Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Pafupifupi aliyense padziko lapansi amadziwa momwe njoka zimawonekera. Zokwawa zopanda miyendo izi, mantha omwe tili nawo kwenikweni pamlingo wosazindikira, pafupifupi mitundu 3000. Amakhala m'makontinenti onse padziko lapansi, kupatula ku Antarctica, ndipo adakwanitsa kudziwa malo, malo abwino komanso ngakhale nyanja.
Ndi mapiri okhaokha opanda moyo, olimba, komanso madera a ayezi a Arctic ndi Antarctic otsukidwa ndi nyanja yozizira, omwe sanakhale oyenera kukhalapo. Zowonjezerapo - adachita manyazi, komabe, amayesetsa kuti akhazikike mlengalenga.
Inde, musadabwe - ma kite aphunzira kuuluka. Makamaka, kukonzekera, komwe mosakayikira ndiimodzi mwamitundu yandege. Ndipo amalimbana bwino ndi izi, mopanda mantha, kulumpha kuchokera ku nthambi za mitengo yayitali kwambiri.
Zimauluka mtunda wopita mazana a mamitala, sizimagwera zikafika, ngakhale zitayamba kutalika bwanji. Ndipo pali mitundu isanu ya njoka zoterozo zomwe zatha kuwuluka padziko lathuli! Mutha kuwona chozizwitsa ichi cha chilengedwe m'maiko aku Southeast Asia.
Izi ndizachidziwikire Mitengo ya njoka, ndi ochepa kukula, kutalika kwake kumasiyana masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka. Chobiriwira kapena chofiirira, chokhala ndi mikwingwirima yamitundumitundu, mtundu wa thupi, chimapereka chobisalira chabwino m'masamba wandiweyani, ndi pamtengo wa zimphona za m'nkhalango, zomwe zimakulolani kuti muzembera nyama, komanso nthawi yomweyo pewani chidwi cha adani.
Ndipo kukoka kwachilengedwe kwa njoka ndi kapangidwe ka masikelo awo kumakupatsani mwayi wokwera uliwonse, ngakhale nthambi zazitali kwambiri zamitengo. Onsewa ndi am'banja lazinyalala, zopapatiza, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zokwawa zakupha, chifukwa mano awo amakhala mkamwa. Koma njoka zouluka zouluka amadziwika kuti ndi owopsa kwa nyama zing'onozing'ono, ndipo sizowopsa pazaumoyo wa anthu.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Ulendo wawo ndiwopatsa chidwi, kukumbukira pang'ono za kudumpha kwa othamanga. Poyamba, njokayo imakwera pamwamba pamtengowo, kuwonetsa zozizwitsa zakuthwa ndi kulinganiza. Kenako amakwawa mpaka kumapeto kwa nthambi yomwe amakonda, amapachika mpaka theka, nthawi yomweyo kukweza gawo lakumaso, amasankha chandamale, ndikuponyera thupi lake pang'ono - kudumpha pansi.
Poyamba, kuthawa sikusiyana ndi kugwa kwanthawi zonse, koma liwiro likamakula, njirayo imapatuka ndikuwonjezeka kuchokera kutsogolo, ndikusunthira kutsetsereka. Njokayo, ikukankhira nthiti zake kumbali, imakhala yosalala, molimba mtima kudalira mtsinje wokwera.
Thupi lake limapindika mmbali ndi chilembo S, ndikupanga mawonekedwe ofanana a mapiko, nthawi yomweyo kumakweza mokwanira kuti ayende motsetsereka. Amangoyendetsa thupi lake nthawi zonse pandege yopingasa, kulimbitsa thupi, ndipo mchira wake umayenda mozungulira, kuwongolera kuwuluka. Njoka izi, tikhoza kunena, zimayandama mumayendedwe amlengalenga, ndikumazimva ndi thupi lonse.
Zatsimikiziridwa kuti mtundu umodzi ukhoza kusintha, ngati ukufuna, usinthe njira yomwe ikuuluka kuti uyandikire nyama kapena kuti uzingoyenda mosavomerezeka. Kuthamanga kwapaulendo kumakhala pafupifupi 8 m / s ndipo nthawi zambiri kumatenga mphindi imodzi mpaka 5.
Koma ngakhale izi ndizokwanira kuti zokwawa zouluka ziziuluka pamwamba pa malo, kupeza nyama kapena kuthawa mdani. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti chimodzi mwazinthu zosaka njoka zouluka ndi abuluzi odziwika, omwe amatchedwa Flying Dragons.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokwawa zosangalatsazi imakhala m'nkhalango za India, Southeast Asia, zilumba za Indonesia ndi Philippines. Ndi m'malo momwe amakhala ndi kufunafuna chakudya cha njoka zouluka.
Mitundu
Mwachidziwikire, tikukumana ndi vuto la banal, pomwe mlenje adaphunzira, kuti apulumuke mwachangu, kuti agwire nyama yomwe idadziwa luso lowuluka. Asayansi akudziwa mitundu isanu ya mphamba zouluka: Chrysopelea ornata, Chrysopelea paradisi, Chrysopelea pelias, Chrysopelea rhodopleuron, Chrysopelea taprobanica.
Woimira wowala kwambiri wa fuko louluka la njoka, mosakayikira, ndi Chrysopelea paradisi, kapena njoka yokongoletsedwa ya Paradaiso. Kulumpha kwake kumafika kutalika kwa mita 25, ndipo ndiye amene amadziwa momwe angasinthire mayendedwe ake, kupewa zopinga ngakhale kuwukira nyama kuchokera mlengalenga. Milandu yalembedwa pomwe malo ofikira njoka iyi anali okwera kuposa poyambira.
