Keklik - mbalame yophunzira, yomwe imawoneka ngati achichepere, achinyamata achangu. Izi ndi zomwe apaulendo ambiri komanso osaka nyama akunena za mtundu uwu wa mbalame. M'nkhaniyi, mungadziwe bwino za khwalala, momwe amakhalira, phunzirani zambiri za kusaka ndi kusunga mbalamezi mu ukapolo.
Mbalame chuklik - masewera omwe amakonda kwambiri alenje. Ngakhale kutchuka kwake ndi alenje, mtundu uwu wa Partridge umagawidwa m'malo ambiri m'malo osadziwika padziko lapansi. Zowononga zambiri sizimakana mapiri azakudya zamasana, nthawi zambiri zimazizidwa ndi kuzizira komanso kusowa kwa chakudya. Komabe, ma chukek amatha kuthana ndi zovuta zonse.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Partridge yamwala kapena partridge ndi mbalame yaying'ono poyerekeza ndi abale ake akale - pheasants. Kutalika kwa thupi sikupitilira 40cm, kulemera sikumafikira 900g, nthawi zambiri kumasiyana pafupifupi theka la kilogalamu. Mapiko ake ndi pafupifupi theka la mita.
Mawu a Keklik akhoza kumveka m'mawa kwambiri, amuna akamakonza "mayina oyitana". Zikumveka ngati "ke-ke-lik". Amatchedwa khwawa lamiyala lofananira ndi mbalame komanso malo okhala.
Nthaka ndi steppe zimadziwika mtundu wa mitundu. Nthenga zochuluka kwambiri za chuket ndi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamchenga. Imvi imapanga mithunzi. Pinki ndi buluu wokhala ndi kuwala kochepa kumachepetsa nthenga zopanda pake. Mutu ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa thupi: masaya achikaso ndi mmero, opangidwa ndi mzere wakuda wowonekera, nthenga za lalanje kuzungulira makutu.
Dontho lofiirira la vinyo limakongoletsa kutsogolo kumbuyo. Mphete zofiira zimatsindika m'maso. Pamimba pa partum pamakhala utoto wonyezimira; mchira umakhala ndi nthenga zofiira kwambiri, koma zimawoneka pakuthawa. Amuna ali ndi zotupa m'miyendo yawo. Keklik pachithunzichi amaoneka okongola. Imakwaniritsa malo oyambira mapiriwo ndi nthenga zowala.
Mitundu ya Keklik
Partridge ndi mbalame yosasinthasintha. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 20 padziko lonse lapansi! Kusiyanitsa kumakhudzana makamaka ndi malo omwe mbalamezo zimakhala. Kunja sikunatchulidwe kwenikweni. Tiyeni tione ena mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri.
Asia chukar
Asiatic Chuck ndi mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya mbalame. Nthawi zambiri, ndikulongosola kwake komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mndandanda wazamoyo zonse, ndipo amangotchedwa chuck. Chukarot waku Asia ali ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri logawira: kuchokera ku Caucasus kupita ku Pamirs. Izi zimatsimikizira kutchuka kwa mbalameyi kuti isunge mu ukapolo.
Keklik Przewalski
Keklik Przewalski amatchedwanso kuti partridge wamapiri aku Tibetan. Masiku ano, nkovuta kukumana ndi keklik ku Tibet. Malo ake okhala ndi mapiri m'chigawo cha Qinghai. Sizingakhale zovuta kusiyanitsa ndi chukar waku Asia: imapereka mtundu wa nthenga, palibe mzere wakuda pakhosi.
Partridge yaku Europe siyosiyana konse ndi mitundu yodziwika kwambiri. Kuti musiyanitse mbalame, muyenera kutuluka thukuta kwambiri, kusanthula mosamala ndikumvetsera anthu. Osati kokha nthenga zomwe zimapereka kusiyana kwawo, mtundu uliwonse uli ndi chilankhulo chake.
Partridge wofiira amakhala ku Iberian Peninsula. Icho chiri nalo dzina lake pa chifukwa. Zimadziwika ndi mtundu wa nthenga. Mu 1992, boma la Britain linaletsa kusakanizikana kwa nkhokwe ndi gawo lofiira kuti lisunge chakumapikacho ngati chuma chamayiko.
Arabia chukar
Arabia chucklik imakhala, monga dzina la mitunduyo ikusonyezera, ku Arabia Peninsula. Dzina lachiwiri la mtundu uwu ndi chukar wokhala ndi mutu wakuda. Sizangochitika mwangozi. Kusiyana kochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuchokera ku mitundu ina yamapiri a mapiri ndi masaya akuda ndi korona.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Phiri chuklik - mbalame yopanda ulemu, chifukwa chake imagawidwa m'malo ambiri kuchokera ku Balkan Peninsula kupita ku China. Mitunduyi imasinthidwa malinga ndi zikhalidwe za America, New Zealand, Hawaii. Atasowa ku Crimea, adabweretsedwanso ku chilumba. Tinasintha chukar pamasewera.
