Lipenga ndi dzina lofala pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yam'madzi am'madzi. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa zamoyozi ndizochulukirapo ndipo ndi am'banja la buccinid, mawu oti "lipenga" nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nkhono zina zam'madzi m'mabanja angapo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Banja la lipenga limakhala ndi ma gastropods angapo akulu, omwe amatha kufikira 260 mm m'litali, ndi mitundu yaying'ono yomwe siyidutsa 30 mm. Mitundu yomwe imapezeka kwambiri kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi ndi buccinum wamba. Izi kulira kwa lipenga kumakhala m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku North Atlantic ndipo atha kukhala akulu kwambiri, okhala ndi chipolopolo mpaka 11 cm kutalika mpaka 6 cm mulifupi.
Ma Trumpeter nthawi zina amasokonezeka ndi ma strombid. Koma strombids (kapena strombus) amakhala m'madzi otentha otentha ndipo ndi odyetsa, pomwe ma buccinids amakonda madzi ozizira ndipo chakudya chawo chimakhala ndi nyama.
Kapangidwe ka lipenga:
- Chizindikiro cha oimba malipenga onse ndi chipolopolo chopindika mozungulira komanso chopindika. Kutembenuka kwauzimu kumakhala kotsekemera, ndi phewa lozungulira kapena lokulungika ndipo amasiyanitsidwa ndi msoko wakuya. Mpumulo wamtunda ndi wosalala. Chithunzicho chimakhala ndi zingwe zopapatiza zofananira kukula kofanana komanso kupota pang'ono.
- Pakamwa (kabowo) ndi kwakukulu, mawonekedwe owulungika ndi siponji yodziwika bwino. Lipenga limagwiritsa ntchito m'mphepete mwa kabowo (mlomo wakunja) ngati mphete yotsegulira zipolopolo za bivalve molluscs. Pakamwa ndikatsekedwa ndi chivindikiro (operculum) cholumikizidwa kumtunda kwa mwendo wa nkhono zanyanja ndikukhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati nyanga.
- Thupi lofewa la nkhono za m'nyanja ndizitali ndipo limazungulira. Chomangirizidwa pamutu wofotokozedwa bwino ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timathandiza kuti tipeze chakudya. Maso awiri omwe amalabadira kuwala ndi kuyenda amatha kupezeka kumapeto kwa zovuta.
- Lipenga - nyanja clamyomwe imadya nkhungu yaitali, yooneka ngati mphete, yopangidwa ndi kamwa, radula, ndi minyewa. Redula, lomwe ndi gulu lolankhula zilankhulo zambiri lomwe lili ndi mizere yayitali yamano opindika komanso opindidwa, limagwiritsidwa ntchito kupukuta kapena kudula chakudya chisanalowe m'mimba. Mothandizidwa ndi radula, woliza lipenga amatha kuboola dzenje mu chipolopolo cha nyama yake.
- Chovalacho chimapanga chikwapu chokhala ndi m'mbali mwake mopyapyala pamwamba pa branchial cavity. Kumanzere, ili ndi njira yotseguka yotseguka, yomwe imapangidwa ndi cheka kapena kukhumudwa mu chipolopolo. Mitsempha iwiri (ctenidia) yolumikizidwa, yosalingana komanso yamphongo.
- Gawo lakumunsi limakhala ndi mwendo wokulirapo, waminyewa. Lipenga limayenda palokha, kutulutsa mafunde am'miyendo yolumikizana ndi kutalika konse kwa mwendo. Mucus amabisidwa ngati mafuta kuti athandizire kuyenda. Mwendo wakutsogolo umatchedwa propodium. Ntchito yake ndikubwezeretsa matope pomwe nkhono zimakwawa. Kumapeto kwa mwendo kuli chivindikiro (operculum) chomwe chimatseka chipolopolocho chitatsegulidwa pamene nkhono zimachotsedwa mu chipolopolocho.
Kutengera kwa chipolopolo cha lipenga ndi siphon (siphon njira) yopangidwa ndi chovalacho. Kapangidwe kabwino kakang'ono kamene madzi amalowerera m'kati mwake ndikudutsa mumtsinje - poyenda, kupuma, chakudya.
Siphon ili ndi ma chemoreceptor oti apeze chakudya. Pansi pa siphon, m'kati mwa chovalacho, pali osphradium, chiwalo cha fungo, chopangidwa ndi epithelium yovuta kwambiri, ndipo chimatsimikizira nyama yomwe imadya ndi mankhwala ake patali kwambiri. Woyimba lipenga akujambulidwa zikuwoneka zosangalatsa komanso zachilendo.
