Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Banja la Weevils (lat. Curculionifae) limasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yake, ndi la Coleoptera kapena Beetles. Ku Russia, pali mitundu yoposa 5,000 ya ziwombankhanga, zazing'ono kukula kwake. Kumalo otentha, kumene mitundu yambiri ya nyama imakhala, zimphona zenizeni zimapezeka mpaka 5-6 masentimita kukula kwake. Ufumu wa tizilombo sutha, chaka chilichonse mitundu yatsopano imafotokozedwa.
Ngakhale munthu yemwe ali kutali kwambiri ndi entomology amadziwa za weevil. Nthawi zambiri m'mapaki ndi minda mumatha kuwona kachilombo kokongola kobiriyuda kamene kali ndi mimba yachikaso ndi thunthu lopindika ngati njovu.
Zikuwoneka zosadabwitsa kuti uyu ndi wachibale wapafupi wa tizirombo tomwe timatilanda zokolola za strawberries ndi maapulo, zimawononga tirigu wambiri, ndikuwononga nyumba zamatabwa. Ndipo weevil wobiriwira yemweyo, ngakhale ali omnivorous, sadzadutsa mitengo yazikhalidwe. Beetle kachilomboka pachithunzichi.
Ziwombankhanga za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe. Thupi limatha kutalika, lathyathyathya, lopangidwa ndi daimondi, mozungulira dziko lapansi. Mtundu wa chivundikiro cha chitinous umachokera pakumveka koyera mpaka kofiirira ndi wakuda, nthawi zambiri kumakhala mawanga.
Chomwe chimasiyanitsa kachilomboka ndi kupezeka kwa kapisozi wamkulu wamutu, chifukwa chake ma weevils adadziwika ndi dzina. Rostrum wamitundu ina ndi yaying'ono, ndipo mwa iyo imapitilira kukula kwa thupi kangapo.
Chakudya cha wamkulu komanso mphutsi nthawi zambiri chimakhala mkati mwa mbewu. Ma dicotyledon omwe ndi maluwa ake ndi omwe amakonda kwambiri mawere. Mitundu ina imakonda nkhuni, makungwa, ndere, fungal mycelium. Gawo la mphutsi limachitika nthawi zambiri pansi ndikulumidwa ndi mizu, koma mitundu ina imamera pazomera zakumtunda.
Mitundu
Banja la ziwombankhanga limasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndipo limasiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe amakonda. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ma weevils kwa anthu ndi yomwe imapweteketsa zomera kapena mitundu yamtengo wapatali.
Tizilombo ta mitengo yazipatso ndi miyala:
- Chombocho chimakhala ndi thupi lakuda, miyendo ndiyopepuka, mphutsi zimafalitsa masamba, ndipo akulu amakhala zipatso, ndikudya zamkati mwawo.
- Bukarka - kukula 2-3 mm, imvi-buluu, tizilombo tawononga masamba ndi maluwa.
- Njovu ya njovu ndi kachilomboka 0.5 masentimita kukula kwake, chivundikiro chake ndi chofiira, chonyezimira. Tizilombo tachikulire timadyetsa masamba, timayika mazira m'mazira ambiri.
Tizilombo ta mitengo:
- Utomoni wa point ungayambitse kufa kwa mtengo wathunthu. Mkazi amakhala mokwanira mkati mwa khungwa, mphutsi zimabowola njira mpaka mphukira.
- Njovu zamphesa -Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nkhalango za coniferous. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi 1-1.2 cm masentimita, bulauni ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono achikasu. Mphutsi zimakhala pansi pa khungwa, ndipo akulu amakunkha makungwa a timitengo tating'onoting'ono, ndikupangitsa kuti anawo azikula.
- Chipatso cha nutty ndichomwe chimayambitsa mtedza wopanda kanthu komanso wonenepa.
Weevil wobiriwira ndi kachilombo ka 12 mm kukula kwake, ali ndi chivundikiro chofewa kuchokera kubiriwira lowala mpaka bulauni. Mimba nthawi zambiri imakhala yopepuka. Nibbles masamba, masamba, masamba a zipatso, zipatso ndi zomera zina. Mphutsi zimadyetsa pamagawo ang'onoang'ono a mizu.
