Nyama yomwe yatchulidwa wabodza, sichimachitika kuthengo kulikonse padziko lapansi. Kupatula apo, kuti abadwe, adani omwe amakhala kumayiko osiyanasiyana ayenera kukwatirana. Liger ndi nyama momwe chibadwa cha abambo a mkango ndi amayi a tigress chimasakanizidwira.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Liger ndiye feline wamkulu kwambiri yemwe amadziwika ndi anthu. Maonekedwe ake, ma liger amafanana ndi mkango, koma kukula kwake kwakukulu kwambiri ndi mikwingwirima yofanana ndi akambuku. Kukula kwake, mtundu uwu wa nyama ndi wokulirapo kuposa akambuku ndi mikango.
Amuna abodza amatha kufikira 400 kg, kapena kupitilira apo. Ndipo kukula kwa nyama, kutambasulidwa mokwanira, kumatha kukhala mamita 4. Ndizodabwitsa kuti m'lifupi mwa kamwa ya nyamayi imatha kufikira masentimita 50. Kafukufuku wasayansi amafotokoza kukula kwake kwa liger ndi ma chromosomes omwe amabwera atabadwa.
Moyo wabanja lachiwerewere umakonzedwa mwanjira yoti mwana atenge majini kuchokera kwa abambo omwe ali ndi udindo wachitukuko, pomwe majini a tigress amachititsa kuchepa kwa kukula, kulepheretsa achinyamata kuti akule kwambiri.
Ma chromosomes a tigress siolimba ngati ma chromosomes a mkango, omwe amatsogolera kukukula kwakukulu kwa kukula kwa nyama zamtunduwu - majini a amayi sangathe kuletsa kukula kosafunikira kwamwana.
Liger amangokhala m'malo opangira zinthu zokha
Amabodza amuna, monga lamulo, alibe manejala, koma mutu wawo wokulirapo ndiwopatsa chidwi kale. Mutu wa liger ndi wocheperako kawiri kukula kwa nyalugwe wa Bengal, ndipo chigaza chake chachikulu ndi 40% chokulirapo kuposa cha mkango kapena kambuku.
Nyama imeneyi ndi yayikulu kwambiri moti liger pachithunzichi imawoneka yabodza, kukula kwake ndikokulirapo kuposa mkango wamba, pafupifupi kawiri. Mikango ndi akambuku ali m'banja limodzi, koma malo okhala ndi malo okhala ndizosiyana, ndipo machitidwe awo m'chilengedwe ndi osiyana kwambiri.
Liger adatengera chikhalidwe cha makolo onse awiri. Kuchokera kwa abambo mkango, amphaka akulu adatengera kukonda anthu. Ligger wamkulu ndiwokondwa kukhala mgulu limodzi ndi oimira ena a banja la feline, sakhala wankhanza komanso wokonda kucheza polankhula ndi munthu (izi zimangokhudza anthu omwe amamusamalira kuyambira kubadwa). Amphaka amakonda kusewera ndikusangalala ngati ana amphaka.
Amayi a tigress adapatsa ana awo chikondi cha madzi. Mbali yapadera ya zinyama ndikuti zimadziwa kusambira, ndipo zimachita mosangalala kwambiri. Mitsempha yachikazi imabangula ndikuwonetsa gawo lawo kuti ndi ma tigress.
Ndiponso nyalugwe ndi kambuku ndi ofanana chifukwa amalekerera kutentha kwapansi bwino. Amphaka akuluakulu adalandira chidwi chodabwitsa ndi kuzizira. Zimakhala zachilendo kuti ma liger apumule mu chisanu mu chisanu choopsa.
Mitundu
Ana a mikango oyera oyera nthawi zina amabadwira kuthengo. Amphakawa amapezeka m'mabanja a mikango ku South Africa. Mitundu yoyera ya akambuku ndiyonso idadziwika kalekale ndi anthu. Koma mwayi woti nyama zosagwirizanazi zibala ana ndizochepa.
Mlandu woyamba kubadwa kwa mphalapala kuchokera ku mkango woyera ndi tigress yoyera udalembedwa ku South Carolina paki ya safari ya Myrtle Beach. Iwo anali ndi ana anayi. Mitsempha yoyera (anyamata okha ndi omwe adawonekera) adatengera utoto woyera.
Akatswiri akuwona kuti kuthekera kwakubadwa kwa akambuku akuda posachedwa sikungachitike, popeza mikango yakuda kulibe padziko lapansi, ndipo akambuku akuda ndi nyama wamba zomwe zili ndi mikwingwirima yakuda.
Maluwa ndi ana a ligress ndi mkango. Mwamaonekedwe, iwo ali ngati bambo wa mkango kwambiri. Palibe milandu yambiri yodziwika pomwe ma ligress adabereka ana kuchokera ku mikango, ndipo, modabwitsa, onse omwe amabadwa kubalalako adakhala atsikana. Ana a liligresses ndi akambuku (taligras) adabadwa kawiri (mu 2008 ndi mu 2013) ku Oklahoma. Tsoka ilo, ana sanakhale ndi moyo nthawi yayitali.
