Agologolo wamkulu ku India amadziwika bwino kwa anthu okhala ku Hindustan ndi madera oyandikana ndi mayina ena awiri - ratufa ndi malabar.
Kufotokozera kwa Indian gologolo
Ratufa indica ndi m'modzi mwa mamembala anayi amtundu wa Giant squirrels, yemwe ndi membala wa banja la squirrel.... Ndi mtengo waukulu kwambiri wa mbewa, womwe umakula mpaka masentimita 25-50 ndikulemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 2-3.
Akazi amasiyana ndi amuna osati kunja kwawo monga mawonekedwe amtundu wa anatomical, pamaso pa matumbo a mammary. Chikhalidwe cha agologolo onse akuluakulu ndi mchira wobiriwira, nthawi zambiri wamitundu iwiri, pafupifupi wofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi. Rutufa ili ndi makutu oyenda mozungulira omwe amayang'ana mbali ndi kumtunda, maso ang'onoang'ono owala ndi ma vibrissae ataliatali.
Zingwe zazikuluzikulu zimathera ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbewa zimamamatira ku mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi. Komanso, ziyangoyango zamatumba amtsogolo, zokulirapo komanso zopangidwa bwino kwambiri, zimalola agologolo achi India kuti azigwira nthawi yolumpha motere: imawuluka mita 6-10 popanda zovuta.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ratufa indica amakhala nthawi yayitali mumitengo ndipo samatsikira pansi kwambiri. Izi zimachitika nthawi yobereka, agologolo akayamba kukopana ndi anyamata.
Chovala cha agologolo achi India chimatha kukhala chamitundu yosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri ndimitundu iwiri kapena itatu, koma nyama zonse zimakongoletsedwa ndi malo oyera pakati pa makutu. Mitundu yofala kwambiri ndi yakuda chikasu, yoterera ya beige, yofiirira, yachikasu bulauni, kapena yakuda kwambiri.
Kumbuyo kwa mbewa yamtengo nthawi zambiri kumaphimbidwa ndi ubweya wandiweyani wofiirira wakuda, kirimu-beige kapena bulauni. Mutu wofiirira / beige amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zotsogola zakutsogolo ndi thupi lotsika.
Agologolo achi India amadzuka m'mawa kwambiri mpaka madzulo: amakonda kupumula masana... Moyo wa Ratufa indica kuthengo sunayesedwe, koma m'malo opangira, oimira mitunduyo amakhala zaka 20.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Gawo logawana agologolo wamkulu waku India silimangokhala ku Indian subcontinent, koma limafikira patali kwambiri. Mtengo wamtunduwu womwe udayimira wagonjetsa osati mapiri aku Sri Lanka okha, nkhalango zam'mvula za South India ndi zilumba za Indonesia, komanso madera a Nepal, Burma, China, Vietnam ndi Thailand.
Zowona, kuchuluka kwa agologolo wamkulu waku India akuchepa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mitengo yomwe ikudulidwa: nyama zomwe zimakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha zimakakamizidwa kufunafuna malo okhala.
Mwa njira, kugawidwa kwa Ratufa indica kukhala subspecies kumakhudzana ndikugawana dera. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo apeza kuti aliyense samangokhala ndi gawo linalake, komanso ali ndi mtundu wake. Zowona, asayansi sagwirizana pankhani ya kuchuluka kwamasamba amakono agologolo wamkulu waku India.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zokambirana za mbali zotsutsana zimachokera pazotsatira za maphunziro awiri omwe adachitika ... zaka mazana atatu zapitazo. Kenako zidapezeka kuti Ratufa indica imagwirizanitsa 4 (malinga ndi magwero ena 5) subspecies zogwirizana.
Malinga ndi malipoti ena, ma Ratufa indica dealbata subspecies sakupezekanso m'chigawo cha Gujarat, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kungolankhula zazing'ono zinayi zokha, ndipo mwina atatu. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo sagwirizana nawo, kusiyanitsa mitundu isanu ndi itatu amakono agologolo wamkulu waku India, kutengera mtundu wake ndi madera omwe amakhala.
