Pintail monga mtundu woyamba anafotokozedwa koyamba ndi katswiri wazachilengedwe Karl Linnaeus, yemwe adautcha "Anas acuta", kutanthauza "bakha wakuthwa" m'Chilatini. Alinso ndi mayina ena: pintail, mchira wosongoka, awl (wachikale). Padziko lapansi, pali anthu pafupifupi 5.5 miliyoni.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Pintail ndi bakha wachiwiri wofala kwambiri pambuyo pa mallard. Pang'ono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi iye kukula kwake, pintail amadziwika ndi thupi lochepa komanso khosi lalitali. Kutalika kwa thupi la mkazi ndi 50-57 cm, wamwamuna - 60-75 cm; kulemera kwake - 500-1000 g ndi 600-1200 g Kufalikira kwa manambala kumadalira malo okhala komanso nyengo.
Bakha amatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa cha mapiko osongoka ndi mchira wakuthwa. Kutalika kwa nthenga za mchira kwa drake kumafikira masentimita 10. Amawawonetsa akamachita kuvina kosakanikirana komanso mukawopseza mdani.
Nthenga za chala chachikazi siziwala ndi kukongola: nthenga yakuda imadetsedwa pang'ono ndi malire ofiira m'mphepete mwake. Kutha kusiyanitsa pakati pa abakha ena am'madzi kokha ndi thupi lawo lalitali komanso khosi lalitali. Komabe, pintail-drake imawonekeranso modzichepetsa ikatha kusungunuka.
Koma pakadali pano amasandulika. Chovala choswana champhongo chimamangidwa mosiyana ndi imvi ndi bulauni yokhala ndi pang'ono pang'ono zoyera ndi zakuda. Mutu ndi gawo lakumtunda kwa khosi ndi mabokosi akuda amtundu, ndikusandulika wakuda kumbuyo kwa mutu.
Mikwingwirima iwiri yoyera imatsika kuchokera mbali zonse ziwiri mpaka kumutu ndikuphatikizana pakhosi, ndikudutsa pamimba mpaka kumchira. Mdima wonyezimira kumbuyo ndi mbali ndizokongoletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe akuda akuda. Zophimba pamapiko ndi zotuwa, nthenga zouluka ndi zotuwa. Galasilo ndi lobiriwira komanso malire owoneka bulauni.
Kupezeka kwa tufts pamutu ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pamaso ndi kusiyana kwina ndi mitundu ina. Liwu la cholembera cha drake nthawi yamasamba limakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Mluzu woyimba pamawu apamwamba umatsogola ndi mkokomo.
Drake amapanga mawu ofanana, kutambasula khosi. Mluzu womwewo umatulutsidwa ndi tiyi wawo, koma wopanda mnzake. Wamkazi amalephera ngati bakha woweta, koma modekha. Mu gulu la ma drakes omwe amafuula mosalekeza komanso mokweza, mutha kuwamva patali kwambiri. Akazi amawapatsa mawu okweza.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwona zonyamula ndege. Kuti anyamuke m'madzi, safunika kuyendetsa nthawi yayitali. Amawuluka mwachangu, kwinaku akutambasula khosi lake mwamphamvu, ngati kuti akuyang'ana malo ozungulira, ndipo asanafike amatera.
Mukamadya m'madzi osaya, mbalameyi imakonda kusamira pansi pamadzi. Amapeza chakudya kuchokera pansi, ndikupendeketsa mutu wake. Amayenda pamtunda molimba mtima kuposa abakha ena. Ngati pintail pachithunzicho ikupezeka ndi mitundu ina, ndiye kuti palibe amene angakayikire zakudziwika kuti ndi yanji, mawonekedwe ake owala kwambiri.