Sizingakhale zolondola kunyalanyaza abale apamtima a adani awa. Akambuku, dzina lachiwiri la nyamazi - tigon, ndi mtundu wina wazotsatira za kulumikizana kwa majini a kambuku wamphongo ndi mkango wamkazi.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe awo akunja, ma liger ndi ma tigon ndi ofanana kwambiri, chifukwa amatengera zinthu zapadera za mtundu wa makolo awo. Komabe, Matigone amabadwa kakang'ono kwambiri kuposa omwe adawabereka. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa munthu wamkulu ndi pafupifupi 150 kg.
Kufupika kwa nyama kumafotokozedwa ndi gulu la majini omwe amalandila ndi mphaka. Zibadwa zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kuchokera kwa mayi wamkango zimakhala zochepetsera majini ofooka omwe amachokera kwa amuna.
Matigoni ndi osowa kwambiri, ndipo ndichifukwa choti amuna samamvetsetsa bwino zomwe akazi aakazi amachita, makamaka munyengo yokhwima, motero safuna kukwatirana nawo. Mpaka pano, ndi mitundu yochepa chabe yamoyo yomwe imatha kunenedwa molimba mtima.
Chifukwa chodutsa mkango ndi kambuku, kambukuyo adakhala wamkulu kuposa makolo onse awiri
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Maonekedwe a liger m'malo a akambuku ndi mikango sizotheka. Mikango ndi nyama zakutchire ku Africa. Nthawi yomweyo, akambuku, ambiri, amakhala ku Asia, ku India, Far East komanso zigawo za Southeast Asia.
Palibe chidziwitso chovomerezeka chilichonse chokhudza kubadwa kwa ma liger mu vivo. Anthu onse odziwika, ndipo alipo pafupifupi makumi awiri ndi asanu mwa iwo padziko lapansi, adabadwa chifukwa chazowoloka mwadala zopangidwa ndi munthu.
Zikakhala kuti ana a mkango ndi kambuku amasungidwa mchipinda chimodzi kuyambira ali mwana (mwachitsanzo, mu khola la zoo), ana apadera amatha kuwonekera, kenako pafupifupi milandu 1-2 pa zana. Momwemo mphaka wabodza amathera moyo wake wonse kulibe ufulu wolamulidwa ndi anthu (m'makola a malo osungira nyama, malo osungira nyama zamapaki).
Asayansi akuti m'nthawi zakale, momwe moyo wamkango ndi akambuku unali chimodzimodzi, nyamazi sizinali zodabwitsa kwambiri. Izi, ndichachidziwikire, chifukwa lero kulibe zowoneka bwino zotsimikizira kubadwa ndi moyo wa omwe amangogona kuthengo.
Ochita kafukufuku sagwirizana ngati amphaka akuluakulu amatha kukhala ndi moyo kuthengo. Mwachidziwitso, chilombo chachikulu chonchi, chokhoza kufika pamtunda wokwanira pafupifupi 90 km / h pofunafuna nyama, chizitha kudzidyetsa.
Komabe, kukula kwakukulu kumatha kuyambitsa mphaka wokhala ndi thupi lolemera kotero kuti sangathe kudzipezera chakudya, chifukwa chimatopa msanga, kugwira ndikutsata nyama. Potengera machitidwe awo, abodza amafanana ndi makolo onse awiri. Akambuku samakonda kucheza ndipo amakonda kusungulumwa. Amabodza nthawi zambiri amakhala ochezeka.
Amuna amakonda kukonda chidwi chawo, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuwoneka ngati mikango ndipo, nthawi zambiri, amakhala mwamtendere (mwina chifukwa chakuchepa kwa testosterone mthupi lawo). Ligress yachikazi nthawi zambiri imakumana ndi kukhumudwa ngati ali yekha, mwina amakumbukira kunyada, komwe makolo ake sanatope konse.
Liger, ndithudi, si ziweto, iwo, monga makolo awo, amakhalabe olusa mwachibadwa ndi zizolowezi zomwe zimafalikira kwa iwo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nyama zapadera zimachita bwino kuti ziziphunzitsidwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawoneka m'masewero.
Zakudya zabwino
Liger ndi nyamayemwe samakhala mwachilengedwe, motero sadziwa kusaka yekha kuti akhale ndi moyo kuthengo. Zachidziwikire, ma liger sadzatsagana ndi gulu la ma artiodactyls kwa masiku kuti adzipezere chakudya, koma monga makolo awo amphaka, amphaka akuluakuluwa amakonda nyama yatsopano. Menyu omwe ogwira ntchito ku zoo amapereka kwa ziweto zimakhala ndi nyama ya ng'ombe, nkhuku ndi nyama ya akavalo.
