Mwa mitundu yambiri ya njuchi, pali zomwe sizimabweretsa uchi. Palibe uchi - palibe phindu, anthu ambiri omwe sadziwa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa amaganiza. Pachabe. Njuchi yamatabwa satenga uchi, amawoneka mosiyana ndi machitidwe, komabe, imakopa chidwi cha alimi ambiri. Ndipo ndichifukwa chake.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Padziko lonse lapansi, asayansi amatulukira mitundu yoposa 20,000 ya njuchi. Mu tizilombo tambirimbiri, njuchi ya kalipentala ili ndi malo apadera. Dzinalo la kachilomboka ndi Xylocopa wofiirira. Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, ndizovuta kuzilingalira, koma Njuchi yamatabwa pachithunzichi zikuwoneka zodabwitsa.
Mbali yapadera ya iye kuchokera kwa anzawo ndi mtundu wa thupi lake ndi mapiko. Thupi la njuchi ndi lakuda, ndipo mapiko ake ndi amdima wabuluu wonyezimira. Njuchi zaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi lakuda. Masharubu amakhalanso akuda, koma mkati mwake muli kofiira.
Zosiyanazi zimaphatikizaponso miyendo ya shaggy ndi nsagwada zazikulu, zamphamvu zomwe zimatha kugaya zida zolimba. Njuchi zamatabwa wamba nthawi zonse amasankha ngati nyumba yake mtengo, kapena chilichonse chopangidwa ndi matabwa.
Njuchi zimasonkhanitsa mungu ndi kuyendetsa mungu nthawi zingapo kuposa tizilombo tina tomwe timauluka, chifukwa timakhala ndi ubweya wambiri pamiyendo yake. Koma ngati tizilombo takhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba ya munthu, musayembekezere chilichonse chabwino. Mitengo ndi mipando zitha kuwonongeka mpaka kalekale.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kukula kwa njuchi yamatabwa kumasiyana ndi njuchi zonse. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 2.5. Anthu akulu amafika masentimita atatu. Kukula kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti tizilombo tiziwoneke ngati njuchi kapena ntchentche yayikulu. Ndikosavuta kudziwa kuti njuchi ili pafupi, chifukwa mapikowo, ngakhale kuti siakulu poyerekeza ndi thupi, amagwira ntchito mwachangu komanso amatulutsa mawu.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti njuchi yamatabwa sichiukira munthu popanda chifukwa. Monga mtundu, sizowopsa. Ndi akazi okha omwe ali ndi mbola. koma Kuluma njuchi kwamatabwa chenjerani. Kuluma, tizilombo timalowetsa poizoni pachilondacho. Zimayambitsa kutupa kwakukulu, komwe kumatha masiku asanu. Poizoniyo amakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje lamunthu.
Zotsatira zoyipa monga mantha amanjenje zimakhala zofala akamaluma. Ndikofunika kusamala - njuchi m'khosi zimakhala zakupha kwa anthu komanso nyama, popeza njira yopumira imafalikira. Oxygen imatsekedwa ndipo imatha kuchitika patangopita mphindi zochepa ngati anthu sanalandire chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi.
Mitundu
Xylocopa ndi njuchi wakale kwambiri. Idakhalapo kalekale chitukuko chamakono chisanachitike ndipo chimawerengedwa ngati "zamoyo zakale". Asayansi ali ndi mitundu yoposa 700. Njuchi zamatabwa zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Kukula kwakukulu kwa America, mungapeze ma subspecies odabwitsa, omwe ndi akuda kwambiri.
Iwo ndi okulirapo kuposa achibale awo aku Russia ndipo amakhala okwiya makamaka. Milandu ya njuchi yomwe ikuukira anthu nthawi zambiri imalembedwa. Sungani mungu kalipentala wakuda wakuda Imanyamuka kawiri patsiku - m'mawa ndi madzulo, ndikulowa kwa madzulo.
M'madera aku Europe, njuchi zamatabwa zimapezeka ku Germany. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, mitundu yamtunduwu siyikhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Amakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu chamthupi. Kontinenti yowopsa kwambiri komanso yowopsa - Africa, ili ndi tizilombo tawo. Amapezeka makamaka ku Tunisia ndi Algeria.
Mbali yapadera ndi lathyathyathya, m'mimba mwake ndi masharubu aatali, pafupifupi mamilimita 6. Njuchi zamatabwa zaku Africa ndizankhanza komanso zowopsa, makamaka, monga nyama zonse zadziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, njuchi, popeza idaluma, imapaka phula lake phula, zomwe ndizovuta kutsuka khungu ndi zovala.
Zitha kuyambitsa zovuta zina. Muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri, kulambalala njuchi ndipo mulibe zomwe zingayambitse kusuntha kwa mikono ndi miyendo. Bumblebees amaonanso ngati njuchi zamatabwa.
