Wodya mavu wochokera kubanja la nkhamba amapezeka ku Europe ndi kumadzulo kwa Asia. Wodyera masana wosawerengeka amakonda kuwononga zisa za mavu ndikudya mphutsi, ndichifukwa chake dzina la mbalame lidakhalapo. Komanso, chilombocho amakonda mphutsi za njuchi, bumblebees, kafadala, amphibians, makoswe ndi mbalame zazing'ono.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Wodya mavu Nyama yayikulu kwambiri yokhala ndi mapiko opapatiza komanso mchira wautali. Pamphumi ndi pamaso, pali nthenga zazifupi zazing'ono zomwe zimafanana ndi mamba a nsomba. Kumbuyo kwake kumakhala kofiirira, pamimba pamakhalanso bulauni, nthawi zina amasandulika kuwala.
Thupi la mbalameyi limakongoletsedwa ndi mizere yozungulira komanso yopingasa. Nthenga zouluka zimakhala ndi mitundu ingapo: pafupifupi yakuda pamwambapa, pansipa - kuwala kokhala ndi zolemba zakuda. Nthenga za mchira zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima itatu yakuda mopingasa - iwiri kumunsi ndi ina kumtunda kwa mchira.
Pali anthu amtundu wa mono, nthawi zambiri bulauni. Maso a nyama yolusa amakhala ndi irises wonyezimira kapena lalanje. Mlomo wakuda ndi zikhadabo zakuda pamiyendo yachikaso. Mbalame zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mutu wowala komanso wowala kumbuyo.
Mitundu ya mavu
Kuphatikiza pa wakudya wamba wa mavu, wakudya (kum'mawa) wakudya mavu amapezekanso m'chilengedwe. Mtundu uwu ndi wokulirapo kuposa wakudya wamba wa mavu 59-66 cm, wolemera kuchokera ku magalamu 700 mpaka kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka, mapiko ake mkati mwa masentimita 150-170. Nape imakutidwa ndi nthenga zazitali ngati mawonekedwe. Mdima wakuda wakuda, khosi loyera wokhala ndi mzere wopapatiza wakuda.
Amuna ali ndi chizindikiro chofiira pamchira wawo ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yakuda. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala akuda, okhala ndi mutu wabulauni komanso mchira wachikaso. Pali mikwingwirima 4-6 kumchira. Achinyamata onse amafanana ndi akazi, kenako kusiyana kumakula. Mitundu yamtunduwu imapezeka kumwera kwa Siberia ndi Far East, kumadzulo kwa Salair ndi Altai. Amadyetsa mavu ndi cicadas.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Zakudya za mavu ku Sweden kumpoto chakum'mawa mpaka ku Ob ndi Yenisei ku Siberia, kumwera kwa Nyanja ya Caspian kumalire ndi Iran. Wodya mavu ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka zomwe zimazizira kumadzulo ndi pakati pa Africa. Mu Ogasiti-Seputembara, nyama zolusa pagulu zimapita kumayiko otentha. Wodya mavu amabwerera ku chisa masika.
Wodya mavu amakhala m'nkhalango, amakonda nkhalango yowuma komanso yopepuka, yodula yomwe ili pamtunda wa 1 km pamwamba pa nyanja, pomwe pali chakudya chambiri chofunikira. Amakonda madambo otseguka, mathithi ndi zitsamba.
Malo okhala ndi madera omwe ali ndiulimi wotukuka nthawi zambiri amapewa mavu, ngakhale sawopa anthu akamasaka mavu akutchire. Malinga ndi mboni zowona, wakudya mavu uja akupitilizabe kukhala pansi ndikutsata nyama, osasamala za munthuyo.
Amuna ndiamakani kwambiri ndipo amateteza madera awo, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala 18-23 sq.m. Akazi amakhala m'dera lalikulu, 41-45 sq.m., koma azindikira mokwanira alendo. Katundu wawo atha kudalirana ndi malo a anthu ena.
Kawirikawiri, pamtunda wa 100 sq.m. osapitirira atatu awiria chisa. Wodya mavu pachithunzicho ndiwokoma komanso wokongola: mbalameyi imatambasula mutu ndikupereka khosi patsogolo. Mapikowo amafanana ndi kakuyenda uku akuuluka. Chikhalidwe cha mbalamechi ndichinsinsi, chisamaliro. Sizovuta kuziona, kupatula munthawi zandege zanyengo, kukwerana ndi maulendo akumwera.
Paulendo wapaulendo, amasonkhana m'magulu a anthu pafupifupi 30, kupumula limodzi ndikupitanso pandege. Nthawi zina zimauluka zokha m'nyengo yozizira ndipo sizidya paulendowu, pokhala okhutira ndi mafuta omwe amapezeka m'nyengo yotentha.
Zakudya zabwino
Odya mavu amakhala kwakanthawi kochepa akuthawa, chifukwa amadya nthambi ndi nthaka. Chilombocho chimabisala munthambi za mitengo ndikudikirira kuti mavu auluke. Mbalameyi imafufuza chibowo mu chisa cha pansi pa nthaka, imamira pansi ndikutulutsa mphutsi ndi zikhadabo zake ndi milomo yake.
