Mbalame ya Indo-bakha kuthengo amatchedwa musk bakha. Inapeza dzinali chifukwa cha mafuta apadera obisidwa ndi achikulire omwe ali ndi fungo lofanana ndi fungo la musk. Kununkhira uku kumafanana ndi mtengo, wokoma pang'ono, zonunkhira pang'ono, kununkhira kwapadziko lapansi ndi madzi nthawi imodzi.
Amakhulupirira kuti dzina loti "musk" lidachokera ku fuko "Musca" - Amwenye akale omwe amakhala ku Colombia. Palinso kutanthauzira kwachitatu. M'mbuyomu, Russia idatchedwa Muscovy. Ndipo abakha awa anali oyamba kubweretsedwa ku Europe ndi kampani yaku England yochita malonda "Moscow Company" nthawi ya Elizabeth I. "Moscovy Bakha" adasandulika bakha wa musk.
Anali owetedwa kalekale ndi Aaziteki. Mwachidziwikire, izi zidachitika chaka cha 1553 chisanafike, ndipo mchaka chimenecho adatchulidwa koyamba m'buku "Mbiri ya Peru" ndi Pedro Cieza de Leone. Chiwembucho ndichizolowezi: Amwenye adazindikira, kuweta kapena kuweta, ndipo aku Spain ndi Portugal adadziwitsa dziko lonse lapansi.
Kenako anabweretsedwa ku Africa, kenako ku Ulaya, Asia, Australia ndi Russia. Ndiye iye anatchedwa wosalankhula mu Russia. Mbalameyi idabweretsedwa ku Soviet Union kawiri, mu 1981 kuchokera ku Germany, kenako mu 1988 kuchokera ku France. Ku USSR, munthu wowetedwa amatchulidwa M'nyumba.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mtundu wa mbalame iyi kuthengo nthawi zambiri umakhala wakuda, koma m'malo ena nthenga zoyera zimatsetsereka. Mbalame yakutchire chokongola kwambiri. Ndi chokulirapo kuposa chakutchire. Pali mitundu yakuda, yoyera, yakuda yoyera, yamapiko, ya buluu, mitundu ya chokoleti.
Mitundu yonse imaphatikizidwa monga muyezo. Palinso mitundu yosakanikirana, yomwe imatha kuwonetsa kupezeka kwa zosadetsedwa, komanso ndizololedwa ndi zikhalidwe. Mitunduyi idapangidwa osati chifukwa cha kuswana, koma pamtundu wa majini, poswana m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Pamutu, pamlomo ndi pamaso, amuna ndi akazi ali ndi zophuka zofiira ("warts" kapena "corals"). Pazifukwa zina, amakhulupirira kuti woimira bakha uyu adawoneka chifukwa chodutsa turkeys ndi abakha.
Mwinanso, mtundu uwu "umakwiyitsidwa" ndimatumba akulu ofiira pamutu wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Koma iye siwosakanizidwa ndipo alibe chochita ndi nkhukundembo. Ubale wake ndi iye ndi wofanana ndi mphalapala ndi mpheta - onse amakhala ndi nthenga. Mwinamwake iwo ali pachibale kokha ndi malo a dziko lakwawo - onsewo ndi ochokera ku America.
Mkazi wamkati pachithunzichi amafanana ndi barge yaing'ono yoyera. Ndiwosakhazikika komanso wosakhazikika. Mbalameyi ili ndi khosi lalifupi, chifuwa chachikulu, mapiko aatali komanso olimba, miyendo yayifupi. Kumbuyo kuli kolunjika ndi kotambalala. Mapikowo amalumikizana mwamphamvu ndi thupi.
Akuluakulu amatha kuwuluka. Drakes ali ndi zigamba zofiira pamatupi awo. Zapadera za mbalameyi ndizowonjezera kutentha ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Amuna ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa akazi. Mzimayi amalemera 3-3.5 kg, wamwamuna 4-6 kg.
