Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Dziko lapansi lamadzi ndilolemera kwambiri mwa anthu. Pali mitundu masauzande ambirimbiri ya nsomba zokha. Koma pali ena mwa iwo omwe adalandira ulemu waulemu wa "Royal". Izi zikuphatikiza Mbalame zotchedwa sturgeon fish sterlet... Koma ndichifukwa chiyani adayenera kulandira ulemu wotere? Izi ndi zomwe tiyenera kudziwa.
Ngati mukukhulupirira nthano za anglers akale, ndiye kuti zolengedwa zam'madzi zotere sizinali zochepa. Ena a iwo, kukhala kunyada kwa mwayi amene anawagwira, anafika pafupifupi mamita awiri m'litali, ndipo nyama yawo inali yolemera pafupifupi 16 kg. Zitha kukhala kuti zonsezi ndi zongopeka, kapena mwina nthawi zasintha chabe.
Koma avareji yamasiku athu ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, makamaka amuna, omwe, mwalamulo, ndi ocheperako komanso ocheperako kuposa oimira akazi achikazi. Kukula kwanthawi zonse kwa nsomba ngati izi kuli pafupifupi theka la mita, ndipo kuchuluka kwake sikupitilira 2 kg. Komanso, akuluakulu a 300 g ndi kukula kosapitilira masentimita 20 ayenera kuwonedwa ngati wamba.
Mawonekedwe a anthu okhala m'madzi awa ndi achilendo ndipo amasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka nsomba zambiri mwatsatanetsatane. Chopendekeka, chopendekeka, cham'mbali cha sterlet chimathera pamphuno pang'ono yakutsogolo, yosongoka, yolumikizidwa. Kujambula kumapeto, pafupifupi ndikofanana ndi mutu wa nsomba yomwe.
Koma nthawi zina silikhala lotchuka, lozungulira. Pansi pake munthu amatha kuwona masharubu akugwa ngati mphonje. Ndipo kufotokoza kwa m'mphuno kumawonjezeredwa ndi maso ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhala mbali zonse ziwiri.
Pakamwa pamawoneka ngati chodulidwa kuchokera pansi pa mphutsi, milomo yake yakumunsi ndi yojambulidwa, chomwe ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri mwa zolengedwa izi. Mchira wawo umawoneka ngati kansalu kogawika pakati, pomwe mbali yake yakumapeto ikutuluka mwamphamvu kuposa yapansi.
Chosangalatsa china cha nsomba zotere ndi kusapezeka kwa mamba m'thupi lalitali lokhala ndi zipsepse zazikulu zakuda, kutanthauza kuti, mwanjira zonse kwa ife. Amalowetsedwa ndi zikopa za mafupa. Yaikulu kwambiri ili m'mizere yotenga nthawi.
Zazikuluzikulu kwambiri, zokhala ndi mitsempha komanso zowoneka ngati mphira wolimba, zimasintha zipsepse zakumaso kwa zolengedwa zabwinozi. Ikhoza kuwonanso kuchokera kumbali zonse ziwiri motsatira zikopa. Ndipo malire enanso awiri pamimba, dera lalikulu lomwe ndilotetezedwa komanso lotetezeka.
M'malo am'madzi am'madzi, momwe mulibe mizere ikuluikulu yazakudya, ndimatumba ochepa okha omwe amaphimba khungu, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala opanda maliseche. Mwachidule, zolengedwa izi zimawoneka zachilendo kwenikweni. Koma ngakhale mutalongosola zochuluka motani, ndizosatheka kulingalira mawonekedwe awo ngati simukuyang'ana sterlet pachithunzichi.
Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wakumbuyo kwa nsomba zotere umakhala wabulauni wokhala ndi imvi kapena mdima wakuda, ndipo mimba ndi yopepuka ndi chikaso. Koma kutengera mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala, mitunduyo imasiyana. Pali zitsanzo za utoto wa phula wothira mvula kapena imvi-chikasu, nthawi zina owala pang'ono.
Mitundu
Inde, nsomba zoterezi, ngati mukukhulupirira mphekesera, nthawi ina kale zinali zazikulu kwambiri kuposa momwe ziliri masiku ano. Kuphatikiza apo, ma sterlet amawoneka achilendo kwambiri. Koma makolo athu adawatcha "achifumu" osati izi. Koma chifukwa nsombayi nthawi zonse imawerengedwa kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri, imangokhala m'nyumba zachifumu, osati tsiku lililonse, koma patchuthi.
Kuzigwira nthawi zonse kumakhala kocheperako, ndipo ngakhale asodzi iwowo sanalote kuyesera pang'ono pang'ono nsomba zawo. Zakudya zabwinozi zimayamikiridwa limodzi ndi akatswiri a nkhono. Koma pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa nsomba ziwiri zoterezi, iliyonse kuyambira nthawi zakale yomwe inali m'gulu lodziwika bwino? Kwenikweni, onsewa ndi ochokera kubanja lalikulu kwambiri la ma sturgeon, omwe nawonso amagawika m'magulu asanu.
