Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kulik tayi Ndi am'banja lamatumba, ma genus plovers ndipo amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yamadzi akuya komanso yaying'ono, nyanja zazikulu ndi zazing'ono ndi madzi ena. Amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yaying'ono yosamuka.
Chimango - mbalame kukula pang'ono. Kutalika kwake sikufika kupitirira masentimita 20, ndipo kulemera kwake kumasinthasintha mozungulira ma g 80. Ngakhale zili zochepa, tayi ili ndi malamulo owoneka bwino kwambiri. Zambiri zosangalatsa komanso mapiko a mapiko, zizindikilo zimatha kufikira 50-60 cm.
Mtundu wa anthu okhwima ndi wotuwa, wokhala ndi mawu ofiira apadziko lapansi, mimba ndi khosi ndizoyera, ndipo mzere wakuda pakhosi umaonekera bwino ndi tayi. Palinso nthenga zakuda pamutu - pafupi ndi mlomo ndi maso. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mlomo wa sandpiper: m'nyengo yozizira imazimiririka ndikukhala imvi, nthawi zina imakhala yakuda, ndipo nthawi yotentha, m'malo mwake, nsonga yokha imakhalabe yakuda, ndipo yambiri imasanduka mtundu wachikaso wowala. Mapazi amakhalanso achikaso, nthawi zina zolemba za lalanje kapena zofiira zimakhalapo.
Pakubzala, yamphongo imakhala ndi nthenga zoyera kumapeto kwake, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zikuphwanya mkanda wakuda wakuda pamutu ndikusandutsa chigoba. Cholimba chachikazi ndi nthenga zake sichitsalira champhongo ndipo chimafanana kwambiri ndi iye, kupatula mtundu wamakutu.
Mosiyana ndi yamphongo, yomwe nthenga zawo m'derali ndizakuda, mwa akazi zimakhala zofiirira. Achinyamata ndi ofanana ndi achikulire, koma osati owala kwambiri. Mawanga awo akuda ndi abulauni m'malo wakuda.
Kusuntha kwa tayi, monga anthu ena ochokera pamtundu wa ma plovers, kumakhala kwachangu, mwachangu, komanso nthawi zina mosayembekezereka. Mbalameyi ikauluka pamwamba penipeni pamtunda modutsa mosakhazikika, imapanga zikwapu zamphamvu, ngati kuti ikugudubuzana kuchokera kuphiko kupita kuphiko lina. Tayiyo ndiyokwera kwambiri komanso yovuta. Kuyimba kwake kumafanana ndi lakuthwa, kenako mluzu wofewa.
Mitundu
Pali ma subspecies atatu osiyana amaloledwa kutengera kapangidwe, utoto ndi malo. Chifukwa chake, subspecies Grayet Gray idakhazikika ku Southeast Asia, Hiaticula Linnaeus tayi amakhala kumpoto kwa Asia, Europe ndi Greenland, Semipalmatus Bonaparte plover imawoneka ku America.
Zowoneka, subspecies za mbalameyi ndizofanana kwambiri. Payokha, ndikuyenera kuwunikira taye ya membranous kapena, monga amatchedwa owonera mbalame, Charadrius Hiaticula. Mbalame yamphongoyi imakhala ndi zotupa, pomwe ma khosi ena amagawaniza zala zawo. Kuluka kwa mbalame sikutanthauza, koma amalankhula za kulumikizana kwapadera pakati pa mbalame ndi madzi. Mosiyana ndi abale ake ambiri, chimangacho sichimangosambira bwino kokha, komanso chimapeza chakudya chake m'madzi.
Palinso mitundu yam'madzi yam'madzi, yotchedwa Charadrius Alexandrinus. Dzinalo limabisala mbali yake yayikulu - moyo pagombe lotseguka. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, taye yam'nyanja imakhala ndi utoto wofiyira, milomo ndi zikhasu ndi zakuda.
Mwanayo si wamkulu kuposa mpheta wamba ndipo ali ndi mzere wachikaso pafupi ndi maso - Charadrius placidus kapena mtundu wa Ussuri - amasankha mabanki amiyala kuti azikhalamo.
Mitengo yocheperako (Charadrius Dubius) imapezeka pagombe lamchenga. Izi ndiye zoyimira kwambiri tayi.