Mitundu
Kusintha kwa bakha ndi bizinesi yovuta komanso yosokoneza. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti Aristotle adayamba kuphunzira. Ndipo amakakamizabe oyang'anira mbalame pazokambirana zasayansi. Bakha amakonda kusakanizidwa, chifukwa chake mawonekedwe atsopano amakhala.
Bakha wa muscovy amayima pambali pakusakanikirana uku, ngati kuti akusungabe chiyero cha kholo lawo. Mwachilengedwe, sichimasakanikirana ndi mitundu ina, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi kusankha kwapangidwe, mtundu umodzi wokhawo ndiomwe udatulutsidwa.
Kuchokera pakuwoloka kwa bakha wamwamuna wamwamuna ndi azimayi apakhomo a Peking, Rouen ndi White alier, ma hybrids apamwamba okhwima kwambiri awoneka, omwe onse amatchedwa "mulardy". Atenga mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri kuchokera kwa abambo ndi amayi.
Adapangidwa kuti akonze zina mwa "zolakwika" za Indo-wamkazi - kukula pang'ono, kutentha kwambiri, gulu laling'ono la akazi achikulire. Nyama yawo ndi yokoma, monga ya Amayi-Amayi, samakonda kunenepa kwambiri. Mulard amakhala odekha, amakhala oyera, ndipo amalemera mofulumira.
Pambuyo pa miyezi 2-2.5, amalemera mpaka 1.5 kg. Ichi ndi kale chitsanzo choyenera kukhazikitsa. Akuluakulu mulards amalemera mpaka 4 kg. Amanyamula mazira, koma samapereka ana. Iwo ndi osabala, monga pafupifupi onse a haibridi. Chibadwa chotsitsira sichimadziwika kwenikweni kuposa cha Amayi Amayi.
Tsatanetsatane wa gourmets: chiwindi cha haibridi uyu ndichachikulu kwambiri komanso chosakhwima kwambiri. M'mayiko aku Europe, komanso ku America, zambiri zama foie gras zimachokera ku mulard.
Indo-bakha yekha ndi wa banja la bakha la oda Anseriformes. Achibale ake amaphatikizapo atsekwe, ma brants, abakha, kuthamanga, ndi swans. Mukukumbukira bakha wonyansa? Nzosadabwitsa kuti anasokonezeka ndi bakha ali mwana. Atasandulika nsomba yokongola, adakhalabe m'banja la bakha. Abakha abulu, ma mallard, abakha oweta - awa ndi "amalume ndi azakhali" ake.
Bakha wa barberry ndi bakha wa musk. Amatchedwa ku France. Kuphatikiza pazogwiritsa ntchito nyama ndi mazira, mtima wake ndi chiwindi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira Oscillococcinum, mankhwala ochiritsira matenda am'chimfine.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mtunduwo
Choyamba, tiyeni tione mikhalidwe yawo yamtengo wapatali.
- Nyama yamphongo yamphongo ndiyowonda, imakoma kuposa ma mallard ndi abakha oweta. Nyama ilibe kukoma kwa mbalame zam'madzi. Ndi chakudya, chofiira, komanso mafuta ochepa.
- Sichosokosera kuposa abakha ena. Osatopetsa, wodekha poyerekeza ndi ake komanso anthu ena.
- Ndi wolimba mtima komanso wodzichepetsa, wosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda.
- Mungachite popanda posungira.
- Sankhani chakudya.
- Amadya chakudya chochepa kuposa abakha ena. Ndipo ngati pali madzi pafupi, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumachepetsedwa.
- Mazira abulu zodyedwa, ndi yolk yaikulu ndi mapuloteni wandiweyani. Amakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa mazira ochokera kwa abakha oweta ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali.
Zoyipa:
Mwinamwake, ali ndi vuto limodzi lokhalo - amakula kwa nthawi yayitali poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, ndikukhwima mochedwa. Ena amaganiza kuti kuchulukitsa kwa amayi ndi kuchuluka kwa bakha wachikazi wamkulu ndizovuta.