Nsomba zathu zonse ndi za m'modzi mwa iwo komanso gulu lofala lotchedwa "sturgeons" lolembedwa ndi achthyologists. Sterlet ndi mitundu ingapo yamtunduwu, ndipo abale ake, malinga ndi gulu lovomerezeka, ndi sturgeon stelate, beluga, munga ndi nsomba zina zotchuka.
Iyi ndi mitundu yakale kwambiri yomwe yakhala ikukhala padziko lapansi pansi pamadzi kwazaka zambiri. Izi, kuphatikiza pazopezeka m'mabwinja, zikuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikilo zambiri zakunja ndi zamkati zakale za omwe akuyimira.
Makamaka, zolengedwa zoterezi sizikhala ndi msana wam'mafupa, m'malo mwake zimakhala ndi chidziwitso chaching'ono, chomwe chimagwira ntchito zothandizira. Alibenso mafupa, ndipo mafupa amamangidwa ndi minofu yamafupa. Ambiri mwa ma sturgeon nthawi zonse amakhala otchuka chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kwakukulu.
Zimphona zapadera zokhala ndi utali wazithunzi zisanu ndi chimodzi zimatha kulemera mpaka 100 kg. Koma, sterlet kuchokera kubanja lake ndi amitundu ing'onoing'ono. Mphuno ya sturgeon ndi yayifupi ndipo mutu ndi wokulirapo kuposa wamitundu yomwe tikufotokoza. Omwe amakhala pansi pamadzi amasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi zikopa zamafupa mbali.
Ponena za sterlet, mitundu iwiri imadziwika. Ndipo kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kapangidwe ka mphuno. Monga tanenera kale, imatha kukhala yayitali kapena yayitali. Kutengera izi, nsomba zathu zimatchedwa: zopanda mphuno kapena zam'mphuno. Mitundu yonseyi imasiyana mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe okha, komanso machitidwe.
Zochitika zam'mbuyomu zimakonda kuyenda, zomwe amakakamizidwa kuti azichita chifukwa cha nyengo komanso kusintha kwa nthawi yamasana, komanso kupezeka kwa zinthu zosasangalatsa, ndiye kuti, phokoso ndi zovuta zina.
Osasunthika-m'malo mwake amakonda kubisala ku mavuto adziko lapansi pansi pamadzi. Amasamala, motero pali mwayi wochepa woti anglers amupezere. Zowona, maukonde opha nyama mosabisa amatha kukhala msampha, koma kusodza kwamtunduwu kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kosavomerezeka ndi lamulo.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kodi nsomba za sterlet zimapezeka kuti? Makamaka m'mitsinje ikuluikulu yambiri ku Europe. Koyamba, mawonekedwe ake amawoneka otambalala kwambiri, koma kuchuluka kwa anthu ndiotsika kwambiri, chifukwa masiku ano mitundu iyi imagawidwa ngati yosowa. Komabe, sizinali zochulukirapo m'mbuyomu, ngati tilingalira momwe makolo athu amawonera nyama ngati izi.
Zambiri mwa nsombazi zimapezeka mumitsinje yomwe imadutsa m'nyanja ya Caspian, Azov ndi Black. Mwachitsanzo, ku Volga kuli ma sterlet, koma osati kulikonse, koma nthawi zambiri m'malo amadamu ambiri. Amapezekanso m'magawo osiyana a mitsinje ya Yenisei, Vyatka, Kuban, Ob, Kama, Irtysh.
Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino za zolengedwa zam'madzi izi zalembedwa mu Don, Dnieper, ndi Urals. Pafupifupi onse adasowa, ngakhale adapezeka kale, mumtsinje wa Kuban, komanso ku Sura atatha kupha nsomba zochuluka, pomwe mu theka lachiwiri la zaka zapitazi munali ma sterlet ambiri m'madzi amtsinjewo.
Kuchuluka kwa anthu kumakhudzidwanso ndi kuipitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa matupi amadzi. Sterlets amakonda kuthamanga, madzi oyera, ozizira pang'ono. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zotchedwa sturgeon, zomwe, kuwonjezera pa mitsinje, nthawi zambiri imawonekera m'nyanja momwe zimadutsamo, nsomba zomwe timatchula sizimakonda kusambira m'madzi amchere.
Amakhala mumtsinje wokha, ndipo amakhala m'malo okhala ndi mchenga kapena wokutidwa ndi timiyala tating'ono. Ndipo chifukwa chake Nyanja kulibe m'chilengedwe, koma ngati kwakanthawi kumakhala kotere, ndiye mwangozi chabe, kugwera munyanja kuchokera pakamwa pa mitsinje.