Khola lankhokwe ndi tizilombo tambewu tofiirira tating'onoting'ono, pafupifupi masentimita 3. Pamodzi ndi njere, zimafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Akazi adatafuna chipolopolocho, nkuika dzira ndikuphimba ndi chimbudzi. Zitha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa chimanga chambiri.
Beet weevil - ali ndi chivundikiro chansalu chinsalu, ndi mikwingwirima imvi. Amabzala mbande zazing'ono za beet, mphutsi pansi zikung'amba mizu, zimadula muzu. Strawberry weevil, tizilombo ta sitiroberi ndi raspberries, timatafuna pa masamba kuti tiikire mazira.
Kapangidwe
Osati kokha pamagulu azinthu, komanso ngakhale chisinthiko, ma weevils onse amagawika m'magulu awiri osiyana. Tsitsi lalitali - adawonekera kale kwambiri ndipo apita patsogolo kwambiri. Amakhala ndi rostrum yayitali, nthawi zambiri yopendekera pansi, mphutsi zimakhala mkati mwa minyewa yazomera kapena kunja.
Chofupikitsa, chosakhalitsa, rostrum yocheperako kawiri m'lifupi mwake. Mphutsi nthawi zambiri imakhala pansi. Kwa ena onse, dongosolo weevil amasiyana pang'ono ndi ma coleoptera ena. Rostrum, pronotum, elytra, mapiko, mimba, ndi magulu awiri a miyendo.
Mutu wa kachilomboka nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mawonekedwe otambasula ozungulira, osandulika chubu, kumapeto kwake kumakhala kotseguka pakamwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono; Ma pallet a 11-12 amapezeka pamenepo. Pansi pamphumi wotsekemera pali maso ang'onoang'ono ophatikizika omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa mutu.
Thupi la kachilomboka limakutidwa ndi chivundikiro cholimba cha chitinous, chomwe chimakhala chosalala, chokhala ndi villi kapena masikelo. Mimba ili ndi ziputu zisanu zowoneka bwino. Mapiko akumbuyo amabisika pansi pa elytra yolimba. Mwa mitundu yopanda mapiko, ma elytra amalumikizidwa.
Mitengo ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yayitali kapena yayifupi. Ntchafu zakwaniritsidwa, tibiae ndi yopyapyala, pali zikhadabo ziwiri kumapeto kwa Tarso. Mphutsi yowala ndi yotuwa, yamtundu, yopanda miyendo. Mutu nthawi zambiri umakhala wakuda kuposa thupi ndipo ulibe maso.
Amatchedwa mandibles okhala ndi m'mbali mwake. Pupa ndi woboola pakati; zoyambira pamutu, m'maso, ndi miyendo ya kachilomboka zimawonekera bwino. Mwa mitundu yambiri ya zazikazi, chachikazi chimakhala chachikulu kuposa chachimuna komanso chokwanira bwino.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
M'dziko lathu, ma weevils amakhala ku Russia konse kupatula madera akumpoto kwambiri. Nyengo yotentha + 20-30˚С imawerengedwa kuti ndi yabwino pachitukuko ndi kubereka. Weevil amakhala pafupi ndi mbewu zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya.
Chifukwa chake weevil amakhala pafupi ndi minda ya zipatso, njovu zapaini nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'nkhalango za coniferous. Masika, amatha kuwonekera pa namsongole omwe amadyetsa zisanatuluke.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timakhala akuluakulu kapena m'mimba mwa mphutsi ndi zinyalala, masamba, makungwa ndi malo ena otetezedwa. Akuluakulu okha ndi omwe amabisala m'nthaka. Poyamba kutentha + 7-9 теплаС, nyongolotsi zoyamba zimayamba kuoneka, koma kutuluka kochuluka kumachitika kutentha kukaposa 10˚С.
Akuluakulu ena amagwa pakadali pano ndipo amakhala m'nthaka nyengo yonse yotentha, amangowonekera pamwamba masika okhawo. M'nyengo yotentha, kafadala amadutsa nthawi yayitali pakukula. Weevil amakhala mobisa, atayikidwa m'mwamba usiku kapena nthawi yozizira.