Mutha kuwona izi chukar amakhala kumadera otentha komanso kumapiri. Chifukwa chake, sizosadabwitsa kuti Chukhlik amakonda kukhala m'mapiri, m'zigwa, maphompho ndi m'malo otsetsereka osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, magawo amiyala amakhala m'malo okwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi nyanja.
Makhalidwe atha kuyandikira 4500m! Chifukwa chake, mutha kupeza ma chukaroks kumtunda kwa mapiri. Komabe, mbalame zimayesetsa kupewa malo okhala ndi chinyezi chamlengalenga, chifukwa chake mbalamezi sizingapezeke m'mapiri am'mapiri kapena m'mapiri ataliatali.
Njira yamoyo yamagawo obowolera miyala amangokhala. Kamodzi pachaka, nkhosazo zimangoyendayenda, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimayenda mozungulira. Ndege zimachitika pakagwa ngozi. Gulu lonselo, likufuula, likukwera mmwamba ndikupita kuphiri loyandikana nalo. Chuckles samathawa nthawi zonse. Zitha kutetezedwa ndi nthenga, zomwe zimaphatikizana bwino ndi udzu wokhazikika, mchenga, dongo, matabwa ndi miyala.
Kekliks amasunga kayendedwe ka tsiku ndi tsiku. M'mawa kwambiri amapita kukadyetsa, kukafufuza malo otsetsereka. Chakumasana, zimayenda pansi popita kumalo othirira ndi gulu lonse la ziweto. M'masiku otentha kwambiri masana, amapuma m'malo amdima. Pambuyo "nthawi yamtendere", nthawi yothirira imabweranso, ndikusinthidwa ndi chakudya chamadzulo, chomwe chimakhala mpaka kulowa kwa dzuwa.
Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo mababu, zitsamba, zipatso, mbozi, nyerere ndi tizilombo tina. M'nyengo yozizira, ma chukek amakhala ovuta. Zakudya zamasamba ndizovuta kuti zichoke pansi pa chipale chofewa, zomwe chukotka zimadya kuti zibwezeretse madzi.
Monga mukudziwa, mkuntho wa chipale chofewa ndi mafunde amafala m'mapiri. Kwa magawo amiyala, zoterezi zitha kukhala zomaliza. Mbalame zimapeza pogona ndikukhala mmenemo masiku angapo. Nthawi yozizira ikayamba mvula yamkuntho itatayika, amataya chakudya, m'masiku ochepa amalemera ndikufa. Chiwerengero cha anthu chimachira munthawi zingapo zakuthokoza chifukwa cha milingo yayikulu yamazira.
Chuckles ali ndi adani ambiri. Zokwawa, mbalame zodya nyama ndi zinyama zili ndi chidwi chodyera kambalame kakang'ono komwe sikovuta kwambiri kuti kakole chifukwa chamoyo wake wapadziko lapansi. Nthawi zambiri, magalasi amiyala amathamangitsa ankhandwe, ma martens, amphaka amphaka, ziwombankhanga za golidi ndi mphamba. Mdani wachisanu ndi chisanu. Ngati mbalame sizisonkhana pamodzi kuti ziwothe, ndiye kuti sizipulumuka usiku wachisanu.
Kekliks amakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi midzi. Namsongole nthawi zambiri amakhala gawo la chakudya. Nyumba zomwe zasiyidwa zimasunga mphepo, kuzizira komanso zolusa.
Samakhala panthambi, koma amayenda wapansi kapena kuthamanga m'malo otsetsereka. Izi zimawapangitsa kuti aziwoneka ngati otsekemera - abale am'banja la pheasant.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Keklik wokometsera amakhala nthawi yayitali - mpaka zaka 20. Mwachilengedwe, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo chimachepa kwambiri chifukwa chosankha mwachilengedwe. Komabe, oimira ambiri ndi amodzi okha, kusiyanitsa amapezeka pakati pa amuna okalamba.
Nthawi yobereketsa imayamba kuyambira chaka choyamba cha moyo. Ana akulu amathandizira kufalikira kwa mitunduyi, bola pakakhala kusaka mbalame nthawi zonse. M'chaka, gulu lokondana limatha: mbalame iliyonse imayang'ana awiri. Amuna amakonza "zovina" ndikutulutsa mawu ovuta.
Amakweza mapiko awo, amakopa akazi. Chisa cha Chuketas mu zomera zotetezedwa ku chiwonongeko cha adani a m'deralo. Malo omwe mumawakonda okhalapo pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Madzi ndi gawo lofunikira pamoyo wa mbalamezi. Zisa ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono omwe amakumbidwa pansi. Kuzama kwawo kumakhala pafupifupi 4cm, nthawi zina kumafikira 9cm, ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi 30cm.
