Nsomba zoseketsa zimatchedwa mtundu woyamba, womwe umafanana ndi kapangidwe ka jester. Kutchuka kwake kunayamba kukula atatulutsa kanema wa Disney "Finding Nemo", momwe wokhala wokhala panyanja wowoneka bwino adasewera.
Dzina la sayansi la mitunduyo ndi amphiprion ocellaris. Ma Aquarists amayamikira osati kokha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola, komanso chifukwa cha zina. Likukhalira nsomba zoseketsa imadziwa momwe ingasinthire jenda ndikupanga mawu ngati kudina. Koma chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito ndi ma anemones, owopsa am'madzi ozama.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Ocellaris-tapered atatu ndi mtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimayikidwa ndi ma perchiformes, banja la pomacentral. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 28 ya amphiprion padziko lapansi. Nsomba zowoneka pachithunzichi Chojambulidwa muulemerero wake wonse, ndizosavuta kuphunzira malongosoledwe amtunduwu poyang'ana chithunzichi.
Ocellaris ili ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono - kutalika kwa anthu akulu kwambiri kumafikira 11 cm, ndipo kukula kwakuthupi kwa wokhala kunyanja kumasiyanasiyana mkati mwa masentimita 6-8. Amuna nthawi zonse amakhala ocheperako pang'ono kuposa akazi.
Thupi la nsomba zoseketsa limakhala lopindika ngati torpedo, lakuthinimbira pang'ono pambali, ndikumanjiriza kwa mchira. Kumbuyo kuli okwera kwambiri. Mutu ndi waufupi, wotsekemera, ndi maso akuluakulu a lalanje.
Kumbuyo kwake kuli foloko imodzi yokhala ndi mphanda ndi koboola wakuda. Mbali yake yakutsogolo ndi yolimba kwambiri, yokhala ndi mitsempha yakuthwa ndipo imakhala ndi cheza cha 10. Pambuyo pake, gawo lofewa la dorsal fin lili ndi kuwala kwa 14-17.
Oimira mtundu wa amphiprion amadziwika ndi mitundu yawo yosaiwalika. Mtundu wawo waukulu ndimakhala wachikasu-lalanje. Kusiyanitsa mikwingwirima yoyera yoyera ndimakalata akuda amasinthasintha thupi.
Malire ofooka omwewo amakongoletsa malekezero a mapiko amchiuno, a caudal ndi pectoral. Zomalizazi zimapangidwa bwino kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Gawo ili lamatope nthawi zonse limakhala lowala mumthunzi waukulu.
Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zamtundu wa Ocellaris:
- zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta miyala yamtengo wapatali, anemones, zomwe zimayikidwa ndi maselo obaya omwe amatulutsa poizoni;
- mwachangu onse obadwa kumene ndi amuna, koma nthawi yoyenera amatha kukhala akazi;
- m'nyanja zamchere, Clown amakhala mpaka zaka 20;
- amphiprion imatha kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana, ofanana ndikudina;
- Oimira mtunduwu safuna chidwi chochuluka, ndiosavuta kusamalira.
Mitundu
Mitundu yambiri yachilengedwe ya Ocellaris clown ili ndi lalanje. Komabe, pagombe la Australia pali mtundu wina wa nsomba zokhala ndi thupi lakuda. Poyang'ana kumbuyo kwakukulu, mikwingwirima itatu yoyera imawonekera mozungulira. Zotere nsomba zokongola zokongola wotchedwa melanist.
Mitundu yodziwika ya nsomba zoseketsa:
- Perkula. Amapezeka m'madzi a Indian Ocean ndi Pacific North. Amapangidwa mwanzeru ku US state of Florida. Mtundu waukulu wa omwe akuyimira mitundu iyi ndi wowala lalanje. Mizere itatu yoyera ngati chipale chofewa ili kumbuyo kwa mutu, mbali ndi pansi pamchira. Iliyonse ya iwo idafotokozedwa ndi khungu lakuda lakuda.
- Anemone ocellaris - nsomba zoseketsa ana, ana amamukonda kwambiri, chifukwa ndi mitundu iyi yomwe idawonekera mu zojambula zodziwika bwino. Amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake apamwamba - mizere yoyera pa thupi lalanje ili kuti apange zigawo zingapo zowoneka bwino. Pa nsonga za zipsepse zonse, kupatula zakuthambo, pali mawonekedwe akuda. Chosiyana ndi ma anemone clown ndikuti amapanga mgwirizano ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anemones, osati ndi mtundu umodzi wokha.