Mitundu
Kudera la Russia, kuli mitundu mpaka makumi anai ya abakha. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi osangalatsa posodza komanso kusaka nyama. Abakha amtsinje, kuphatikiza pintail, ndi awa:
- wonyamula
- mallard
- nyemba
- bakha waimvi
- tsitsi
- nsomba yakupha
Abakha onse amtsinje amadziwika ndikufika kumtunda pamadzi ndi mchira wokwera. Achibale apafupi a pintail amaphatikizanso gulu lina la abakha amtsinje omwe amakhala kuzilumba zakumwera: zachikaso, zofiira, Kerguelen, barnacle (Bahamian) pintail. Akuti ma subspecieswa amachokera m'magulu am'miyala yakumpoto, yomwe nthawi ina idasokera njira yosamukira ndikukathera kuzilumbazi.
Mitundu yazilumbazi ndizocheperako, ndipo kuthekera kwawo kouluka kumachepa. Palibe kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa utoto wa nthenga pakati pa yaikazi ndi yamphongo. Subpecies zonse zimaphatikizidwa mu Red Book. Chiwerengero chawo chikuchepa mwachangu, ndipo bakha wa Kerguelen akuopsezedwa kuti atha chifukwa cha amphaka amphaka.
Pachithunzicho chithunzi cha Bahamian
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Dera la pintail limakwirira makilomita 28 miliyoni. Zisa zake zimabalalika m'madzi am'kati mwa Eurasia ndi North America. Amakonda kukhazikika m'mbali mwa tundra, m'nkhalango, kuyandikira kugombe la Arctic. Mitunduyi imapezekanso m'nkhalango zowirira, m'nkhalango-steppe ndi steppe zone.
Ku Russia, pintail amakhala pafupifupi dera lonselo, kupatula zigawo zomwe zili kumwera kwa Transbaikalia ndi madera a Saratov ndi Voronezh chifukwa chazisaka. Kwa nyengo yozizira, pintail imawulukira kumpoto kwa Africa, South Asia ndi South Europe.
Zidutswa zakumanja ndizoyambirira pakati pa bakha kubwerera kudziko lakwawo, kusanachitike kwa ayezi, komanso munthawi yochepa. Ziweto mpaka 20 zimawonedwa nthawi yomweyo kumwamba. Ambiri mwa awiriawiri amapangidwa nthawi yachisanu. Akafika kumalo obisalira, chala chimayamba nyengo yokhwima.
Kuti akondweretse mkazi, drake, pamodzi ndi nthenga zokongola, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zowonetsera. Pamadzi, amatsitsa mlomo wake kwambiri, nthawi yomweyo akukweza thupi lake mozungulira, kenako ndikuponya mutu wake mwamphamvu. Mtsinje wamadzi watuluka mozungulira iye.
Ali mlengalenga, amuna omwe ali ndi gulu louluka louluka amawuluka pamwamba pamadzi, akugunditsa mapiko awo mwamphamvu akamauluka. Nthawi zina amatsitsa mchira wawo mwamphamvu, ngati kuti akungonyinyirika. Pansi, drake amakweza phiko lake kutsogolo kwa mkazi, ndikuponyera khosi lake kumbuyo. Imakhudza nthenga ndi mulomo wake - phokoso laphokoso limapezeka.
Bakha amatenga drake yemwe amamukonda kumbali kuchokera kwa amuna akukhwima. Akazi achizungu akuyang'ana ma nook obisika kuti azikhalira pachisa chawo, momwe iwonso adawonekera. Chisa chili pamtunda wa kilomita imodzi kuchokera pa dziwe, pansi pomwe pabowo laling'ono pakati pa udzu wa chaka chatha kapena zitsamba zamabango.
Amakonda kupatsidwa malo osungira okhala ndi malo osaya mpaka 30 cm, odzaza ndi udzu wochepa. Abakha amapewa nyanja zamitengo yayitali kwambiri. Malo okhalapo pafupi ndi dziwe, pamapiri osefukira, ali pachiwopsezo chodzazidwa ndi madzi osefukira.
Banja silimatanthauzira malire a chiwembu chake ndipo silikuwululira zomwe oyandikana nawo amakhala. Mbalame zamtundu winawake zomwe zimakonda kucheza ndi anthu, komabe, sizimangoyenda pagulu lalikulu. Anthu mazana angapo amasonkhana pokhapokha panthawi yosamukira. Amuna amadziwika ndi kusokonezeka nthawi ya molting.
Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, akazi amakhala atakakamira, ndipo ma drake amasonkhana m'malo otetezedwa bwino pakati pazitsamba zam'magombe am'munsi mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja. Amalumikizidwa ndi akazi omwe sanapeze awiri kapena ataya zowalamulira. Mwa akazi, kusungunuka kumachedwa ndipo kumayamba pambuyo pa nthenga za bakha. Samataya kuthekera kwawo kuwuluka.
Zakudya zabwino
Mwambiri, pintail bakha zakudya atha kutchedwa osakanikirana. M'madera akumpoto kwamtunduwu, chakudya cha nyama chimayambira, zigawo zakumwera, zoyambira. Zakudyazo zimadaliranso nyengo.
Pintail amapita kukadyetsa ziweto kumapeto kwa nyengo. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuwoneka kwa mphutsi za chironomids ndi ntchentche za caddis, kenako nkhono za onyamula amoyo, nkhono zam'madzi, ndi ntchentche za caddis. Mbalameyi sichinyoza tizinyama tating'onoting'ono, tadpoles, leeches. Bakha amadyetsa mumitsinje yaying'ono yamadzi osaya.
Amatulutsa chakudya osadumphira pansi, koma akugundama pamutu pake. Khosi lake lalitali limalola kuti lipeze chakudya kuchokera kuzama kwambiri kuposa abakha ena. Amadziwa momwe mungakodole chakudya pamadzi. Monga abakha onse, pintail ndi mtundu wadongosolo m'madamu, kuwononga mphutsi za udzudzu ndikuchotsa duckweed.
M'dzinja, gawo la chakudya cha mbewu chimapambana. Masamba, zimayambira, mizu ya m'madzi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja amadyedwa: duckweed, nymphaean, tuber, sedge. Mbewu za kumapiri ndi mapira zimadyedwa. Nthawi yachisanu, abakha amayendera minda atakolola mapira osiyanasiyana.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Amuna ndi akazi amakula msinkhu miyezi 12 atabadwa. Pambuyo pa kukwatira, mkazi amayamba kukonzekera chisa pamalo osankhidwa. Chisa cha pintail ndi chosavuta; zinyalala sizikwanira pansi pa fossa.
Ndi zikopa zake, amatenga kukhathamira kwa masentimita 22 mpaka 28 m'nthaka ndikuzungulira mbali ya udzu wouma mpaka pansi. Adzafunika pambuyo pake kuti abisalike bakha akasiya kuyamwa kwakanthawi. Full zowalamulira tichipeza 7-10 mazira chikasu kapena greenish. Mkazi amaikira mazira pasanathe sabata kapena kupitirira pang'ono. Bakha amaoneka m'masiku 22-24.
Patangopita maola ochepa, anapiyewo aswedwa amathamanga molimba mtima, ndipo mayiyo amawatsogolera kumalo osungira chakudya. Ankhandwe sakudziwabe momwe angagwere: amadyetsa potola mphutsi ndi tizilombo pamwamba pamadzi. Pakatha milungu iwiri, imayamba kunenepa mofanana ndi theka la mbalame yonseyo, ndipo nthenga imadzalowanso pansi.
Abakha achichepere amayamba ulendo wophunzitsira mwezi umodzi ndi theka, ndipo posakhalitsa anawo amatha.
Zisa zam'madzi nthawi zambiri zimawonongedwa ndi nkhandwe, mbira, ndi gopher. Mbalame zodya nyama - agalu kapena agalu - zimawopsezanso ana. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, anapiye 32% -68% okha ndi omwe amapulumuka. Pazifukwa zabwino, mkazi amatha kuyika clutch yachiwiri.
Abakha achikulire amakumana ndi zoopsa kuchokera kuzilombo zazikuluzikulu: lynx, hawk, gyrfalcon. Sitiyenera kuyiwala kuti uyu ndi bakha wosaka. Ku Netherlands, mbiri yakukhala ndi moyo kwa pintail idalembedwa - zaka 27 ndi miyezi 5.
