Munthu wamakono amene amayamikira thanzi lake amasamala kwambiri chakudya choyenera, chopatsa thanzi. Mchere ndi mavitamini omwe amapezeka munyama za nsomba zimapangitsa kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pachakudya chathu. Nsomba zofiira, zomwe ndizoyenera kuti ndizabwino, zimadziwika kuti ndizothandiza kwambiri.
M'modzi mwa omwe akuyimira banja la salimoni ndi char nsomba... Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zopindulitsa komanso zopatsa thanzi, mtundu wamadzi wam'madziwu ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti char ndi yotchuka makamaka osati pakati pa ophika, komanso idapezanso ntchito yake kuchipatala.
Asayansi-ichthyologists akukambiranabe za chiyambi cha char, mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana, malo okhala, ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kunena kuti mitundu ya nsombayi sinaphunzirebe bwinobwino.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Chodziwika kwambiri pa char ndi masikelo ake ang'onoang'ono, omwe sangawonekere ndi maso. Ndi yoterera komanso yofewa, motero zimapereka chithunzi chakuti nsombayo ndi yamaliseche. Chifukwa chake dzina la woyimira banja la salimoni. Char pachithunzichi imawoneka yokongola komanso yolemekezeka, nthawi yomweyo zimawonekeratu kuti nsomba ndizosankhika, chifukwa chake sizokongola zokha, komanso zothandiza.
Chosiyanitsa chomwe chimasiyanitsa char ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba zofiira ndikuchepa kwamatope akuda pathupi, kapena kupezeka kwawo kwathunthu. Kutengera mtundu, mwina sungakhale ndi wakuda, koma madontho oyera, beige kapena pinki, chomwe ndi chizindikiro choyamba kuti nsomba zamtunduwu zili patsogolo panu.
Komanso, mawonekedwe a char ndi mawonekedwe ake: itha kungokhala kapena kusamuka. Kusuntha kwa mitundu ina kumayambitsidwa m'nyengo yobereka. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nsombayi imakonda kukhala payokha, samakonda kupanga masukulu. Kulekerera mosavuta kutentha kwa madzi, char nthawi zambiri amasintha malo okhala. Poterepa, nyama yaomwe amakhala m'madzi imasintha mtundu.
Ngakhale mitunduyo, kuphatikiza pazomwe zatchulidwazi za wokhalamo m'madzi, ma subspecies ake onse ali ndi izi:
- thupi limayendetsedwa, lopangidwa ndi torpedo, lomwe limalimbikitsa kuyenda mwachangu m'madzi;
- mutu ndi waukulu, maso ali otukuka, atukulidwa;
- mchira wachitsulo;
- nsagwada zakumunsi ndizotalikirapo poyerekeza ndi chapamwamba, pakamwa pake ndi chachikulu;
- Pamaso pa mawanga, amwazikana ponseponse mthupi;
- mtundu waukulu wazitsulo zamchere ndi mimba yopepuka, mbali zasiliva ndi msana wobiriwira; m'madzi opanda mchere, kumtunda kwa thupi kumakhala ndi mitundu yabuluu yabuluu yomwe imabisa munthu m'madzi othamanga;
- kukula kwa char kumadalira malo okhala ndi mitundu: anthu am'madzi amatha kutalika kwa 1 mita ndikulemera makilogalamu 15-16, amchere am'madzi ndi ochepa - kutalika kwa 50 cm amalemera 1.5-2 kg. Zithunzi zazikulu kwambiri ndimadzi amchere. Unyinji wa munthu angafikire makilogalamu 30.
Sakani nyama, ngati zakonzedwa bwino, amatchedwa mankhwala azakudya. Kuti mbaleyo isakhale yokoma komanso yathanzi, nsomba iyi iyenera kupatsidwa chithandizo choyenera cha kutentha.
Simungathe kuwononga chinthu chamtengo wapatali ngati mugwiritsa ntchito njira yophikira mu zojambulazo kapena zotentha nthunzi pokonzekera. Mafupa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira msuzi wa nsomba.
Mitundu
Malo okhala char akuti mitundu ya salmon ndi amodzi mwamitundu yambiri. Zina mwazofala kwambiri ndi izi:
1. Nyanja. Malinga ndi akatswiri a ichthyologists, iyi ndi mitundu yakale kwambiri yomwe imafalikira kumadera akumpoto. Mitunduyi ndi imodzi mwamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Zitsanzozo ndizazikulu kwambiri, zolemera 15-16 kg, mpaka 90 cm.Munthu wotereyu adalembedwa mu Red Book, chifukwa chake kugwira kwake ndikosaloledwa.
2. Mpweya. Mtundu wokhala pansi womwe sakonda kusamuka. Ili ndi ma subspecies angapo, omwe amasiyana wina ndi mzake kukula kwake ndi zakudya. Kutalika kwapakati pa munthu ndi masentimita 45. Kulemera kwa mbiri ya nyanja char subspecies kumafika makilogalamu 30 ndi kutalika kwa thupi kwa 150 cm.