- Chokoleti. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kwa zamoyozi kuchokera m'mbuyomu ndi mthunzi wachikaso wa chala chakumaso ndi kamvekedwe kofiirira kwa thupi. Amphiprions a chokoleti ali ndi malingaliro ankhondo.
- Phokoso lofiira la phwetekere. Zosiyanasiyana zimafika kutalika kwa 14 cm. Mtundu waukulu wa thupi ndi lofiira ndikusintha kosalala kupita ku burgundy ndipo ngakhale zipse zakuda, zipsepse ndi zoyaka. Chodziwika bwino cha nsombazi ndi kukhalapo kwa mzere umodzi wokha, womwe uli pansi pamutu.
Zogulitsa pali ocellaris makamaka, opangidwa mu ukapolo, amasiyana pakati pa mitundu. Ndikofunika kuti aliyense wamadzi amadziwe kudziwa zomwe zili mumtundu uliwonse wa izi:
- Chipale chofewa. Ndi nsomba yamtundu wa lalanje yokhala ndi mizere yoyera yoyera kwambiri. Iwo sayenera kuphatikiza. Kuchuluka kwa thupi komwe kuyera koyera kumakhala, ndikofunika kuti munthuyo azindikiridwa.
- Chipale chofewa choyambirira. M'mitundu yotereyi, mikwingwirima iwiri yoyambirira imalumikizidwa, ndikupanga mawanga akulu oyera amitundu yosiyanasiyana m'mutu ndi kumbuyo. Felemu lakuda lakuda lakuda kandalama ndi nsonga za zipsepsezo.
- Madzi akuda. Mwa mitundu iyi, zipsepse zimakhala za lalanje pansi, ndipo gawo lawo lalikulu ndi mdima. Pa tangerine peel body, pali magawo atatu oyera, ofotokozedwa ndi malire akuda wakuda. Mawanga omwe ali pamutu ndi kumbuyo amalumikizana wina ndi mzake kumtunda.
- Pakati pausiku Ocellaris ali ndi thupi lakuda. Mutu wake wokha ndi womwe umapaka utoto wotentha.
- Wamaliseche. Mitundu iyi ya clownfish ili ndi mtundu wolimba wa lalanje.
- Ma Dominoes ndi mitundu yokongola kwambiri ya amphiprion. Kunja, nsombayo imawoneka ngati chisudzo pakati pausiku, koma imasiyana ndi kukhalapo kwa malo oyera oyera mdera la operculum.
- Wakuda kwambiri wamizere yabodza. Munthu wowoneka modabwitsayu amanyadira thupi lakuda lokhala ndi mphete yoyera kuzungulira mutu wake. Mikwingwirima kumbuyo ndi pafupi ndi mchira ndi yayifupi kwambiri.
- Mizere yabodza. Mitunduyi imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mikwingwirima yoyera yopanda chitukuko. Mtundu waukulu wa matupi ake ndi ma coral.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kwa nthawi yoyamba nsomba zam'madzi inafotokozedwa mu 1830. Mtundu womwe wakambidwa wa nsomba zam'madzi umagawidwa kudera lalikulu. Mitundu ina imapezeka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Pacific, ina kumadzi akum'mawa kwa Indian.
Chifukwa chake, mutha kupeza ocellaris pagombe la Polynesia, Japan, Africa ndi Australia. Oyimilira oyenda panyanja amakonda kukhala m'madzi osaya, pomwe kuya sikupitilira mita 15, ndipo kulibe mafunde amphamvu.
Clownfish amakhala m'madzi am'mphepete mwakachetechete ndi m'madzi. Imabisala m'nkhalango zamitengo yam'madzi - ndizinyama zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala m'gulu la ma coral polyps. Ndizoopsa kuwayandikira - mafinya osatetezereka amatulutsa poyizoni, omwe amalemetsa wovulalayo, pambuyo pake amakhala nyama. Amphiprion ocellaris amalumikizana ndi zosawerengeka - amatsuka matendawo awo, amadya zinyalala za chakudya.