Plover wopanga phokoso (Charadrius vociferus), woimira wamkulu wamtundu wake. Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kufikira masentimita 26 chifukwa cha mchira wautali wopindika. Kugawidwa ku America.
Nthenga za mbalame yachikasu yotchedwa Charadrius melodus ndi yofiira. Miyendo mu kamvekedwe - chikasu. Mtundu wachilengedwewu umapangitsa tayi kukhala yosaoneka. Mbalame yachikasu imapezeka pagombe lamchenga m'nyanja ya Atlantic, ku USA ndi Canada. Mbalame yosamuka imasankha Gulf of Mexico ndi American South Coast nyengo yachisanu.
Plover yamizeremizere itatu (Charadrius tricollaris) imasiyana ndi anzawo ngati kulibe imodzi, koma mikwingwirima iwiri yakuda pachifuwa, komanso kupindika kofiira kwa maso ndi kumunsi kwa mlomo wowonda.
Mbalame yofiira kwambiri (Charadrius ruficapillus) ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha nthenga zake zofiira pamutu pake ndi m'khosi. Habitat - madambo ku Australia ndi New Zealand.
Mongolian plover (Charadrius mongolus) ili ndi nthenga zofiirira kumbuyo kwake komanso kuwala, ngakhale koyera, pamimba. A Mongol amakhala kum'mawa kwa Russia. Amakonda chisa ku Chukotka ndi Kamchatka, komanso amasankha zilumba za Commander Islands.
Caspian Plover (Charadrius asiaticus) yokhala ndi chifuwa cha lalanje yawonedwa m'malo okhala ndi dothi, zipululu zamchenga ku Central Asia, kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Caspian.
Charadrius leschenaultii ndi pluver yayikulu, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti plover yolimba, komanso munthu wamkulu kwambiri wolemera mpaka 100 g. Chodziwika bwino cha mtundu uwu ndikusintha kwamitundu pakasungunuka pamitundu yofiira mpaka imvi. Mitunduyi imapezeka nthawi zambiri ku Turkey, Syria ndi Jordan, komanso kumapululu otseguka komanso malo amiyala ku Armenia, Azerbaijan ndi Kazakhstan.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Malo okhala plover sadziwika. Amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Amapezeka pakati pa Russia komanso kumwera kwa dzikolo. Tayiyo imachitika kum'mawa kwa Russia komanso kumpoto. Izi ndichifukwa choti tayi ndi mbalame yakunyanja. Amakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa madzi oyera komanso amchere amchere, ndipo pali malo otere ku Russia.
Zisa zalembedwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Baltic ndi North Seas, m'mabeseni a Ob, Taz, ndi Yenisei. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zimapezeka ku Europe konse, mwachitsanzo, ku Mediterranean, pagombe la Spain, Italy, komanso ku Sardinia, Sicily ndi zilumba za Balearic.
Tayiyo inafika ku North America. Pofika nyengo yozizira, mahatchi amapita ku Africa kumwera kwa Sahara, kupita ku Middle East - Arabia Peninsula ndi Asia, China, komwe amakhala mpaka masika.
Zakudya zabwino
Chakudya cha mbalame chimadalira nyengo komanso malo okhala. Magombe a mitsinje, nyanja kapena nyanja, kaya ndi mchenga kapena timiyala tambiri, todzaza ndi zochitika zenizeni kwa mbalame zam'madzi: tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, arthropods, crustaceans, ang'onoang'ono molluscs. Kutengera ndi nyengo, chakudya chimodzi chimakhala chachikulu. Nthawi yomweyo, mangani osaka m'mbali mwa nyanja, m'mphepete mwa madzi, samalowa m'madzi kawirikawiri.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Zomangira zimadziwika chifukwa chokhala ndi banja limodzi. Amapanga awiriawiri pakukhalira mazira, koma amatha kugawana ndi anzawo nthawi yachisanu, komabe, pofika masika ndikubwerera kumaiko odziwika bwino, amalumikizananso. Masewera okwatirana amayamba ndi tayi masika m'malo otchedwa apano.
Akazi amabwerera milungu ingapo m'mbuyomo. Nthawi yomwe ilipo nthawi zambiri imakhala mpaka theka la mwezi. Nthawi imeneyi, mbalame zimakonda kupanga awiriawiri. Monga momwe zimakhalira mu mbalame zina, izi zimachokera kwa amuna. Amakhala moimilira mwapadera ndikupanga mawu omveka bwino.