Masamba asanu ndi limodzi mwa asanu ndi atatuwo amafotokozedwa motere:
- Ratufa indica dealbata ndi gologolo wakuda wachikasu / wachikaso wachikaso wokhala m'nkhalango zowirira pafupi ndi Dang;
- Ratufa indica centralis ndi gologolo wachikasu / wakuda wachikasu wobadwira m'nkhalango zowuma zouma zaku Central India, pafupi ndi Khoshangabad;
- Ratufa indica maxima ndi mbewa yachikasu / yakuda bulauni, beige kapena mdima beige mbewa yomwe imapezeka m'malo otentha obiriwira nthawi zonse ku Malabar Coast;
- Ratufa indica bengalensis ndi mbewa yomwe imakhala m'nkhalango zobiriwira zobiriwira zam'mapiri a Brahmagiri mpaka pagombe la Bay of Bengal;
- Ratufa indica superans - gologolo wokhala ndi chovala chakuda bulauni, beige kapena bulauni wachikaso;
- Ratufa indica indica.
Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta agologolo wamkulu ku India titha kukhala m'gulu la nyama. Zokambirana zasayansi zokhudzana ndi mtundu wa Ratufa indica zakhala zikuchitika kwazaka zopitilira zana, ndipo kuti zidzatha sizikudziwika bwinobwino.
Zakudya Zamagulu A Indian Indian
Makoswe amitengo awa alibe zosowa zapadera zam'mimba - amadya pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe angathe. Zosankha za Indian Giant squirrel zikuphatikizapo:
- zipatso za mitengo ya zipatso;
- makungwa ndi maluwa;
- mtedza;
- tizilombo;
- mazira a mbalame.
Pakudya, gologolo amaimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndikugwira mwaluso miyendo yakutsogolo, akutola ndikusenda zipatso... Mchira wautali umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wotsutsana - umathandizira gologolo wodyera kuti akhale wolimba.
Kubereka ndi ana
Khalidwe lobereka la Ratufa indica silikumvetsetseka. Amadziwika, mwachitsanzo, kuti asanayambe agalu, agologolo agulu akuluakulu amakhala okha, koma, popanga awiri, amakhalabe okhulupirika kwa theka lawo lachiwiri kwa nthawi yaitali.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pakati pa nthawi yakumasirana, anyani amphongo amatsika mumitengo ndikuyamba kuthamangitsa anzawo, akuchita mpikisano mwamphamvu. Mbewa iliyonse imamanga zisa zingapo pamalo ocheperako: mwa agologolo ena amagona, enanso amakwatirana.
Pomanga zisa, nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito nthambi ndi masamba, ndikupangitsa kuti nyumbazo zizizungulira ndikuzilimbitsa pamitengo yopyapyala kuti nyama zolusa zisathe kuzifikira. Zisa zimadziwulula zokha munthawi ya chilala, mitengo ikamasamba.
Agologolo akuluakulu achi India amagonana kangapo pachaka. Kubereka kumatenga masiku 28 mpaka 35 ndipo ana amatha kubadwa mu Disembala, Marichi / Epulo ndi Seputembala. Mu zinyalala imodzi (pafupifupi) agologolo 1-2 amabadwa, kawirikawiri - oposa atatu. Ratufa ali ndi chibadwa chodziwika cha amayi chomwe sichimamulola kusiya ana mpaka atayamba kudzidyetsa okha ndikusiya chisa chawo.
Adani achilengedwe
Ma Ratuff ndi zolengedwa zosamala kwambiri komanso zamantha zomwe zimatha kudzisintha ngati korona. Gologolo wamkulu wa ku India amakayikira nyama zonse zozungulira, kuyesera kuti asaulule kupezeka kwake ndikubisala muubweya wobiriwira.
Mndandanda wa adani achilengedwe a Ratufa ndi awa:
- akambuku;
- martens;
- amphaka akulu achilengedwe;
- njoka;
- zolusa mbalame.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pangozi yomwe ikuyandikira, gologoloyu samathawa konse. Njira yake yosainira ndi yozizira kwambiri, pomwe mbewa yamatsenga imatsamira thunthu, ngati kuti ikufuna kuphatikiza nayo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Mu 1984, malo akuluakulu otchedwa Bhimashnakar Nature Reserve adapezeka kudera lakumadzulo kwa Maharashtra, ku India.... Polenga izi, olamulira adakhazikitsa cholinga chachikulu - kuteteza malo okhala agologolo wamkulu ku India. Malowa, omwe ali pamtunda wa 130 km², adakhala gawo la Western Ghats ndipo ali pafupi ndi mzinda wa Ambegaon (chigawo cha Pune).
Kukula kwa dera lotetezedwa la Ratufa indica kudayambitsidwa ndi nkhawa zakomwe mitundu yazachilengedwe ili, yomwe (malinga ndi International Union for Conservation of Nature) ili pafupi kukhala pachiwopsezo.