Zakudya zabwino
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma weevils imagawidwa m'magulu molingana ndi mtundu wa chakudya. Weevil wobiriwira ndi chitsanzo cha polyphagia mu zakudya: imatha kukhazikika paminga, birch, mapulo, apulo ndi mbewu zina zambiri.
Moyo wa ma weevils ena, otchedwa. monophages amapezeka mumtundu womwewo. Chitsanzo ndi zipatso za thundu, akulu amadyetsa masamba a thundu, ndipo gawo la mphutsi limachitika mu mitengo yamtengo.
Weevil wa Strawberry amadyetsa ziwalo zam'mlengalenga za strawberries, komanso zimawononga raspberries, i.e. Zomera za banja lomwelo (oliphagy) zimakhala chakudya. Pali ma monophage omwe, asanawonekere mbewu zomwe amakhala, amadyetsa mbewu zina.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mphutsi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kususuka kwambiri, koma mboziyo imadya katatu kuposa wamkulu wamkulu. Ziwombankhanga zimawononga magawo osiyanasiyana azomera ndikuwononga kwambiri ulimi.
Matenda a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ali ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Masamba, zimayambira, nthambi, mizu ya zomera, masamba akugwa, zipatso, maluwa, mungu - uwu si mndandanda wathunthu wazomera zomwe zimadyedwa kachilomboka (saprophytes).
Mitundu ina imakonda nkhuni, ndipo mphutsi zawo zimadutsa maulendo ataliatali mkati mwa khungwalo. Saprophages amakonda mbali zowonongeka za zomera ndi nkhuni, amadyetsa mycelium wa bowa.
Nthawi zambiri, tizirombo tokhazikika pachomera zimawononga magawo ake osiyanasiyana: akulu amadyetsa masamba ndi maluwa, ndipo mphutsi zimaluma pa mizu. Ma Weevils nthawi zambiri amapanga galls (zophuka zoyipa) zazomera ndikukhalamo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Beevil kachilomboka imatha kuberekanso zogonana komanso zophatikizana. Weevil wobiriwira amatulutsa mazira achikazi potengera, ndipo weet weet ndi gawo limodzi.
Poyamba kutentha, kachilomboka kakang'ono kakang'ono, kamadzutsidwa pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira, kanayika mazira pafupi ndi beet. Mkazi amatha kuikira mazira kangapo pakati pa Epulo ndi Ogasiti. Mwa mitundu ina, munthu wamkulu amamwalira atayika mazira.
Mphutsi zimaswa pambuyo pa mwezi ndi theka ndizopepuka, zokhala ndi mutu wabulauni, wooneka ngati kachigawo, wosungunuka kangapo akamakula. Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko, amadyetsa mizu ya mbande zazing'ono, ndikuwononga mbewu. Akamakula, mphutsi zimafika pamunsi pa beet, ndikusokoneza chitukuko cha muzu.
Asanaphunzire, mphutsi imakonzekeretsa chipinda chapansi, pomwe imasilira pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri yakubadwa. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, achikulire amatuluka zilonda, zomwe, kutengera nyengo, zimauluka zisanachitike nyengo yozizira, zina mwazo zimakhalabe m'nthaka mpaka dzinja lotsatira.
Mitundu ya ziwombankhanga zomwe zimatulutsa ndikukhwima zimagwirizana ndi nyengo yawo yolumikizana ndi mawonekedwe a masamba kapena zipatso za zomera zomwe amayenera kuikira mazira. Kutalika kwa moyo wa weevil ndikosiyana pazifukwa zambiri. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa ina. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala osakwana amuna.
Anthu omwe amakhala m'nyengo yozizira amakhala ndi moyo wautali. Akuluakulu ena amalowa m'malo osambira ndipo sauluka nthawi yonse yotentha kufikira nyengo yotsatira. Nthawi ya moyo wa weevil imatha kuyambira miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo.
Momwe mungalimbane ndi strawberries komanso m'nyumba yamatabwa
Aliyense amakonda nyumba zamatabwa. Amakhala ofunda m'nyengo yozizira komanso ozizira nthawi yotentha, osavuta kupuma komanso omasuka kukhalamo. Tsoka ilo, mtengowu, monga chakudya, umakondedwa ndi tizirombo tambiri tambiri, umodzi mwa iwo ndi ma weevils.