Kusaka zojambula
Amasaka zala ndi galu wophunzitsidwa mwapadera kapena kubisala ndi dummies ndi bakha wachinyengo. Alenje odziwa amadziwa zovuta mukawombera mbalameyi. Iye, mosiyana ndi abakha ena, amanyamuka osathamanga ndipo nthawi yomweyo amauluka mwachangu.
Pokonzekera kusaka, ndikofunikira kulingalira nyengo. Patsiku lamvula komanso lamvula, kusaka kwazitsulo kumachitika kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo. Poyesa kupeza malo obisalapo, mbalameyi imauluka m'mwamba ndipo imakhala yosavuta kugwira. M'nyengo yoyera, yodekha, zaka za bakha zimangokhala mbandakucha komanso m'mawa.
Kujambula mitundu, mankhusu, ma spaniel ndiabwino posaka bakha. Amathamanga m'mbali mwa gombe patsogolo pa mwininyumba ndipo, akumva fungo la mbalameyo, amamupatsa mawu. Nthawi zambiri kuwombera kumangovulaza bakha, ndipo imatha kubisala m'nkhalango. Apa udindo wa galu sungasinthe.
Mutha kusaka zala kuchokera pachipinda chobisalamo bwino m'nkhalango zamalire ndi madzi. Asanamangidwe, muyenera kufufuza m'deralo. Kupezeka kwa abakha kudzapereka nthenga zambiri pamwamba pamadzi komanso kuchuluka kwa duckweed.
Chojambulacho nthawi zonse chimakhala pamadzi motsutsana ndi mphepo, chifukwa chake muyenera kukhala m'malo obisalapo moyang'anizana ndi mphepo, ndipo nyumbayo iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti ikhale yabwino kunyamula mbalame yosweka kutsika.
Pintail imakopeka pafupi ndi malowa ndi bakha wosakhazikika wam'mudzi, womangidwa ndi chingwe chachitali. Kuti mukhale okopa kwambiri, mbiri kapena bakha woyika pansi amayikidwa pafupi. Madamu 5-10 ndi okwanira. Njira imeneyi imawonjezera kwambiri mwayi wosaka bwino.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi yachaka, mkazi wamkazi amakonzekera kuoneka ngati ana, sangasakidwe pakadali pano. Chinyengo chimalowetsa m'malo mwachinyengo, woyeserera amayankha kuitana, osagwiritsa ntchito zamagetsi - ndizoletsedwa.
Mukasaka abakha, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito # 3 mpaka # 5, kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri. Mbalame yosweka imasonkhanitsidwa pambuyo pomaliza kusaka. Pamaso pa galu, mlenjeyo amatha kutolera zikho zambiri kuposa momwe adawombera. Galu amatulutsa nyama zonse zomwe zimapezeka munkhalango zawo.
Zofunika! Ndikofunika kulemba malo olowera kumadambo akulu, ndikusiya zikwangwani panjira zomwe zingakuthandizeni kubwerera. Kampasi idzakuthandizani pazida zanu.
Zosangalatsa
- Pali zambiri za kukaikira zala pafupi ndi mtsinje kapena dziwe m'malire a mizinda ikuluikulu. Makamaka olimba mtima amapita kumalo okhala pafupi kuti akadye.
- Bakha paulendo wapaulendo amatha kuthamanga mpaka 80 km / h.
- Wamphongo wachikhalire amasiya chisa mu theka loyamba la makulitsidwe ndikupita ku molt. Amakumana ndi wamkazi nthawi yachisanu yokha.
- Kulimba kwathunthu kumapangitsa mbalame kutha kuuluka chifukwa chakutha nthenga ndi nthenga za mchira.
- Pamapeto pa makulitsidwe, chitolirocho sichimasiya chisa. Zikakhala zoopsa, bakha amathira ndowe zamadzi m'mazira.
- Ku UK, anthu opaka osasuntha.
Chifukwa cha nyama yake yokoma komanso kusowa kwa malamulo oletsa kuwombera, pintail ndiyotchuka pakati pa alenje. Ndipo ngakhale kutha sikukuopseza mitundu yambiri, mbalame iyenera kutetezedwa ku zochita za anthu mosaganizira.