3. Ruchevoy. Mtundu wa charwu umakonda kukula ndikuchulukirachulukira m'mitsinje yayikulu ndi mitsinje yamapiri. Imakula pang'onopang'ono, koma anthu ake ndi akulu kwambiri mwakuti idayamba kutulutsa nsomba zam'madzi m'matungowa. Subpecies za mtundu uwu wa nsomba ndi nyalug char, yomwe, malinga ndi asayansi ena, idawonekera chifukwa chodutsa nzika zam'madzi zomwe zimafunsidwa ndi nsomba zam'madzi.
4. Pacific (Kamchatka). Anthu amtundu uwu ndi akulu, pafupifupi makilogalamu 10, amasiyana ndi arctic ndi utoto. Mitunduyi imadziwika kuti anadomous - panthawi yopanga, kamchatka char imayamba kusamukira kwakukulu kumitsinje ndi nyanja zamadzi.
5. Boganidsky. Malinga ndi asayansi ochokera ku Siberia, mtundu uwu wa char umadziwika kuti ndi umodzi mwabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa omega acid munyama yake. Chiwerengero chake ndi chochepa, chifukwa chake ndizosowa kwambiri kukumana ndi nsomba zoterezi.
6. Masharubu (avdyushka). Char iyi ndi ya dongosolo la ma carps, imapezeka m'mitsinje yaying'ono, nyanja ndi malo osungira, komwe kuli pansi pamchenga komanso kuthamanga kwamadzi. Nsomba zazing'ono sizimafika kutalika kwa 20 cm. Mbali yapadera ya mitunduyi ndi kupezeka kwa tinyanga tating'onoting'ono. Musanadzimwe nyengo yozizira, avdyushka imabowola pansi pamchenga pansi, chifukwa chake palibe chifukwa choigwira panthawiyi.
Kuphatikiza pamwambapa, palinso zachikasu, char, davatchan, Dolly Varden char, ndi zina zambiri. Ngakhale kuti anthu ena amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi amchere amchere, nsomba iyi singatchedwe kuti nsomba zam'nyanja. Chifukwa cha ichi ndikuti nzika zam'madzi sizimagawidwa kunyanja, koma nthawi yonse yomwe ikukhalapo imakonda kukhala pakamwa pa mtsinje womwe udachokerako.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Char nsomba mwachilengedwe chake, munthu wamba wamba, samakonda kupanga gulu. Anthu amtundu uwu wa salmon ndiwodzichepetsa chifukwa cha kutentha kwa madzi, chifukwa chake, malo awo amakhala matupi amadzi kumpoto kwakutali.
Nyamayo imalekerera mosavuta mchere wambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitundu ina isamukire kumalo ena kupita kwina. Kusankhidwa kwa char mu chakudya kumathandizanso kuti anthu azikhala ndi moyo wabwino; ngakhale atapambana mofanana amatha kudyetsa zamoyo zonse, ndikudziwonetsera ngati wolusa, komanso zomera zam'madzi.
Malo okhala char ndi ochulukirapo. Pofunafuna chakudya, amapitiliza "kuyenda", akusunthira mtunda wautali kuchokera komwe amakhala. Ku Russia, mitundu yamchere ya salimoni imapezeka nthawi zambiri ku Western Siberia, Baikal ndi Amur basin, ndi Trans-Urals Territory.
Asodzi amadziwa kuti mumitsinje yaying'ono ndi nyanja, mitsinje yamapiri char amakhala wapakatikati. Anthu olemera kwambiri amapezeka m'mabeseni akuluakulu, ndipo samasiya malo obalirana ataliatali.
Chodziwika bwino cha char ndikuti zitsanzo zomwe zimakhala m'madzi abwino, monga lamulo, zimapita kunyanja kuti zibereke, ndipo iwo omwe anakulira m'madzi amchere amakonda kuyikira mazira m'madzi amadzi abwino. Kupatula kwawo ndi char char, chomwe chimangokhala ndikukhala komwe amakulira.
Zakudya zabwino
Ubwino wa nsombayi ndikuti ndiwodzichepetsa kwambiri pachakudya. Atakwanitsa zaka 2-3, okhala m'madzi amtunduwu amayamba kuwononga chakudya, momwe amadzinenera kuti ndi odyetsa. Amakopeka ndi cod yaing'ono, capelin, pollock, gerbil, goby, smelt, ndi zina zotero. Chitsulocho sichikana kuchokera ku zing'onoting'ono zazing'ono, molluscs ndi nyongolotsi zamadzi, tizilombo.
Ngakhale kuti imadziwika kuti ndi nsomba yomwe imakonda kukhala payokha, nthawi yopatsa chakudya, olusa amasonkhana m'masukulu (masukulu). Izi zimathandizira kusaka, komanso kupulumutsa ku ziwopsezo za nsomba zikuluzikulu zolusa. Nthawi yomweyo, mbadwo wachinyamata wa char nthawi zonse umakhala pansi pa chitetezo ndi chitetezo cha okalamba. Izi zimathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zamoyo.