Pankhaniyi, titha kunena kuti mtundu wa nyamawo umalipira zolakwika zazing'ono zoterezi. Samalola kukhathamira ndi chinyezi, koma ngati mungaganize zokhala ndi zokongola zotere, muyenera kuzipatsa zinthu zabwinobwino. Chifukwa chake, izi sizabwino, ndi "wokwera" pomwepo.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
M'nyumba mbalame thermophilic, imapewa madzi ozizira. Imakula pang'onopang'ono kuposa bakha wa Peking. Konzani malowa kuti mulandire alendo musanagule. Mukazigula nthawi yachilimwe ndi chilimwe, mutha kuyika awnings kapena kufulumizitsa kupangidwa kwa nyumbayo poyipangitsa kuti igwere.
Denga lidzawatetezanso ku dzuwa, sakonda kutentha kwambiri. Abakha mwachilengedwe alibe mafuta ochulukirapo omwe amapezeka mwa anthu ena. Kunali kotentha m'dziko lakwawo. Chifukwa chake, pafupi ndi dzinja, muyenera kukonzekera bwino.
Mudzafunika nyumba yayikulu ya nkhuku. Iyenera kukhala yotentha mokwanira, yopepuka, yowuma komanso yotetezedwa ku nkhuku ndi nyama zina. Amakonda kuyenda kwambiri. Apangeni kukhala bwalo loyenda. Itha kukhala yocheperako kawiri kuposa nyumbayo. Apa atenga "sunbathing". Malowa ayenera kutchingidwa ndi mpanda wawung'ono, ndikutidwa ndi ukonde pamwamba kuchokera kwa alendo osayitanidwa.
Amayi m'nyumba m'nyumba zitha kupezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ngati mukulephera kupanga nyumba yayikulu, mutha kuyika mbalamezo mosiyanasiyana. Amapangidwa ndi matabwa ndi matabwa achitsulo.
Maselo amaikidwa m'modzi m'modzi, ndiye samatenga malo ambiri. Khoma lakumbuyo la khola liyenera kuchepetsedwa kuposa loyambalo. Denga la khola lakumunsi nthawi imodzi limakhala ngati thireyi kumtunda.
Muli ndi nyumba ya nkhuku. Ngati malo alola, pangani chimbudzi cha atsikana a Indo pakona yakutali. Bwezerani gawo lina pansi ndi lathyathyathya. Dera la chimbudzi limatha kukhala 2/3 ya bakha wonse. Ngati mwanzeru mumayika pazingwe, zidzakhala zosavuta kuchotsa ndowe.
M'nyumba, ndibwino kuti muike zofunda zakuya, zosasinthika. Mutha kugula kapena kupanga nokha. Tsiku lililonse, abakha atatuluka, yeretsani ndowe ndikuziphimba ndi utuchi watsopano, udzu wodulidwa kapena matabwa a matabwa.
Ndi bwino kuwonjezera peat. Izi zithetsa mavuto angapo: njira zamankhwala zamankhwala zimachitika nthawi zonse, zomwe zimatsagana ndi kutulutsa kwa kutentha. Mumapeza batiri lachilengedwe.
Njira zomwezo zidzasokoneza mabakiteriya oyambitsa matenda. Chinyezi chowonjezera chimachotsedwa ndi laimu mwa kukonkha patsogolo pa chip wosanjikiza chatsopano. Sinthani zinyalala kawiri pachaka.
Makonzedwe amkati amnyumba ya nkhuku ayenera kukhala ndi:
- Odyetsa. Wood imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pouma chakudya, chitsulo - zosakaniza.
- Zakumwa zomwera. Amakonda kumwa kwambiri, amafuna madzi kuyambira ali aang'ono. Onetsetsani kuti bakha wamizidwa m'madzi mulomo.