Zisa pamwamba mavu mbalame komanso kuba. Imagwira mavu owuluka, koma isanameze, imatulutsa mbola. Nyamayo imadyetsa ana ake ndi mphutsi zodzaza ndi mapuloteni ndi michere. Wodya mavu ndi wodekha pofufuza chakudya. Mungakhale chete kwa nthawi yayitali. Patsiku, wakudya mavu amafunika kupeza zisa zisanu za mavu, ndi mwana wake - mpaka chikwi.
Ziphuphu ndi mphutsi ndizofunikira kwambiri, koma popeza kuchuluka kwake sikupezeka nthawi zonse, mavu amayenera kukhala okhutira ndi abuluzi, kafadala, nyongolotsi, akangaude, ziwala, makoswe, achule, zipatso zakutchire ndi zipatso. Anthu aku Britain adamupatsa dzina la khungubwe kuti "Honey Buzzard", koma uku ndikumvetsetsa. Mbalameyi imakonda mavu, sagwiritsa ntchito njuchi, ndipo samadya uchi ngakhale pang'ono.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Odya mavu amakhala okhaokha ndipo amapanga awiri okha nthawi yonse yomwe adakhalapo. Nyengo yokwanira imayamba patadutsa milungu itatu kuchokera kumadera akumwera. Nthawi yovina yafika: yamphongo imawuluka mmwamba, imagunditsa mapiko ake kumbuyo kwake ndikubwerera pansi. Mavu akudya chisa kumanga pamwamba, pamitengo 10-20 m kuchokera pansi.
Ngakhale kuti odyetsa mavu amakonda nkhalango, amakonda madambo otseguka pafupi. Kuika mazira kumachitika m'mwezi wa Meyi, kotero nthambi zazing'ono zomwe zili ndi masamba zimakhala zomangira. Nthambi ndi nthambi zimapanga tsinde, ndipo kuchokera mkati zonse zimafalikira ndi masamba ndi udzu kuti anthu ang'onoang'ono azibisala pangozi.
Chisa chimakhala chachikulu masentimita 60. Odya mavu amatha kukhala mchisa chimodzimodzi nyengo zambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zisa zimakhala zolimba ndipo zimakhala zaka zambiri. Kawirikawiri, akazi amatenga mazira awiri bulauni masiku angapo, nthawi yosungunuka imakhala masiku 34-38. Zonse zazimuna ndi zazimuna zimakwiririra zowomberazo motsatana.
Masabata oyamba atadulidwa, bambo amakhalabe yekhayo wosamalira banja, ndipo mkazi amawotha chisa nthawi zonse. Kuyambira sabata lachitatu, makolo onse amapeza chakudya mkati mwa utali wopitilira 1000 m kuchokera pachisa. Anapiye amadyetsedwa ndi mphutsi ndi ziphuphu. Makolo amadyetsa anapiye akhanda masiku 18.
Kenako anawo amaphunzira kudziyimira pawokha: iwowo amathyola zisa ndikudya mphutsi. Pambuyo masiku 40, amayamba kutenga mapiko, koma akulu amawadyetsabe. Pofika Ogasiti, anapiyewo amakula ndikukula. Odya mavu nthawi zambiri amauluka motsika, koma ndegeyo ndiyabwino, yosunthika. Pafupifupi onse omwe amadya mavu amakhala zaka 30.
Liwu lakudya mavu
Liwu lakudya mavu zikumveka zachilendo, "kiii-ee-ee" kapena mwachangu "ki-kki-ki". Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimakhala chete, koma pakakhala ngozi, nthawi yakumasirana, zimatha kupereka mawu.
Zosangalatsa
- Kwa nyengo yozizira, odyera mavu amakonda kukhazikika m'malo omwe ali ndi mpumulo wofanana ndi wa kukaikira mazira.
- Wodya mavu ndi mbalame yosowa kwambiri ndipo ambiri amachita chidwi ngati wakudya mavu ali mu Red Book kapena ayi. Inde, mavu adatchulidwa mu Red Book Dera la Tula.
- Pakusaka, mbalamezi zimangokhala osayima pama nthambi. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri azakuthambo adakwanitsa kukonza wakudya mavu, yemwe adakhala wopanda mayendedwe amodzi kwa maola awiri mphindi makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri.
- Pafupifupi anthu pafupifupi zikwi zana limodzi omwe amadya mavu chaka chilichonse amawulukira ku Gibraltar, kupita ku Africa, ndi ena zikwi makumi awiri ndi zisanu - kudutsa Bosphorus. Mbalamezi zimasonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimatha zikafika.
- Anapiye, akukula, okha amatulutsa mphutsi kuzisa, zomwe makolo awo amanyamula ndikuyesera molimbika kotero kuti nthawi zina amadula zisa zawo.