Zonsezi zimauza akazi mozungulira kukonzeka kwamphongo kwa kukwatira. Zazikazi, nawonso, zimayankha mayendedwewo podutsa mwachimuna mwachangu, ndikukoka m'khosi. Kuvina uku kumabwerezedwa kangapo. Pambuyo pawiri, kukumba zisa zabodza kumayambira. Chisa chimapangidwa pafupi ndi malo odyetsera.
Omanga matayala amakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja pafupi ndi madzi, ndikupanga nyumba pafupi, koma m'malo ouma, pamapiri. Kuwotcha nyumba si ntchito ya mkazi, koma udindo wamwamuna mwachindunji. Mangani chisa ndi dzenje laling'ono. Fossa imatha kupangidwa mwachilengedwe, kapena mwanzeru, mwachitsanzo, kukhala njira yanyama yayikulu.
Pazinthu zopangidwa mwaluso, opanga tayi amagwiritsa ntchito tizigoba tating'ono, zipolopolo, timiyala. Mbalame zimazungulira malire a chisa nawo, koma sizikuphimba pansi ndi chilichonse. Mkazi amaikira mazira ang'onoang'ono asanu, pafupifupi masentimita atatu. Mtundu wa chipolopolocho, kuyambira beige mpaka imvi ndi mawanga akuda, chimapangitsa kuti mazirawo asawonekere kumbuyo kwa mchenga ndi miyala.
Dzira lililonse limayikidwa pafupifupi kamodzi patsiku. Chifukwa chake, zowalamulira zonse zimatenga pafupifupi sabata. Kutulutsa mazira kumatenga mwezi. Osati kokha akazi omwe amatenga nawo gawo, komanso amuna - kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi! Kudikirira ana, ma tie-matimu amasinthana nthawi iliyonse masana kapena usiku, makamaka nyengo yovuta.
Ngati chisa chidagwidwa kapena ana a tayiwo sanapulumuke pazifukwa zina, awiriwa amayesanso. Pakati pa nyengo, kuchuluka kwa zokopa kumatha kukhala kasanu!
Tsoka ilo, kuchuluka kwa anapiye olimba ndikochepa kwambiri. Pafupifupi theka la omwe aswedwa azitha kulimba ndikupulumuka, ngakhale zochepa - kupatsa ana atsopano mtsogolo. Koma ngakhale mbalame zochepa izi sizikhala ndi moyo wopitilira zaka zinayi - iyi ndiye nthawi yotalikirana ndi tayi.
Zosangalatsa
Opanga maubale ndi abambo enieni komanso othandizana nawo. Nthawi zonse amakhala tcheru ndipo amakhala okonzeka kuteteza ana mpaka kumapeto. Pangozi zikayandikira, tayi wa khosi amaphulika ndikusokoneza chidwi cha nyamayo pa chisa. Nthenga imagwiritsa ntchito njira yochenjera - imanamizira kuti ndi munthu wovulala kapena wofooka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti adani awo angawagwire mosavuta.
Masewera awo amafikira mchira wofalikira, kufalitsa mapiko ndi mantha amanjenje. Chinyengo choterechi chimayang'ana chilombocho patali. Tayiyo saopa kumenya nawo nkhondo ndi nthumwi zazikulu za mbalame zodya nyama, monga nkhandwe kapena skua.
Mbalameyo imakhwima msanga, kutha msinkhu kumachitika miyezi khumi ndi iwiri. Amayi amayi amabereka ana mpaka kasanu ndi kamodzi pamoyo wawo. Momwemonso tayi pachithunzicho zingawoneke mosiyana. Izi ndichifukwa chakusintha kwakanthawi kwamtundu wake kumbuyo. Omanga mahatchi ndi osambira abwino, koma amakonda kupeza chakudya m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Zikatha nyengo yachisanu, nthawi zambiri zimabwerera kumalo azinyumba zawo zakale, ndikumanga zina zapafupi. Pambuyo pa kutayika kwa m'modzi mwa omwe adagwirizana nawo, ndipo ngakhale atakhala nthawi yayitali, opanga taye sasiya kuyang'anira nyumba yomwe idamangidwa naye kale, komanso kuyisamalira. Ngakhale kuti ndi ochulukirapo, ku Papa Stour, komwe ndi zilumba zazilumba za Scottish, cholembacho chimatchulidwa ngati mbalame yotetezedwa.