Chifukwa cha luso lapadera la char kuti azitha kuyendetsa kagayidwe kake, komanso kukula kwamatumbo, komwe, ndikasaka bwino, kadzaza mphamvu, nsomba zimatha kukhala opanda chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi yomweyo, thanzi lake komanso kulemera kwake sikungasinthe mwanjira iliyonse.
Kupadera kwa char ndikuthanso kumasula malo mokakamiza m'mimba mokakamiza. Izi ndizowona makamaka panthawi yobereka. Komabe, atatopa ndi kusamuka chifukwa chobala kuphatikiza kuperewera kwa zakudya, char amataya mphamvu zake ndikuyamba kufa mwaunyinji.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kuyamba kubala nsomba yofiira char imagwera mkatikati mwa masika, Epulo, ndikutha mu Meyi-Juni. Komabe, mitundu ina ya nyama zolusa zimayamba kuberekana pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira. Zaka za anthu okhwima ndi zaka 3-5. Izi zimadalira momwe dera limakhalira komanso malo okhala char.
Oimira banja la salmon omwe amakhala m'malo osungira madzi amchere amasankha madzi osaya, mitsinje kapena njira zopangira zomwe zingapatse ana amtsogolo mpweya wabwino.
Kusunthira panyanja char kumachoka m'malo okhala ndikupita kumadzi m'mitsinje ndi m'nyanja ndi madzi abwino. Nthawi yomweyo, sawona zopinga zilizonse kutsidya lina lamtsinje, kapena kumtunda kosagwirizana pansi.
Tchalitchichi chimasankha zomera zapansi pamadzi m'malo oberekera. Mitundu ina imamera mumchenga, miyala, kapena miyala m'madzi. M'nyengo yokhwima, amuna ndi akazi amasintha mtundu wawo kuti akope mbali inayo. Mu mitundu ina ya char, ziphuphu ndi zotuluka zimawonekera kunja kwa masikelo.
Mkazi amatenga nawo gawo "chisa", ndikugogodera pansi ndi mchira wake. Kumeneko amaikira mazira a lalanje kapena ofiira, 4-5 mm lililonse. Pambuyo pa umuna wa mazira amphongo, mkaziyo pawokha amagona pakukhumudwa, ndikupanga kukwera pang'ono. Mbadwo wachinyamata woyamba umapezeka koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira kapena masika (kutengera mtundu wa char). Imadyetsa zamoyo zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala pansi pamadzi.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nsomba za roe char ali ndi thanzi labwino. Chifukwa chake, masiku ano mabizinesi ambiri akuchita kulima kwanyama kwa nyamayi. Komabe, caviar yokhayo yomwe idapezedwa kuchokera kwa anthu omwe amatsogolera njira yachilengedwe, yachilengedwe ndiyo imabweretsa phindu lalikulu.
Nthawi yayitali ya char ndi zaka 7. Komabe, mitundu yonga arctic imatha kukhala zaka 12. Munthu wamkulu akamakula, m'pamenenso amakhala wamanja m'modzi, amakana kulowa nawo ziweto, makamaka pakufunafuna chakudya.
Char kusodza
Asodzi pamabwalo nthawi zambiri amagawana nawo zomwe amachita bwino posodza. Kupatula apo, chilombochi ndi nyama yomwe aliyense amafunikira. Pogawana malingaliro, akatswiri anglers amalangiza kusodza nsomba gwiritsani ntchito supuni, yomwe ndi yokongola kwambiri kwa nyama zam'madzi zomwe zimadya nyama. Ngati ndodo yoyandama imagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana nayo, ndiye kuti ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito timitengo ta nsomba, nyongolotsi ngati nyambo.
Nthawi yabwino kukawedza char ndikulowa ndi kutuluka kwa dzuwa. Ndi nthawi imeneyi yomwe chilombocho chimayamba kufunafuna chakudya, kugwira tizilombo tomwe timagwera pamwamba pamadzi. M'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito pansi kuti muphe nsomba - chilombo panthawiyi chimakhala pafupi ndi pansi kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, komwe chimasaka mphutsi, nkhanu, mphutsi, ndi zina zambiri pofunafuna chakudya.
Kuthetsa, nyambo ndi nyambo ya char ziyenera kusankhidwa, kuyang'ana nyengo, mawonekedwe a posungira, mtundu wa mitundu yomwe imakhalamo. Asodzi odziwa bwino ntchito yawo amalimbikitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito chida choluma chomwe chimakopa nsomba mothandizidwa ndi ma pheromones apadera omwe amachititsa kuti chilombocho chikhale ndi chilakolako chofuna kudya. Poterepa, pali mwayi uliwonse wogwira chikho chomwe akhala akuyembekeza kwa nthawi yayitali.
Nsomba ndi chimodzi mwazakudya zomwe munthu aliyense ayenera kudya. Nsomba zokoma za char Ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodyera yomwe imangobweretsa chisangalalo chophikira, komanso imadzaza thupi ndi zinthu zofunikira. Chilombo ichi, chogwidwa ndi dzanja lake, chimapereka chisangalalo chapadera. Sizomvetsa chisoni kuti sitigwiritsa ntchito nthawi kapena mphamvu pa izi.