Kutalika kwakukulu kwa thupi lake ndi pafupifupi mita 1.2. Pang'ono kwambiri kuposa mitundu yofanana kwambiri ya Chrysopelea ornata, ili ndi mitundu yowala kwambiri. Mamba m'mbali mwake ndi obiriwira ndimalire akuda. Kumbuyo kwake, mtundu wa emarodi amasintha pang'ono pang'ono kukhala lalanje ndi wachikaso.
Pamutu pake pali mtundu wa mawanga a lalanje ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, ndipo m'mimba mwake muli wachikasu. Nthawi zina, anthu obiriwira amapezeka, osakhala ndi mikwingwirima kapena mawanga. Amakonda kukhala moyo wamasana ndikukhala m'nkhalango zam'madera otentha kwambiri, amakhala nthawi yayitali mumitengo.
Amapezeka pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Imadyetsa abuluzi ang'onoang'ono, achule ndi nyama zina zazing'ono, osaphonya mwayi wodya anapiye a mbalame. Zimaswana mwa kuikira mazira khumi ndi awiri, pomwe amatalika masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Masiku ano, nthawi zambiri imasungidwa mu ukapolo, kukhala chokongoletsera cha terrarium. Amapezeka ku Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Myanmar, Thailand ndi Singapore.
Njoka Yowuluka Yodziwika Kwambiri Chrysopelea ornata ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi Njoka Yokongoletsedwa ya Paradaiso, koma yayitali kuposa iyo, imafika nthawi zambiri mita imodzi ndi theka. Thupi lake ndi lochepa kwambiri, ndi mchira wautali komanso mutu wopindika kuchokera mbali, wowoneka bwino wopatukana ndi thupi.
Mtundu wa thupi ndi wobiriwira, wokhala ndi m'mbali zakuda zamiyeso yakumbuyo ndi mimba yonyezimira. Mutu umakongoletsedwa ndi mtundu wa mabala owala komanso akuda ndi mikwingwirima. Amakhala moyo wamasana. Amakonda m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zam'malo otentha, osatengera mapaki ndi minda.
Zakudya - nyama zazing'ono zilizonse, osapatula nyama zoyamwitsa. Mkazi amatengera mazira 6 mpaka 12, pomwe patatha miyezi itatu, ana amatalika masentimita 11-15. Amatha kuuluka mita 100 kuchokera pomwe ayambira. Malo ogawa - Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Malaysia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Philippines, Indonesia. Amapezekanso kum'mwera kwa China.
Dziwani njoka youluka yosawerengeka njoka ziwiri Chrysopelea pelias ndi wowala pamitundu yake yowala, "chenjezo" - lalanje kumbuyo logawidwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda iwiri yokhala ndi malo oyera komanso mutu wosiyanasiyana. Amakhala wochenjeza kuti ndibwino kuti musamugwire.
Mimbayo ndi yotumbululuka chikasu, ndipo mbali zake ndi zofiirira. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 75, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi odekha, ngakhale ali ndi mano owonekera. Iyi ndi kaiti yonyezimira kwambiri. Monga achibale ena, imadyetsa nyama zing'onozing'ono, zomwe imatha kupeza pamtengo ndi pakati pamasamba.
Imaikira mazira ndikusaka masana. Siziuluka ngati Paradiso kapena njoka yodzikongoletsa wamba. Kwa moyo wake amakonda nkhalango zam'madera otentha a Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand ndi Vietnam. Amapezeka kumwera kwa China, Philippines ndi kumadzulo kwa Malaysia.
Sizovuta kukumana Njoka zouluka za molluk Chrysopelea rhodopleuron wobadwira ku Indonesia. Zowonjezerapo - ngati mungakumane naye, zidzakhala mwayi wosaneneka, popeza chitsanzo chomaliza cha vutoli chidafotokozedwa m'zaka za zana la 19, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo kite wouluka uyu sanagwere m'manja mwa asayansi.
Zikungodziwika kuti amatha kuwuluka ndikuikira mazira. Mwachilengedwe, monga njoka zonse, imadya chakudya chanyama chokwanira bwino ndikukhala pamipando ya mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zonse m'nkhalango zotentha. Mwinanso, kuchuluka kwake kochepa komanso kubisa kwazinsinsi kumatha kubisala osati kokha kwa adani awo, komanso kwa asayansi okhumudwitsa.
Zomwezo zitha kunenedwanso za malo ena okhala pachilumba cha Sri Lanka - njoka yaku Lankan yomwe ikuuluka Chrysopelea taprobanica. Idaphunziridwa komaliza pakati pa zaka za 20th. Malinga ndi malongosoledwe ake, njoka iyi imakhala ndi masentimita 60 mpaka 90, ndi maso akulu, mchira wautali, wotetemera komanso thupi lopanikizika pambuyo pake.
Mtunduwo ndi wachikasu wobiriwira, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, pakati pake pamakhala mawanga ofiira. Pali mutu wamtanda pamutu pake. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuphunzira, chifukwa amakhala moyo wake wonse pamitu ya mitengo, kudyetsa nalimata, mbalame, mileme ndi njoka zina.
Kutha kwachilendo kotereku kwa njoka, mwachilengedwe, sikunachitike mwachangu, koma pakupanga chisinthiko chotalika, chomwe chidabweretsa zotsatira zabwino. Mawu a Gorky: "Wobadwira kukwawa sangathe kuwuluka," adakhala cholakwika pokhudzana ndi chilengedwe. Njoka sizisiya kudabwitsa dziko lapansi.