Chenjezo! Woseketsa samawopa ma anemones, ululu wa zokwawa sizimamukhudza. Nsomba zaphunzira kudziteteza ku poizoni wakupha. Ocellaris imadzilola kuti ingolumidwa pang'ono pokhudza matenti ake. Thupi lake limatulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono tofananira ndi tomwe timaphimba ma anemones. Pambuyo pake, palibe chomwe chimawopseza nsombayo. Amakhazikika m'nkhalango zamiyala yamiyala.
Kufananirana ndi zida zamagetsi ndikwabwino kwa oseketsa. Anemone ya m'nyanja ya poizoni imateteza nyama zam'nyanja zosiyanasiyananso ndi adani ndikuthandizira kupeza chakudya. Nawonso nsombayo imathandiza kuti nyama iwonongeke pomwalira ndi mtundu wowala. Akadapanda kukhala oseketsa, othamanga amayenera kudikirira nthawi yayitali kuti mphepo ibweretse nyama zawo kwa iwo, chifukwa sangathe kusuntha.
M'malo awo achilengedwe, ma tepi atatu ocellaris amatha kukhala opanda anemones. Ngati zotsalazo sizokwanira mabanja onse a nsomba, ndiye kuti ma clown amakhazikika pakati pa miyala yam'madzi, m'miyala yam'madzi ndi m'mipanda.
Nsomba zansomba zaku aquarium sizifunikira mwachangu malo okhala ndi zokwawa. Ngati pali nzika zina zam'madzi zomwe zili naye mu aquarium, ndiye kuti ocellaris amakhala omasuka kulumikizana ndi anemones. Banja lalanje likapanda kugawana madzi ake ndi anthu ena m'madzi, ndiye kuti limakhala lotetezeka pakati pa miyala yamiyala ndi miyala.
Akatswiri odziwa za nsomba za clown, akatswiri odziwa za m'madzi, amachenjeza kuti chiweto chokongola cha lalanje chikuwonetsa nkhanza, kuteteza anemone momwe chakhalamo. Muyenera kusamala mukamatsuka aquarium - pamakhala milandu nsomba zikaluma magazi a eni ake. Sachita mantha akamaopa kutaya nyumba yawo yabwino.
M'madera am'madzi, anemone imodzi kumakhala anthu achikulire okwatirana. Akazi savomereza oimira ena amtunduwu kumalo awo, ndipo amuna amathamangitsa amuna. Banja limayesetsa kuti lisachoke mnyumbayo, ndipo ngati lisambira kutali, ndiye patali osapitilira masentimita 30. Mtundu wowala umathandizira kuchenjeza anzawo kuti gawolo limakhala.
Chenjezo! Ndikofunikira kuti woseketsa azilumikizana pafupipafupi ndi ma anemone ake, apo ayi ntchofu zoteteza pang'onopang'ono zimatsukidwa mthupi lake. Poterepa, amphiprion imakhala pachiwopsezo chokhala mnzake wa mnzake wothandizirana naye.
Nsomba zam'madzi za Aquarium imagwirizana ndi pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamtundu wawo, kupatula nyama zolusa. Alendo ochokera kumadera otentha sangathe kuyimilira malo ocheperako komanso kuyandikira kwa oimira amtundu wawo. Mumikhalidwe yotere, mpikisano umayamba pakati pa omwe amakhala mdera lamadzi. Wamkulu aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi malita osachepera 50. madzi kuti ming'oma ikhale yabwino.
Zakudya zabwino
M'chilengedwe chawo, ocellaris amadya zotsalira za nyama yawo ya anemone. Potero, amatsuka matendawo ake ndi ulusi wowola. Mndandanda wa izo kodi nsomba zoseketsa zimadya chiyaniakukhala munyanja:
- zamoyo zomwe zimakhala pansi pa nyanja, kuphatikizapo nkhanu, nkhanu;
- ndere;
- kusokoneza;
- nthanga.
Omwe amakhala m'madzi am'madzi ndi odzichepetsa pankhani yazakudya - amadya zosakaniza zowuma za nsomba, zomwe zimaphatikizapo tubifex, magaziworms, daphnia, gammarus, nettle, algae, soya, tirigu ndi chakudya cha nsomba. Chakudya chachisanu, ma clown amakonda shrimp, brine shrimp, squid.