Chowonjezera chofunikira: odyetsa ndi omwera akuyenera kukonzedwanso nthawi ndi nthawi kuti zinyalala zowazungulira ziume.
- Zisa. Ayenera kuikidwa pansi, okutidwa ndi udzu wouma kapena udzu. Sinthani mukayamba kuda, mazira ayenera kukhala owuma komanso oyera. Mutha kuyika nyumba pamalo otsika, masentimita 10 kuchokera pansi.
M'nyengo yozizira, musalole kuti alowe m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe ndi zolengedwa zotentha kwambiri, zimatha kutenga chimfine. Kuphatikiza apo, nthenga zawo zimatha kuundana chifukwa cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tambiri. Sambani pabwalo, makamaka pazinthu zonyezimira zosiyanasiyana.
Itha kukhala zotchingira magalasi, misomali, zidutswa zachitsulo, ndipo bakha amakhala wokonda chidwi ndipo amameza chilichonse chomwe chimanyezimira. Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi kakulidwe kabwino ka nyama zazing'ono, kuti abakha anu asadwale, ndipo ngati simukufuna kutaya, yesani kutsatira malangizowa.
Zakudya zabwino
Amadyetsa zakudya zamasamba ndi nyama. Ndibwino kupanga chakudya ngati kusakaniza konyowa. Mumadula bwino udzu, nsonga zatsopano, zitsamba, zinyalala zapakhomo, sakanizani zonse, onjezani njere - ndipo phala lakonzeka. Amakonda kudya chimanga.
Asanachitike, choti kudyetsa Indo-bakha barele, uyenera kuyamba kuinyika, ndiyeno utumikire ndi zakumwa zambiri. Iwo okha amatha kutenga tizilombo ndi mphutsi kuchokera ku dziwe lomwe lilipo kale. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti pakhale dziwe laling'ono pafupi. Kapena uzikumbe wekha.
Mukamadyetsa, tsatirani malamulo ena:
- Osamadyetsa chakudya chotentha kwambiri, ngakhale nyengo yozizira muyenera kuziziritsa chakudya kutentha.
- Osapereka chakudya chochuluka nthawi imodzi, makamaka ngati muli nacho ndi abakha ena. Musalole kumenyana pakati pawo. Sungani bwino pazakudya, kuphatikiza mchere wamafuta, samalani kupezeka kwa madzi.
- Onjezerani mavitamini pazakudya zanu. Amafuna mavitamini a magulu A, C, B, D, E, K, ndi H.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Bakha wamtundu wa muscovy amakhala ndi mazira 7-8 pa clutch. Amawafungatira pafupifupi milungu isanu. Ngakhale, angati ma indowits amakhala pamazira, amatha kuwerengedwa mpaka tsikulo. Masiku 35 ndi nthawi yofala kwambiri.
Bakha ali ndi chibadwa chotukuka kwambiri cha amayi, amachita nawo makulitsidwe achisangalalo kotero kuti pakadali pano amathanso kuikira mazira kuchokera ku abakha ena kapena nkhuku, atsekwe, turkeys, monga chofungatira kunyumba. Iye aswa iwo mosakaika. Nthawi zambiri samakhala wotsutsana komanso wosagwirizana.
Avereji yopanga dzira ndi mazira 70-120 pachaka. Achinyamata ali ndi zaka 10-11 amafika polemera pafupifupi wamkulu. Bakha amkati pafupifupi onse amaswa kamodzi. M'nyengo yozizira, amayenera kuchotsedwa kwa amayi awo pasanathe theka la ola ndikuwayika m'bokosi lofunda, apo ayi atha kuzizira.
Mwana akakula, amayi amamuyendetsa nthawi yayitali, kuwasamalira ndi kuwaphunzitsa. Indoyut ili ndi zina zomwe muyenera kudziwa. Ngati abakha osakwanitsa miyezi iwiri akusungidwa kwambiri, amatha kuwonetsa nkhanza komanso kudya anzawo. Ndikofunika kupewa izi munthawi yake.