M'chilimwe, anthu okhwima amakonda kusambira m'madzi osaya, akukhala m'magulu akulu ndikusuntha mokongola kwambiri. Ndipo kukula kwachichepere, komwe kumasungidwa m'magulu osiyana, kumayang'ana malo osavuta ndi njira zopapatiza pakamtsinje. Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, nsomba zimapeza zachilengedwe pansi, m'malo omwe akasupe apansi panthaka amatumphukira pansi.
M'mayenje otere, amakhala nthawi yosavomerezeka, amasonkhana m'magulu akulu, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amatha kufikira mazana angapo. M'nyengo yozizira, amakhala atapanikizana, osasunthika m'malo awo osadya kanthu. Ndipo zimangoyandama pamwamba pamadzi pokhapokha zitamasulidwa kumangadza.
Zakudya zabwino
Mphuno yayitali, yomwe chilengedwe chimapatsa sterlet, idaperekedwa kwa iye pazifukwa. Ntchitoyi ikadalipo kuti ifufuze nyama, zomwe makolo amakono amakumana ndikukumba pansi pamatope. Koma popita nthawi, zizolowezi za nsombazi zasintha, zonse chifukwa zakunja ndi kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa izi zasintha.
Ndipo ntchito yofufuzirayo idatengedwa ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono, tomwe tidatchulidwapo kale m'mbuyomu. Amakhala kutsogolo kwa mphutsi ndipo amakhala ndi chidwi chachikulu kotero kuti amathandizira eni ake kumva kuti nyama yawo yaying'ono ikudzaza pansi pamtsinje.
Ndipo izi zili choncho ngakhale nsomba imayenda msanga m'madzi. Ndicho chifukwa chake tsopano mphuno ya oimira amphongo amtundu wamtunduwu yasanduka chinthu chokongoletsera chopanda pake, mphatso yosakumbukika ya chisinthiko. Koma zitsanzo zopanda pake, monga mukuwonera, zasintha zakunja kwazaka zambiri.
Oimira mitundu yonse yomwe tikufotokoza ndi odyetsa, koma amadya mosiyana, ndipo samasiyana pakudya. Anthu akuluakulu amatha kudya zina, makamaka nsomba zazing'ono, ngakhale kusaka ndi kuwononga mtundu wawo ndizosowa pazilombozi.
Ndipo chifukwa chake chakudya chawo chimakhala ndi leeches, nsikidzi ndi mbewa. Ndipo zomwe ndizocheperako zimadya mphutsi za tizilombo tosiyanasiyana: ntchentche za caddis, udzudzu ndi zina. Menyu ya oimira theka la amuna ndi akazi imasiyananso munyengo yobereketsa.
Chowonadi ndichakuti akazi ndi abambo amakhala m'madzi osiyanasiyana. Woyamba ndodo pansi choncho kudya nyongolotsi ndi ena onse a nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimapezeka mu silt. Ndipo omalizawo amasambira kwambiri, chifukwa m'madzi othamangawo amapezeka kuti alibe msana. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zotere zimapezera chakudya chawo m'madzi osaya m'nkhalango ndi mabango.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Sterlet nsomba amakhala kwambiri, pafupifupi zaka 30. Zimaganiziridwa kuti pali mitundu yayitali pakati pa mitundu iyi, mpaka zaka 80. Koma zowona zake ndizovuta kutsimikizira. Oimira theka lamwamuna amakhala okhwima kuti athe kubereka ali ndi zaka 5, koma akazi amakhala atapangidwa zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake.
Kubzala nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'malo opezera miyala yam'mbali kumtunda ndipo imayamba panthawi yomwe, chisanu chikasungunuka, madzi amakhalabe okwera ndipo amabisa nsomba kuchokera kwa omwe sakufuna, kapena m'malo mwake, zimachitika kwinakwake mu Meyi. Mazira otsukidwawo ndi ochepa kukula kwake kuposa ma sturgeon, ali ndi kapangidwe kokometsetsa komanso achikasu kapena imvi, ofanana kwambiri ndi thupi la nsombazo.
Chiwerengero chawo panthawi imodzi chikuwerengedwa ngati masauzande, kuyambira 4000 ndikumaliza ndi mbiri ya zidutswa 140,000. Pamapeto pa nthanga, yopangidwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono ndikukhala milungu iwiri, mwachangu amawoneka patatha masiku ena asanu ndi awiri. Poyamba, salota maulendo ataliatali, koma amakhala m'malo omwe adabadwira.
Sakusowa chakudya. Ndipo amatenga zinthu zofunika kukhalapo ndikukula kuchokera kumalo awo amkati mwa timadziti ta ndulu. Ndipo atangokhwima pang'ono, amayamba kudziwa bwino malo ozungulira madzi posaka chakudya.