Asayansi ambiri amakonda kukhulupirira kuti njuchi zazikuluzikulu ndi subspecies ya xylocopes. Koma ali ndi mtundu wachikasu wakuda. Mulingo wankhanza ndiwokwera kwambiri. Amatha kuukira nyama komanso anthu mosazindikira.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Njuchi zamatabwa ndi tizilombo posankha nyengo yotentha. Ndicho chifukwa chake sichipezeka kumadera akumpoto ndi makontinenti, komwe kumatentha kwambiri. Malo okonda kumanga nyumba ndi madera ndi nkhalango. Makamaka mitundu yambiri ya xylocopes imakhala kumadera akumwera kwa Russia ndi Caucasus.
Mwina iyi ndi mitundu yokhayo ya njuchi zomwe zimakonda kukhala paokha, osapanga ngakhale mabanja ang'onoang'ono. Samasonkhana pagulu ndikukhala pawokha, kusankha malo okhala momwe angafunire. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi malo omwe pamakhala nkhuni zakufa. Chisa chitha kupezeka mu telegraph ndi mzati wamagetsi, m'nyumba yamatabwa, m'makoma a zomangira, ngakhale mu kabati yakale.
Posankha malo okhala, njuchi yamatabwa sitsogozedwa konse ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya. Izi si chinthu chachikulu kwa iye. Pokhala ndi mapiko amphamvu, tizilombo timatha kuuluka mtunda wautali tsiku lililonse kuti tipeze timadzi tokoma. Tizilombo tolimba timatha kuchoka panyumba mtunda wopitilira makilomita 10 ndikubwerera.
Monga lamulo, tizilombo tomwe timagwira ntchito timayamba ndikukhazikika kwamasiku oyamba ofunda, kuyambira kapena pakati pa Meyi. Ndege yogwira imakhala miyezi yonse yotentha ndipo imatha kumapeto kwa Seputembara, pomwe kutentha usiku kumatsika pansi pamadigiri asanu. Nthawi zina, nyengo ikuloleza, njuchi zamatabwa wamba akupitilizabe kugwira ntchito mu Okutobala.
Zakudya zabwino
Njuchi Zapapiri alibe zosowa zilizonse zofunikira pazakudya. Iye, monga abale ake onse, amadya timadzi tokoma ndi mungu. Pofunafuna mungu wokwanira, njuchi zimadutsa maluwa pafupifupi 60 patsiku. Acacia ndi red clover amakonda kwambiri njuchi, zomwe maluwa ake amakhala ndi mungu wochuluka kuwirikiza kawiri.
Njuchi ya matabwa imasonkhanitsa mungu ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito malovu ake kuti ifewetse. Zomwe zimapangidwazo zimachepetsedwa ndi timadzi tokoma. Amasungidwa m'miyala yapadera ya uchi ndipo amateteza kuti mungu usasunthike panthawi yamaulendo ataliatali.
Malovu a njuchi amakhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timayamba kugwira ntchito mungu ukangolowa m'mayendedwe. Njira yothira imayamba. Iwo umasanduka mungu mu wotchedwa njuchi mkate - njuchi mkate. Perga imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njuchi zazikulu komanso obadwa kumene.
Njuchi, kubala ana, chifukwa cha tiziwalo tobisika, zofewetsa mkate wa njuchi ndikusandutsa mafuta odzola achifumu, olemera mchere ndi mavitamini. Mphutsi zimadyetsa pa iwo. Royal jelly ndichinthu chamtengo wapatali chomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mu cosmetology ndi mankhwala.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Njuchi Zapapiri salandira oyandikana nawo mwanjira iliyonse. Pofika masika, ndi nthawi yoti njuchi zibereke ana. Mkazi amasankha malo opanda phokoso kwa nthawi yayitali, chinyezi komanso kutentha. Nthawi zambiri, kusankha kumagwera pamitengo yowola kapena zitsamba zowuma, ndikukonzekera chisa chokha.
Njuchi zili ndi nsagwada zolimba. Ndi nsagwada zake zamphamvu, chachikazi chimatafuna ma tunnel angapo, ofatsa mumtengo wofewa. Mwa njira, zinali zokhoza kumanga "zipinda zingapo" kuti phewa ili limatchedwa "kalipentala".
Kusuntha komwe mkazi amapanga nkhuni kumasiyanitsidwa ndi m'mbali mosalala bwino. Kwa munthu wosadziwa zambiri, zitha kuwoneka kuti mabowo amapangidwa ndi kubowola. Pakumanga, yaikazi imapanga phokoso lalikulu, lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa kuyandikira kwake.
Chisa chikakonzeka Njuchi yamatabwa yachikazi imakonza timadzi tokoma timene timatulutsa mungu. Mkazi amaika dontho la izi m'chipindacho, amaikira dzira mmenemo ndikutseka chipinda chabowo. Gawo lililonse ili ndi pansi pa "chipinda" chotsatira. Kutalika kwa sitiroko iliyonse kumatha kufikira masentimita 20-30.