Abakha akunyumba amataya mwayi wawo wobereka akafika zaka 7. Kupanga mazira kumachepetsanso panthawiyi. Koma ngati mudakwanitsa kukondana ndi mbalame yochenjera iyi - sungani ngati zokongoletsera, imakhala zaka 20.
Mtengo
Kuswana m'nyumba - bizinesi yopindulitsa, ndiye pali oweta ambiri. Muyenera kusankha yomwe yakhazikika pamsika uwu. Kwenikweni, amagula mbalameyi kuti adzadye nyama yokoma komanso yathanzi mtsogolo. Izi ndizolondola, chifukwa ngati mutalemba mndandanda wazinthu zabwino zanyama, zidzakhala motere:
- Zakudya za calorie - 260-270 kcal pa 100 g
- Nyama imakhala ndi omega 3 acid athanzi
- Kupezeka kwa mavitamini a B omwe amapindulitsa minofu mu nyama sizosadabwitsa. Kupatula apo, nyama ya mbalamezi ndi nyama yolimba. Mulinso mavitamini A, E ndi K. Kuchokera apa zikuwonekeratu kuti ndizothandiza kwa anthu omwe amachita nawo masewerawa.
- Zomwe zili ndi mchere monga calcium, potaziyamu, magnesium ndi zinc. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti nyama ndi yofunika kwa odwala mtima, odwala matenda oopsa komanso okalamba.
- Pali mafuta ochepa kwambiri, choncho ndizoyenera kudya ngati zakudya.
- Ndiwothandiza kwambiri kuposa Turkey, wolemera kuposa nkhuku komanso wachifundo kuposa bakha.
- Mafuta oyenera, mapuloteni ndi amino acid.
- Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol
- Pafupifupi hypoallergenic, ndizosowa zochepa zokhazokha zomwe zimachitika munyama iyi.
- Ngati tilingalira zaumbuyo, nyama yamkaka wa Indo ndiyoyenera kwa onse ashuga komanso anthu omwe ali ndi kuchepa kwa magazi, komwe kumakhala kosakanikirana nako.
Komabe, chenjezo liyeneranso kupangidwa: Nyama yamphongo yamkati ikutsutsana:
- Mavuto ndi dongosolo la kwamikodzo.
- Ndi gout
- Mavuto ndi mundawo m'mimba
- Pazovuta zachilendo, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.
Zikupezeka kuti maubwino amtunduwu ndioposa kuvulaza. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizovulaza anthu omwe amakakamizidwa kutsatira zakudya chifukwa chakudwala. Zatsala kuti muwonjezere bajeti yomwe mukufuna kuti mubereketse mbalame zodabwitsa izi.
Ngati mungaganize zogulira nkhuku zazing'ono kwambiri, mtengo wake uli pafupifupi ma ruble 150-250, kutengera dera. Ngati abakha achichepere ali azaka 5 zakubadwa - mtengo wake ndi 450-500 ruble iliyonse. Indo-Duck wamkulu amachokera ku ruble 800 mpaka 1000. Akazi amawononga ndalama kuchokera ku ruble 600. *
Ndipo "moyo wa moyo": momwe mungasankhire nyama ya Indo-wamkazi pamsika. Iyenera kukhala yopanda zikwangwani zachikaso, zotayirira komanso kuwonongeka. Khungu liyenera kukhala la beige, lolimba, losakanirira kapena louma. Kununkhiza, kununkhira sikungakhale kosasangalatsa.
Msinkhu woyenera wa mbalame yakufa ndi miyezi 5-7. Msinkhu wachinyamata ukhoza kuzindikiridwa ndi zikhasu zachikaso, mlomo wofewa ndi mafuta owonekera pansi pa mchira. Nyama zamkati zimalipira 350 rubles / kg. * (* Mitengo ndi ya June 2019)