Mtengo
Ku Russia wakale, sterlet inali yokwera mtengo kwambiri. Ndipo anthu wamba analibe mwayi wogula zoterezi. Koma madyerero achifumu sanali okwanira popanda msuzi wa nsomba ndi aspic kuchokera ku nsomba zoterezi. Sterlet adapita nayo kukhitchini yachifumu ali amoyo, ndikunyamulidwa kuchokera kutali m'makola kapena zikho za thundu, komwe malo onyentchera amasamalidwa mwapadera.
Sterlet catch mu nthawi yathu ikuchepa nthawi zonse motero ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Poganizira izi, nsomba "zachifumu" sizingakhale zotsika mtengo kwenikweni kwa ogula amakono. Mutha kugula mumasitolo ogulitsa nsomba ndi maunyolo, mumsika komanso m'malesitilanti.
Mtengo wa Sterlet pafupifupi 400 rubles pa kilogalamu. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zimangozizira kwambiri. Live ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri kwa wogula. Caviar ya nsombayi imayamikiridwanso, ndipo si aliyense amene angakwanitse. Kupatula apo, wogula wamba sangathe kulipira ma ruble 4,000 pa mtsuko wa magalamu zana. Ndipo caviar ya nsombayi imawononga pafupifupi kuchuluka kwake.
Kugwira sterlet
Nsomba zamtunduwu zakhala zikupezeka patsamba la Red Book ndikukhazikika pamenepo. Ndipo chifukwa chake kugwira sterlet oletsedwa kwambiri, ndipo madera ena amakhala ndi malamulo okhwima. Kusodza kwamtunduwu kumafuna layisensi.
Nthawi yomweyo, amaloledwa kugwira nsomba zazikulu zazikulu zokha osapitilira khumi. Ndipo kokha chifukwa cha chidwi cha masewera, ndiyeno wovutayo ayenera kumasulidwa. Koma kuphwanya lamuloli si kwachilendo, monganso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zophera nyama.
Chiwawa choterechi chimakhala chowopsa ndipo chimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa anthu ochepa omwe ali ndi sterlets. Zoletsa zazikulu zimayikidwa pakapangidwe kazamalonda ake. Ndipo nsomba zomwe zimathera m'masitolo ndipo zimaperekedwa kwa okonda chakudya "chachifumu" m'malesitilanti nthawi zambiri sizimagwidwa mwachilengedwe, koma zimalimidwa m'minda yapadera.
Ku Amur, Neman, Oka nthawi ina m'mbuyomu, poyesa akatswiri azamoyo, ntchito zapadera zidachitika. Kuswana kwa nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha kunachitika ndi njira yokumba, ndiye kuti, poyika sterlet yokazinga m'malo ena mumadzi amitsinje iyi.
Zosangalatsa
Makolo athu adapatsa nsomba iyi dzina loti "ofiira". Koma ayi chifukwa cha utoto, zinali zongoti m'masiku akale chilichonse chokongola chimatchedwa mawuwa. Zikuwoneka kuti mbale zopangidwa kuchokera ku sterlet zidakoma modabwitsa.
Chakudya choterocho chimakonda kwambiri zamphamvu zadziko lapansi. Sturgeon idadyedwa ndi mafarao ndi mafumu, mafumu aku Russia, makamaka Ivan the Terrible, adayamikiridwa kwambiri, malinga ndi mbiri. Ndipo Peter I, ngakhale mwalamulo lapadera, adakakamizidwa kubzala "nsomba zofiira" ku Peterhof.
Masiku ano, sterlet ndi yokazinga, kusuta, kuthira mchere, yogwiritsiridwa ntchito shashlik ndi msuzi wa nsomba, kudzaza ma pie abwino kwambiri. Amati nyama yake imakoma ngati nkhumba. Ndizabwino makamaka ndi kirimu wowawasa, wokongoletsedwa ndi ma gherkins, maolivi, mabulosi a mandimu ndi zitsamba.
Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti nsomba zam'madzi nsomba lero sizomwe zakhala kale. Chogulitsidwacho chomwe chimaperekedwa m'masitolo sichabwino kwenikweni. Kupatula apo, iyi si nsomba yogwidwa, koma ndi yokula bwino. Ndipo ngakhale ndi yotsika mtengo kwambiri pamtengo, msuzi kuchokera pamenepo si wolemera konse.
Ndipo kukoma sikuli chimodzimodzi, ndi utoto. Nyama yeniyeni ya "nsomba zofiira" imakhala ndi chikasu chachikaso, ndipo izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kunenepa, komwe kulibe zochepa m'mitundu yamakono. Nthawi zina, sterlet weniweni amatha kuwonekera pamsika. Koma amagulitsa mobisa, kuchokera pansi, chifukwa nsomba zoterezi zidapezeka ndi ozembetsa.
