso mawonekedwe akunja. Ndipo mu mbiri - chabwino, pasakhale nsomba, zodabwitsa kwambiri.
Mitundu
Nsomba za Psychrolytic ndi banja la nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray. Awa ndi anthu okhala m'madzi osaphunzira kwenikweni, amakhala pakati pakati pa nsomba zaminyanga ndi ma slugs am'nyanja. Ambiri a iwo alibe masikelo, zikwapu, kapena mbale pathupi lawo, ali ndi khungu lopanda kanthu.
Mitundu ina yomwe imayandikira pafupi ndi ma slugs imakhala ndi thupi lotayirira, lofanana ndi thupi. Amakhala ndi dzina loti "psychrolutes" chifukwa cha nthumwi imodzi, yomwe idawoneka m'madzi akumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean pakuya kwa 150-500 m.
Anatchedwa "psychrolute yodabwitsa." M'mawu awa, mawu oti "psychrolutes" (Psyhrolutes) ochokera ku Latin atha kumasuliridwa kuti "kusamba m'madzi ozizira." Ambiri a iwo amakonda kukhala kumadzi ozizira akumpoto.
Pali mabanja awiri am'banja, omwe amagwirizanitsa mibadwo 11. Ziwombankhanga ndi zofewa zimawerengedwa kuti ndi achibale apamtima pa nsomba zathu, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri ndi zoyera zoyera masentimita 10 m'litali ndi ziphuphu zofewa zolemera masentimita 30. Amapezeka ku North Pacific Ocean.
Kuchuluka kwa nsomba zodabwitsazi kunasankha madzi akumpoto a Pacific Ocean, kutsuka Eurasia, kwamoyo wonse. Pamphepete mwa nyanja ya America, pali mitundu yochepa yofanana ndi mitundu ya Far East, koma mitundu yapadera imatha kuwonedwa pamenepo.
Kuchokera pagombe la Atlantic ku North America, pali mitundu itatu ya kottunculi, yogawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana:
- kottunculus wamaso pang'ono adayima kuchokera pa 150 mpaka 500 mita,
- kottunkul Sadko adamira pang'ono ndikukhazikika pakuya kwa 300 mpaka 800 m,
- Cottunculus ya Thomson imamva bwino pakuya kwa 1000 m.
M'nyanja ya Arctic, mulinso nsomba zochepa, pali zokhazokha zokhazokha - nyanga yolumikizana ndi schukpin ya Chukchi. Komabe, mosiyana ndi zipilala zoponyera pafupi nazo, nsombazi zimakhala ndi gawo lawo. Amathanso kukhala kunyanja yakumwera.
Pali dzina lotere - anthu wamba, ndiye kuti, omwe ndi okhawo okhalamo ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe omwe adachitika m'malo ano. Khalidwe ili limapezekanso pama psychrolute. Mitundu yambiri imapezeka pamalo amodzi okha padziko lapansi.
Mwachitsanzo, mphamba waminga amakhala kufupi ndi gombe lakumwera kwa nyanja ya Atlantic ku Africa. Ndi yaying'ono kukula, pafupifupi 20 cm, akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Patagonia anali ndi mwayi wokwanira kutenga chiwanda m'mbali mwake - cholengedwa chonga goby chofanana kwambiri ndi heroine wathu. Amakhalanso ndi thupi longa gel, mutu waukulu, kukula kwa thupi kuyambira 30 mpaka 40 cm.
Kummwera kwa Africa, pachimake penipeni chakumwera, Kottunculoides amakhala, mofanana ndi nsomba yomwe ikupezeka, zolengedwa. Amathanso kupezeka kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.
New Zealand imadzitamandira chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa neofrinicht, kapena toad goby, pagombe lake. Mwambiri, gobies am'nyanja zakumwera amapezeka mozama kwambiri kuposa akumpoto. Poyang'ana zizindikirazo, onse adachokera kwa oimira kumpoto, kumwera adapita kuzama chifukwa kumakhala kozizira kwambiri kumeneko.
Nsomba izi, zomwe sizili zamalonda, zimagawana chakudya ndi iwo. Nthawi zina amachotsa nsomba zamtengo wapatali zamalonda, mwachitsanzo, zomangirira. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kudya caviar ndi mwachangu nsomba zamalonda. Komabe, iwowo ndiwo chakudya chamtengo wapatali cha nsomba zikuluzikulu zolusa. Chifukwa chake kupezeka kwawo m'zinyama ndikothandiza ndikofunikira.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Nsomba dontho amakhala m'nyanja zitatu za Padziko Lapansi - Pacific, Atlantic ndi Indian. Ndi gawo lina la nyama zakunyanja yaku Australia. Malinga ndi zomwe zapezeka mpaka pano, zimakhala pansi kwambiri pa mamita 600-1500. Zidapezeka pagombe la New Zealand, Tasmania ndi Australia.