Kudyetsa kumachitika kawiri patsiku nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi yobereketsa, kufalikira kwazakudya kumawonjezeka mpaka katatu. Nsombazo siziyenera kupitilizidwa - chakudya chambiri chitha kuwonongeka m'madzi. Mukazidya, ma clown amatha kufa.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Amphiprions onse ndi ma protandric hermaphrodites. Poyamba, achinyamata ndi amuna osasintha. Komabe, ena amasintha jenda ngati kuli kofunikira. Kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa kugonana ndi imfa ya mkazi. Mwanjira imeneyi, gulu la nkhosa limatha kukhalabe ndi kubereka.
Ocellaris amapanga mabanja kapena magulu ang'onoang'ono. Ufulu wokwatirana ndi wa anthu akulu kwambiri. Phukusi lonselo likuyembekezera nthawi yawo kuti athandizire kubereka.
Mwamuna akamwalira ndi awiri, wina yemwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira amatenga malo ake. Ngati mkazi wamwalira, mwamuna wamkulu amasintha ndikutenga malo ake. Kupanda kutero, yamphongo imayenera kuchoka pamalo otetezeka ndikupita kokasaka mnzake, ndipo izi ndizowopsa.
Kutulutsa nthawi zambiri kumachitika mwezi wathunthu pamadzi otentha + 26 ... + 28 madigiri. Mkazi amaikira mazira pamalo obisika, omwe amawatsitsiratu, kuchotsa zonse zosafunikira. Izi zimatenga maola opitilira 2. Yaimuna imathira mazira.
Kusamalira ana amtsogolo kumagona ndi yamphongo. Kwa masiku 8-9, amasamalira mazira ndikuwateteza ku ngozi. Abambo oti akhale okangalika amatulutsa zipsepse zawo kuti achotse zinyalala ndikuwonjezera kutuluka kwa mpweya kupita kumangidwe. Atapeza mazira osakhala amoyo, amphongo amawachotsa.
Mwachangu awoneka posachedwa. Amafuna chakudya kuti apulumuke, chifukwa chake mphutsi zimakwera kuchokera kunyanja kufunafuna plankton. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mitundu yamizere yosiyanayo, yomwe imadziwika ndi nsomba zoseketsa, imawoneka mwachangu sabata limodzi ataswa. Atapeza mphamvu, nsomba zazikuluzi zikufuna okha ma anemone aulere. Mpaka pano, iwo satetezedwa ku ngozi - ena okhala m'nyanja sanyansidwa nawo.
Mukamabowoleza kunyumba, mwachangu amasungika m'mazira nthawi yomweyo. Malingaliro awa ndiofunikira ngati mitundu ina ya nsomba ikukhala mu aquarium kupatula ocellaris. Mbadwo wachichepere umadyera chakudya chomwecho monga akulu.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa amphiprions m'madzi akuya ndi zaka 10. M'nyanja yamchere, nsomba zoseketsa zimakhala motalika, mpaka zaka 20, popeza pano zili zotetezeka. Kumtchire, okhala m'nyanja akuvutika ndi kutentha kwa dziko.
Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa madzi m'nyanja kumakhudza kukula kwa anemones, kuchuluka kwawo kukucheperachepera. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwama clown kumachepa - popanda kulumikizana ndi ma anemones, satetezedwa.
Anthu okhala kunyanja akuvutika ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa m'madzi. Kuwononga kwake kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa acidity. Kuperewera kwa mpweya kumakhala koopsa makamaka mwachangu - amafa onse.
Pakakhala pH yayikulu yachilengedwe, mbozi za clownfish zimasiya kununkhiza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyenda mlengalenga. Pomwe amayenda mwachisawawa m'madzi am'nyanja, mwachangu amakhala pangozi - nthawi zambiri amadyedwa ndi zamoyo zina.
Ocellaris ndi nsomba zowoneka koyambirira, zolimba, zotheka. Mutha kuwayang'ana mu aquarium kwa maola. Ubale wawo ndi anemones umakhudza kwambiri. Ndi chozizwitsa kuti opusa aphunzira kupanga chitetezo cha poizoni wobisidwa ndi anemones ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati pothawirapo.
Chimodzi mwamaubwino amphiprions ndikulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Ngati mwini wa aquarium amayang'anitsitsa kuyera kwa madzi, kutentha kwake komanso kutsatira malamulo odyetsa, ma clown amamusangalatsa ndi kukongola kwawo kwazaka zambiri.