Chifukwa chake, njuchi imayikira mazira khumi mpaka khumi ndi awiri, kenako amatsekera pakhomo pakhomo pa chisa. The sealant ndi nkhuni zosakanikirana ndi malovu a njuchi. Kapangidwe ka timadzi tokoma kamakhala chakudya chabwino kwambiri kwa mphutsi, zomwe zimawoneka chakumapeto kwa Juni.
Dontho limodzi lomwe akazi amakolola limakwanira mphutsi mpaka nthawi yophukira, ikadzasanduka njuchi yaying'ono yamphamvu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi yopanga mphutsi sizofanana nthawi zonse. Amuna ndiwo oyamba kufikira msinkhu wofunikira. M'chisa, zimapezeka pafupi ndi potuluka. Chifukwa chake, pofika kutentha, mphutsi zonse zimakhala zazikulu.
Poyamba, njuchi ikaikira mazira, imasamala chisa chake mwansanje, ndipo pakatha milungu ingapo imachisiya kotheratu. M'dzinja, achinyamata amawoneka mu clutch, omwe samachoka msanga pogona, koma amakhalamo mpaka masika, kupeza mphamvu. Pakufika masiku ofunda, njuchi zazing'ono zimaluma mkati mwa magawano ndikubalalika.
Ponena za mkaziyo, pofika nthawi yophukira, amatha kufa kapena kugona ndipo amapitilizanso moyo wake munyengo yotsatira. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, njuchi sizibisalira. Amatseka mwamphamvu nyumba zawo kuchokera mkati ndipo amabisalira akakhala ogalamuka. Chakudya chawo panthawiyi ndi uchi ndi timadzi tokoma tomwe timasonkhanitsa nthawi yotentha. Njuchi zamatabwa sizimabisala, monganso achibale awo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, zisa zopangidwa ndi akazi sizikhala zopanda kanthu. Njuchi zatsopano zimazigwiritsa ntchito. Chisa chimodzi chimatha kukhala ndi njuchi zamatabwa mibadwo khumi ndikuzisiya pokhapokha nkhuni zitawonongeka.
Zosangalatsa
Alimi padziko lonse lapansi sasiya kuyesayesa kwawo kuti akhale njuchi yaukalipentala, kuti isanduke njuchi wamba yomwe imabweretsa uchi. Izi zikachitika, alimi padziko lonse lapansi adzakhala ndi njuchi yapadera yomwe singakhale yoopsa.
Koma zoyesayesa zonse sizinapindulebe: njuchi zimakula ndikukhala mokhazikika mwachilengedwe. Mitunduyi ndiyofunikanso chifukwa imatha kugwira ntchito molimbika ngakhale nyengo yovuta. Mvula kapena mphepo sizingaletse njuchi ya kalipentala kugonjetsa mtunda wautali ndikupeza mungu.
Njuchi zimadziwika kuti ndi "zosungulumwa". Izi sizowona kwathunthu. Ngakhale kuti aliyense amakhala payokha, iliyonse imakhala yolumikizana ndi njuchi zina zonse. Izi ndichifukwa cha chibadwa chobereka. M'madera amodzi, pali akazi asanu kapena asanu ndi m'modzi wamwamuna, yemwe amateteza gawo lake.
Mkazi watsopano akawonekera mdera lake, champhongo chimakwera kwambiri ndipo chimayamba kupanga phokoso lalikulu, kukopa chidwi cha wobwerayo. Ngati kulira mwamphamvu kulibe mphamvu, yamphongo imatha kukwera mchisa chake ndikubwerera. Amachita izi kangapo monga momwe zimasankhira wosankhidwa kuti amumvere.
Mukapeza njuchiyi mnyumba mwanu, ndi bwino kuchitapo kanthu moyenera. Koma choyamba, ndikofunikira kufotokoza ngati njuchi yamatabwa m'buku lofiira kapena ayi... Zotsatira zaposachedwa kwambiri kuchokera kwa asayansi zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu apaderawa kukucheperachepera.
Kuti mupeze malo okhala njuchi, pali zochepa zofunika kuzikumbukira:
- malo okondedwa afota mitengo yofewa;
- pomanga chisa, tizilombo timasankha zinthu zachilengedwe zokha, chifukwa chake simuyenera kufunafuna tizilombo, mwachitsanzo, mu mipando yothandizidwa ndi utoto ndi varnishi;
- onaninso momwe njuchi zimayendera nthawi yachilimwe pomwe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tikufuna malo oti timange chisa chawo.
Ngati apezeka, sikoyenera kuthetseratu tizilombo. Ndikokwanira "kuwatulutsa" m'nyumba zawo ndi mafuta, ziphe zaulimi kapena madzi wamba. Ndikothekanso kusindikiza mabowo onse pachisa. Njira ina yosangalatsa ndikuchizira chisa ndi malo oyandikira ndi zipatso za zipatso.
Ndimu, bergamot, mandimu, lalanje zidzachita. Samalani mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Gwiritsani ntchito zida zoteteza. Adzakutetezani ku mankhwala ndi kuukira mosayembekezereka kwa njuchi yaukali.