Ndizovuta kunena pano ngati iyi ndi nsomba imodzi kapena mitundu ingapo yamitundumitundu. Ndi zizindikilo zawo zakunja ndi mawonekedwe ena apadera, titha kungonena kuti awa ndi oimira ma psychrolyte, ofanana ndi dontho la nsomba.
Tsoka ilo, chifukwa cha malo okhala, sizimamveka bwino. Kuwombera kumatha kupangidwa mozama, koma sizotheka kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane momwe moyo wa cholengedwa chodabwitsa. Koma sizingatheke kuyipanga m'madamu osungira, ndizovuta kupanga malo oyenera, makamaka kuthamanga kwakukulu.
Ndi zochepa zokha zomwe zimadziwika motsimikizika. Nthawi zambiri amakhala okha. Kukula kwachinyamata, kukula, kumasiya makolo awo. Amaponya caviar mumchenga. Njira yakukhwima kwa caviar ndikuchita nawo nsomba zodabwitsa izi ndizapadera. Koma zambiri pambuyo pake. Amasambira pang'onopang'ono, popeza ilibe minofu ndi zipsepse zathunthu.
Ngakhale kuti imakhala m'nyanja zakumwera, imakhalabe yakuya kwambiri. Kuchokera komwe tinganene kuti iyi ndi nsomba yozizira. Asayansi atha posachedwapa kukhazikitsa kuti ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zamathambo za banja la ray-fin.
Koma tsopano zatsala pang'ono kutha chifukwa cha kusodza kwa nkhanu, nkhanu ndi zina zakutchire zamtengo wapatali. Nsomba zodabwitsa zikugwidwa mowonjezeka mu maukonde omwe ali nawo. Ngakhale izi sizosadabwitsa, popeza kuti trawl yakuya imagwiritsidwa ntchito posodza nkhanu.
Anthu okhala pansi panyanja amangodziyesa okha ngati otetezeka komwe njira iyi yosodza ili yoletsedwa kuti asunge ma coral colon. Ndipo ndimafuna kumusamalira, nyama zosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi ziyenera kutetezedwa. Chiwerengero cha zolengedwa zodabwitsa chikuchira pang'onopang'ono.
Kuwerengetsa kwapangidwa kale, malinga ndi zomwe zikuwonekeratu: zimatenga zaka 4 mpaka 14 kuti zibwereze nambala. Chifukwa chake, ali ndi zifukwa zonse zowonekera osasangalala pachithunzicho. Koma ngati titha kuyimitsa kusowa kwa nsomba zomwe zaponyedwa, patapita kanthawi zidzakhala zovuta kuziwerenga mwatsatanetsatane. Kupita patsogolo sikumaima.
Zakudya zabwino
Nsomba zikutsikira m'madzi amachita zinthu mopuma, mwinanso kungokhala. Amasambira pang'onopang'ono kapena amapachika pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yapano poyenda. Itha kukhala pansi osasuntha. Komabe, akutanganidwa kwambiri panthawiyi. Pakamwa pake ndi poyera kuyembekezera nyama, yomwe idzasambire. Ndipo ndi bwino ngati amasambira mpaka mkamwa mwake. Awa ndi machitidwe athu osaka nyama osaka nyama phlegmatic.
Amadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, makamaka molluscs ndi crustaceans. Amazijambula zambiri, monga phytoplankton. Ngakhale amatha kuyamwa chilichonse chomwe chimamulepheretsa. Kuti mumuganizire panthawi yodyetsa, ndikwanira kukumbukira "chodabwitsa-yudo-fish-whale" kuchokera ku nthano ya Ershov "The Little Humpbacked Horse".