Weevil wotchuka kwambiri ndi wowola. Buluu wofiirira, wokhala ndi mamilimita atatu okha kukula, amatha kuwononga nyumba ndi matabwa mosalembekanso.
Weevil modzipereka amadya ma conifers m'zipinda zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Zipatso za ntchito yake zimapezeka m'malo osambira, pansi pazenera, pamakonde ndi masitepe, m'zipinda zam'mwamba.
Weevil m'nyumba amachita zibowo m'nkhalango momwe amaikira mazira. Mphutsi zoswedwa zimadya mwachangu mbali zamkati mwa mtengowo, posakhalitsa chipika chonsecho chitha kukhala fumbi kuchokera mkati.
Njira yabwino yolimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi njira yothandizira nkhuni ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo pakumanga. Koma ngakhale atachita bwino, weevil angawoneke. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi tizilombo tikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu:
- kukhudzana (poizoni) - hexochlorane, dichlorvos;
- matumbo - mkuwa sulphate, sodium fluorosilicate, mafuta a creosote, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa;
- fumigants - sulfure dioxide, dichloroethane, sizikhala kwakanthawi, zimangotuluka mwachangu.
Kukonzekera kwa biocidal zochita zovuta "Zhuk" kumapangidwa. Ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu, m'pofunika kuyika antiseptic m'mabowo opangidwa ndi kafadala ndi syringe, kenako ndikuphimba ndi zomata zowopsa. Izi zimachitika kuti tizilombo tatsopano tisamawuluke.
Munda wamaluwa aliyense wokonda masewera omwe amalima sitiroberi amadziwa udzu wa sitiroberi (rasipiberi). Chikumbu chimakhala chaching'ono, 2-3 mm, chakuda, chili ndi chubu chachitali chopendekera pansi. Mpweya ukatentha mpaka 10-12 ° C, nyongolotsi zimadzuka kuthawa ndikuyamba kudya masamba a zipatso.
Pamene sitiroberi imalowa m'nyengo yotuluka, kachilomboka kakazi kakuboola phazi, kuyika dzira pamenepo, kenako ndikumaluma peduncle. Weevil wamkazi amatha kuwononga maluwa 50. Pambuyo maluwa a strawberries, kafadala amasamukira ku raspberries ndikupitiriza ntchito yawo yowononga.
Pali njira zambiri momwe mungachotsere kachilomboka... Mwa mankhwala, othandiza kwambiri ndi awa: Aktellik, Alatar, Fufanon-nova (analogue ya Karbofos). Mankhwala onsewa ndi owopsa ndipo ayenera kusamala akagwiritsa ntchito.
Posachedwa, kukonzekera kwachilengedwe Fitoverm kwawonekera, komwe, ngati kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera (kutentha kwa 20 ° C), kumaperekanso zotsatira zabwino. Odziwa ntchito zamaluwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba kuthana ndi tizilombo.
Kumayambiriro kwa masika, malo ozizira a kachilomboka amatayika ndi madzi otentha. Podziwa kuti weevil samalekerera fungo lamphamvu, amathirira mabedi ndi kulowetsedwa kwa adyo, chisakanizo cha zitsamba za celandine ndi peel anyezi, ndikuchiza ndi yankho la ammonia.
Zosangalatsa
Zimakhulupirira kuti weevilndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma ku Brazil ndi Australia, ziphuphu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha namsongole. Chifukwa chake, ku Australia, kachilomboka kakang'ono kamene kanateteza Nyanja ya Victoria ku nkhondo ya udzu woipa wotchedwa water hyacinth. Weevil adabweretsedwa ku Russia kuti akatsuke malo osungira udzu salvia, akulu ake ndi mphutsi zimatha kuwononga gawo lalikulu la chomera cham'madzi.
Asayansi apeza kuti miyendo ya weevil imalumikizidwa ndi thupi molingana ndi mfundo yolumikizira ndi nati. Pa miyendo pamakhala ulusi wofanana, womwe, titero, umakhala wolowa mthupi, womwe umapatsa kafadala kosuntha.