- Chifukwa chiyani mavu ndi mahule samaopa mavu? Chinsinsicho chili ndi nthenga zapadera, zomwe, zazing'ono, zowirira, zowirira komanso zopindika, zimapanga zida zolimba, zomwe sizophweka kuyandikira. Mbola za mavu ndi njuchi zilibe mphamvu patsogolo pa chivundikiro cha nthenga, ndipo tizilombo timalandidwa zida zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, nthenga za mbalameyi zimakutidwa ndi mafuta omwe amatsitsa mavu ndi njuchi. Sangathe kuluma lilime lawo: mbalame, zisanadye njuchi, zimachotsa mbola zawo.
- Wodya mavu ndiye cholengedwa chokhacho chomwe chimadya pa Vespa mandarinie hornets. Ndi tizirombo tambiri toopsa kwambiri tomwe tili ndi poyizoni wambiri komanso mbola yakuthwa ya 6 mm.
- Kawirikawiri odyera mavu amamanga zisa zawo pamwamba pa wina, mwachitsanzo, khwangwala. Zimakhala zazitali zomwe zimakhala ngati nyumba kwazaka zingapo.
- Popeza mavu ndi cholengedwa chobisalira, palibe m'modzi mwa asayansi-akatswiri a mbalame kwa nthawi yayitali yemwe angatsimikizire kuti mbalameyi idadya mavu. Panali nthano chabe ndi mphekesera. Ndipo zaka zingapo zapitazo gulu la akatswiri odziwa kuyimba mbalame ku Japan lidakwanitsa kudziwonera lokha ndikulemba momwe wakudya mavu amawonongera chisa cha ma hornet. Zinatenga asayansi pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu kuti adzaigwire.
- Mwamwayi, mu ukapolo, wakudya mavu amatha kudya chakudya wamba. Chifukwa chake, kumalo osungira nyama, ndichizolowezi kudyetsa odyetsa mavu ndi nyama, kanyumba tchizi, maapulo ndi mazira. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimaphatikizidwa. Kuchokera ku tizilombo, njoka, mphemvu, zoophobes ndi ozunza amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Khalidwe la mavu ndilosokonekera, m'malo mopepuka. Kuchedwa kwachilengedwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kuti wakudya mavu amayenera kutsata nyama yayitali kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuzizira pamalo amodzi osasuntha kwa maola angapo.
- Odya mavu amakhalanso ndi tiziromboti timakonda kudya naye nkhomaliro lokoma. Anthu am'mudzimo atangoyang'ana pomwe katatu zidatulutsa mphutsi za mavu kuchokera kuzisa.
- Kachirombo kamutu ka odya maubweya omwe amangokhalira amangokhalira kusangalala, ndipo mwachizolowezi sikasiyana kwambiri ndi wakudya wamba wa mavu.
- Wodya mavu siowopsa kwa oweta njuchi, chifukwa samasaka njuchi zoweta. Amangodya njuchi ndi mavu kuthengo, makamaka pansi.
- Wodya mavu, wouma poyembekezera nyama, saopa anthu. Akakumana ndi munthu, amapitilizabe kukhala pansi ndikuwonetsetsa nyama yake.
- Mwana wankhuku wonyekemera amadya osachepera magalamu 100 a chakudya patsiku. • Pofuna kudyetsa mwana wankhuku mmodzi, makolo ayenera kupeza mphutsi zosachepera chikwi.
- Pa nyengo yodyetsa, iliyonse wakudya mavu imadya mphutsi zochuluka pafupifupi makilogalamu asanu, zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi mphutsi makumi asanu.
- Nthawi zambiri pamakhala anapiye awiri mwa ana, omwe makolo amayenera kuwononga zisa zosachepera zisanu ndi chimodzi tsiku lililonse.
- Makolo amapindula pafupifupi makilomita zikwi makumi awiri tsiku lililonse, akuuluka kuchokera pachisa kupita kumalo olandirako nyama ndi zina.
- Odya mavu nthawi zambiri amasaka awiriawiri: m'modzi amakhala pafupi, atcheru, ndipo winayo "amagwira ntchito" - kuwononga chisa cha ma hornet.
- Pofuna kuopseza adani, odyetsa mavu amachita ntchito yolemetsa: amachita ndowe zazing'ono mpaka kutali ndi chisa.
- Mavu ali ndi iwiri - mbalame yofanana nayo - khungubwe. Mchira wa mavu ndi wautali, pamakhala nthenga pamatumba komanso kuwuluka kokongola, kosunthika. Khungubwe limapezeka kwambiri, lomwe limapezeka ku Russia ndi nkhalango ndi zitunda zambiri.
Nthawi zambiri anthu amalakwitsa poganiza choncho wakudya mavu - mdani woipitsitsa. Alenjewo atazindikira kuti wakudya mavu pa kalulu wakufa adaganiza kuti wamupha ndipo tsopano akudya. Pamene m'mimba mwa mbalame yomwe idapha idatsegulidwa, adangopeza ntchentche zokhazokha.
Wodya mavu wina adawombeledwa poyenda anapiye achichepere. Amakhulupirira kuti mavu amadya ma pheasants achichepere. Komabe, pachabe: wakudya mavu amafunikira ziwala zokha ... Wodya mavu Ndi mbalame yosangalatsa kwambiri, yosawerengeka yomwe imakhala m'magulu awiri okha. Mulibe vuto lililonse kwa anthu chifukwa chake sizomveka kuwononga.