Ma liger akulu amatha kudya 50 kg ya nyama patsiku. Ogwira ntchito yosamalira ziweto mwachilengedwe amalepheretsa kudya zakudya kuti nyama zisalemere kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri. Menyu ya ma liger nthawi zambiri imaphatikiza makilogalamu 10-12 a nyama yaiwisi, nsomba zatsopano, zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi mavitamini ndi michere kuti ana ndi akulu akhale athanzi, komanso masamba.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nyama zamphamvu, mwatsoka, sizingathe kuberekana, ndipo sizingathe kubala mtundu wawo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti amuna amtundu wa oimira adaniwa ndi osabala. Mlandu wokhawo wobadwa kwa ana mu liger udawonedwa mu Meyi 1982, pomwe sanakhale ndi moyo mpaka miyezi itatu.
Amayi amabodza amatha kubereka ana, koma kuchokera kwa mikango yamphongo. Poterepa, amatchedwa kuti abodza. Komabe, pakuwoloka ligress ndi mikango yoyera pambuyo pa mibadwo iwiri kapena itatu, sipadzakhala zochitika zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti wonama, chifukwa chibadwa cha abambo chidzapambana kwambiri m'badwo uliwonse.
Palibe chochitika chodziwika cha ligress yobala ana kuchokera ku kambuku. Izi mwina ndi chifukwa kambukuyu ndi wocheperako moti sangathe kulimbana ndi minyewa. Chimodzi mwazinthu zotsutsana zomwe zimayambitsa kusamvana pakati pa omwe amathandizira kubzala ma liger ndi omwe amawatsutsana nawo zimakhudza kuti kubereka, komanso mawonekedwe abodzawo, zimadalira khumbo ndi kuthekera kwa munthu.
Otsutsa amati osunga zinyama akukakamiza mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya nyama kuti iyanjane. Ovomerezeka a adani odabwitsikawa amakhulupirira kuti izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi ana odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la mahomoni. M'malo mwake, ma liger amakhala othandiza kwambiri kuposa makolo awo, chifukwa majini amakhala otakataka, omwe amaponderezedwa ndi anthu osadetsedwa.
Mfundo yachiwiri yomwe imayambitsa kukayikira za kuswana kwa nyama ndi mavuto am'maganizo omwe nthawi zambiri amawonekera pakati pa amayi obadwa ndi mitsempha. Amayi samamvetsetsa machitidwe a makanda omwe atengera mawonekedwe a makolo onse awiri. Pali zochitika pomwe ligress idamusiya mwana wake, ndipo ogwira ntchito ku zoo adatenga kuti amulere.
Otsutsa kusankha mwadala amazindikiranso kuti nyama zomwe zikutha msinkhu zimakhala ndi malingaliro osakhazikika kwambiri. Pali nthawi zina pamene ma ligress amakhala ndi kukhumudwa kwakanthawi. Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali ndi chinsinsi kwa asayansi.
Kumtchire, nyama zamtunduwu sizikhala, ndipo ukapolo, thanzi la amphaka akulu nthawi zambiri silabwino. Ana ena amamwalira adakali aang'ono. Amakhulupirira kuti akalulu amatha kukhala ndi zaka 25, ndipo uno ndi m'badwo womwe mikango ndi akambuku amakhala mu ukapolo. Zaka zokulirapo zomwe wolemba liger amakhala zaka 24.
Zosangalatsa
Malipoti oyamba anyama zachilendo adayamba kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18. Chithunzi cha chirombo champhamvu chiwoneka mu ntchito yasayansi ya wasayansi waku France Etienne Jeffroy Saint-Hilaire. Nyamazo zimakhala ndi dzina lawo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, ndipo zimachokera ku zilembo zoyambirira zamawu awiri ochokera kunja - mkango ndi kambuku.
Liger ndi nyama yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi; zisindikizo za njovu zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zazikulu kwambiri. Komabe, pakati pa nyama zolusa, amphaka akuluakulu ndiwo ambiri. Ana a Liger amabadwa akulemera theka la kilogalamu, ndipo pakadutsa miyezi iwiri. ana amafika pa 7 kg, pomwe anawo amalemera makilogalamu 4 okha pakadali pano.
Ku Bloemfontein Park (South Africa) mumakhala liger heavyweight. Analemera pafupifupi 800 kg. Kulemera pang'ono, yomwe tsopano ikukhala ku Miami, ndipo imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwakukulu pakati pa onse omwe alipo, - 410 kg. Kukula kwa zikhadabo za munthu wamkulu kumakhudza, kutalika kwake ndikoposa masentimita asanu.
Liger amakhala lero pafupi ndi munthuyo. Zomwe zapezeka pamphaka zazikuluzikuluzi zimakupatsani mwayi wowongolera momwe akukhalira, kusankha zakudya zoyenera, ndikuwonjezera moyo wawo. Zachidziwikire, nyama zokongola zimakondweretsa ndikusangalatsa aliyense amene adaziwonapo.
Liger, kukula kwake zomwe zimangodabwitsanso, zimakhala ndi khalidwe lofewa, koma kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi mphamvu zake zimapangitsa chilombochi kukhala chowopsa kwa munthu wapafupi.