Clutch ikhoza kukhala ndi mazira 7 mpaka 21. Pali nthawi zina pamene chowotcha choyamba cha nyengo chimakwiridwa ndi chachikazi, ndipo chachiwiri ndi chamwamuna. Ma Broods nthawi zambiri amakhala ogwirizana motsogozedwa ndi akazi, koma amatha kusiyanasiyana. Milandu idawonedwa pomwe ana angapo adalumikizidwa, osati gulu limodzi, koma mbalame zazikulu zingapo zimasamalira.
Mapiri a mapiri amakula ndikukula msanga. Pakangotha maola ochepa, mwana wankhuku amatha kutsata wamkulu. Pambuyo pa miyezi 3-4, samasiyana ndi abale achikulire. Chakudya chawailesi chimakhala ndi zakudya zomanga thupi. Mbozi, nsikidzi zimawapatsa zinthu zofunika kuti zikule mwachangu komanso kuti zikule.
Kuswana nandolo kunyumba
Keklik kwenikweni ndi nkhuku yopanda zoweta. Chifukwa chake, chisamaliro chake sichovuta kuposa kuperekera nkhuku. Mafamu ambiri amachita keklik kuswana... Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, magalasi sagwirizana ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame: mtundu wina wa nkhuku kapena pheasant umayamba kumenya ina.
Kekliks amalumikizana kwambiri ndi anthu. Iwo samangosakidwa kokha. Mapiri am'mapiri amasungidwa kuti azisangalala: amakongoletsa nyumba kapena kumenyera m'mabwalo a mbalame. Ku Tajikistan, keklik imatha kukhala malo okhala onse!
Kuvuta kwakubzala chippers kumakhalapo chifukwa chakuti akazi samakhala pa mazira m'khola. Mutha kutulutsa anapiye mothandizidwa ndi chofungatira. Dzira la Chuckleaf akhoza kusungidwa kwa milungu itatu kuti musamangidwe! Munthawi imeneyi, mutha kusankha mazira apamwamba, osagwa.
Mazirawo amawaika pachofungatira kwa masiku 25. Zinthu zanyontho ndi kutentha kwa mpweya ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Atangothamangira, anapiyewo amakhala otakataka, chifukwa chake amapita kukazunguliridwa mwapadera, momwe kutentha kumakhala kosavuta - pafupifupi 35C.
Zomwe zili mu brooder zimatha kuwongoleredwa mosavuta poyang'ana magawo. Popeza nthumwi za mitunduyi zimakhala ndi vuto loipa, zimakonda kukhala patali. Chifukwa chake, momwe anapiye akulumikizana ayenera kuyambitsa kukayikirana - izi zikutanthauza kuti anapiye ndi ozizira, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kutentha.
Akukula, Chukhliks nthawi zambiri amayamba ndewu. Pofuna kupewa zochitika ngati izi za mbalame kuti zisawononge, ndikofunikira kutsatira lamulo losunga anapiye: kwa anthu 10 - kotala la mita imodzi. Ngati malo alola, ngakhale ana osiyanasiyana atha kusungidwa m'khola limodzi!
Tizilombo tating'ono tomwe timagwidwa ukapolo, monga abale omasuka, timafunikira mapuloteni azinyama. M'nkhokwe, momwe mbalame zimaswaniridwira cholinga choberekana m'chilengedwe, anapiye amadyetsedwa ndi tizilombo: ziwala, mbozi ndi mbozi.
Kunyumba ndi kumafamu a nkhuku, izi sizingatheke. Chifukwa chake, alimi a nkhuku amaphatikiza chakudya cha nyama ndi chakudya cha mafupa. Tikulimbikitsidwanso kudyetsa anthuwo ndi tizilombo, titachotsa kale ziwalo zonse zolimba: mapiko ndi miyendo.
Kusaka chukar
Kekliks imagwidwa makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito misampha. Kusaka mfuti sikofala. Otsatsa mfuti amagwiritsa ntchito chikopa chapadera chotchedwa chordak.
Chipangizocho chimapangidwa ndi burlap yotambasulidwa pamitanda yodutsa. Mabwalo akuda amajambulidwa pachishango, nthenga za chippers, zikopa zamasewera ena zimaphatikizidwa. Chordak imathandiza mlenje kuyandikira kwambiri momwe angathere. Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chida, muchita bwino dinani kusaka zosatheka, chifukwa chukaros ndi amanyazi.
Mwachidule, titha kunena kuti chukar kapena phwando laphiri ndi mbalame yodabwitsa. Ndiwokongola, tambala, wosamala komanso wochenjera komanso mnofu. Kutalika kwa mikhalidwe yake yonse kumatsimikizira njira ya moyo ndi mayendedwe, popanda omwe anthu sangakhale ndi moyo m'chilengedwe, pomwe zolusa, mbalame, anthu, ndi nyengo zimabweretsa zovuta zazikulu.