Kumbukirani, adatsegula nsagwada zake, ndipo chilichonse chomwe chimasunthira kwa iye chimasambira mkati mwake? Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi nsomba zodontha, zonse zimangokhala zazing'ono, koma tanthauzo lake ndilofanana. Malinga ndi zoyambirira, zikuwoneka kuti nsomba iyi ndi msaki waulesi kwambiri. Imayimirira pomwe pakamwa pake patatseguka, ndipo nyamayo ili pafupi kukokedwa pamenepo.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Zonse zowonekera kunja mawonekedwe a madontho a nsomba wotumbululuka ndi katundu wina wodabwitsa wa nsomba. Kukhulupirika kwa makolo kapena nkhawa yokhudza ana amtsogolo ndiye mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri. Ataikira mazirawo pansi pamchenga, “amawafungatira” kwa nthawi yaitali ngati nkhuku yankhuku, kufikira anawo ataswa.
Koma ngakhale zitatha izi, kusamalira mwachangu kumapitilizabe. Kholo limawayanjanitsa mu gulu, ngati "sukulu ya mkaka", amawakonzera m'malo obisika komanso amawayang'anira nthawi zonse. Kwa nsomba zakuya panyanja, izi sizachilendo, zimangoberekera mazira, omwe amadzikweza pamwamba pa nyanja ndikumamatira ku plankton.
Ngakhale akatswiri azam'madzi sakudziwa momwe zimakhalira pokondana komanso kusakanikirana, komabe zadziwika kuti ndi makolo osamala kwambiri pakati pa nsomba zam'madzi. Kuda nkhawa koteroko kumatsimikiziranso kuti ali ndi mazira ochepa. Pakadali pano, akuganiza kuti kayendedwe ka nsomba zodabwitsa izi zimatenga zaka 9 mpaka 14. Zachidziwikire, ngati sichigwidwa ndi anthu ndikudya nyama zolusa.
Dontho la nsomba limadya kapena ayi
Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi funso - kusiya nsomba kapena ayi? Ku Europe mudzamva - ayi, koma ku Japan - inde, inde. Pali zidziwitso kuti nzika zam'mbali mwa Asia zimakuwona ngati chakudya chokoma, konzekerani mbale zingapo kuchokera pamenepo. Koma azungu ndiwodandaula ndi zachilendozi. Ndiwofanana kwambiri ndi nkhope ya munthu, ndipo ngakhale wachisoni.
Kuphatikiza apo, imawonedwa ngati yosadyeka, ngakhale pali zinthu zambiri zothandiza komanso kukoma kwabwino. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osakopa, amatchedwa toad fish. Ndipo sakumvetsetsedwa bwino. Zonsezi sizimakopa iye ophika achikhalidwe ndi gourmets kwa iye.
Kuphatikiza apo, sizikudziwika kuti achi Japan ndi achi China adaphunzira kuphika kena kake, ngati dontho la nsomba pafupi ndi Australia? Ndipo ponseponse, ndi chiyani chomwe chingakonzekere kuchokera kuzinthu zotayirira ngati izi? M'malo mwake, imatha kujambulidwa kuti izikumbukire chifukwa chakutchuka kumene posachedwa.
Zosangalatsa
- Kuwonekera kwakukulu kwa nsombayo kudapangitsa kuti pakhale ma parody ambiri, nthabwala ndi ma memes. Amatha kuwoneka mu nthabwala, makatuni, pa intaneti. Anakhalanso "nyenyezi" m'mafilimu ena. Mwachitsanzo, mu blockbuster Men in Black 3, amapatsidwa malo odyera ngati nsomba yoletsedwa yakunja. Amakhalanso ndi nthawi yoti anene kena kalikonse mwa munthu ndipo, ndi mawu achisoni. Adawunikiranso gawo limodzi la "The X-Files".
- Nsomba ya blob ikutsogolera pazovota zomwe zimachitika pa intaneti ngati cholengedwa chodabwitsa kwambiri komanso chonyansa kwambiri. Mwa njira, kutchuka kumeneku kunamupindulitsa, kunathandizira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mavoti kuti asungidwe.
- Mu 2018, meme wodziwika kwambiri pa intaneti anali "Blohay" shark, koma pali zifukwa zonse zoganiza kuti mchaka chamawa, 2020, nsomba zitha kupita patsogolo pake. Tsopano mutha kupeza zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatali ngati nsomba zomvetsa chisoni izi, zikumbutso zambiri zochokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zimaperekedwa. "Kaplemania" ikuwonjezeka, makamaka popeza anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti pali mwayi wochepa kwambiri wowona nsombayi ili yamoyo, ndipo chaka chilichonse imakhala yocheperako.
- Ngakhale kuti nsombazi siziwoneka ngati zodyedwa komanso sizomwe zimawedza, pa intaneti mutha kupeza zotsatsa zogulira dontho la nsomba pamtengo wa ma ruble 950 pa kilogalamu.