Mtundu wa chipolopolocho umasiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu, kuyambira imvi mpaka bulauni wachikasu, pomwe mwendo wa nkhono ndi yoyera ndimadontho akuda. Kukula kwa chipolopolo kwa malipenga m'madzi ozizira komanso ozizira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa.
Mitundu
Lipenga - clam, zogawidwa pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira pamiyala mpaka kumayendedwe osamba. Mitundu yayikulu imapezeka munyanja zakumpoto ndi kumwera, m'madzi ozizira komanso ozizira. Ambiri amakonda pansi kolimba, koma ena amakhala m'magawo amchenga.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya nyama zam'madzi za North Atlantic zomwe zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa Great Britain, Ireland, France, Norway, Iceland ndi mayiko ena akumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Europe, ndi zilumba zina za Arctic ndi nyanga wamba ya buccinum kapena wavy.
Izi gastropod lipenga imakonda madzi ozizira okhala ndi mchere wa 2-3%, ndipo sangakhale ndi moyo pamwambapa kuposa 29 ° C, osasinthasintha moyo wake m'dera lamtunda chifukwa chakusalolera mchere wambiri. Amakhala panthaka zosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri pansi pamatope ndi mchenga, panyanja kuyambira 5 mpaka 200 mita.
Akuluakulu amakonda malo ozama, pomwe achinyamata amapezeka pafupi ndi gombe. Mtundu wa chipolopolocho nthawi zambiri chimakhala chovuta kudziwa ngati nkhonozi zimasandulika ngati ndere kapena zimakutidwa ndi zipolopolo. Neptunea imapezeka m'nyanja za Arctic; m'nyanja zotentha zakumwera - mitundu yayikulu yamtundu wa Penion, yotchedwa siphon lipenga (chifukwa ili ndi siphon yayitali kwambiri).
Mitundu yopezeka kunyanja ya Japan yomwe imapezeka m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku South Korea komanso kum'mawa kwa Japan - Kelletia Lishke. Kum'mwera kwa Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi Nyanja ya Japan, verkryusen buccinum (kapena Okhotsk sea buccinum) ikufala.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Ma Trumpeter ndi ma sublittoral molluscs: amakhala pansi pamadzi otsika mumchenga kapena mchenga. Popeza khungu lawo silimatseke kwenikweni chipolopolocho, sangakhale ndi moyo mlengalenga, monga ma molluscs ena, makamaka mamazelo.
Zanyengo zimakhudza kwambiri moyo wamalalanje. Kukula kwakukulu kumawonekera mchaka ndi chilimwe, ndikukula kwina chilimwe. Imachedwetsa kapena kuyimilira m'miyezi yachisanu, pomwe oimba malipenga amakonda kubowoleza kuti asiye kudya. Madzi akatentha, amawoneka akudya. Madzi akatentha kwambiri, amabowolanso, osakwawa mpaka nthawi yophukira (kuyambira Okutobala mpaka chisanu choyamba).
Zakudya zabwino
Lipenga ndi nyama. Mitundu ina ya banjayi ndi yolusa, imadya nkhono zina, ena - odya mtembo. Zakudya za buccinum wamba zimafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. Amadyetsa nyongolotsi za polychaete, bivalve molluscs, nthawi zina amafa, amaphedwa ndi nyenyezi zam'madzi, zikopa zam'nyanja.
Pakusaka, lipenga limagwiritsa ntchito ma chemoreceptors mu osphradium yake (chiwalo chamkati mwa pallial patsekedwe) ndi mwendo wolimba kuti uziyenda pansi pansi kupitilira masentimita 10 pamphindi. Pokhala ndi kununkhira bwino ndikumva kayendedwe ka madzi oyenda kuchokera kumachubu zodyetsa za mollusk, imatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa omwe angadye nyama ndi nyama zolusa.
Nyamayo ikangopezeka, mollusk amayesa kupusitsa wovulalayo ndikudziyikira pansi. Amadikirira kuti bivalve atsegule theka la chipolopolocho. Vuto ndiloti mamazelo sangathe kupuma atatseka zipolopolo zawo ndipo nthawi zina amayenera kutseguka kuti asapume.
Lipenga limakankhira siphon pakati pa theka ndipo potero limalepheretsa kuti lakuya litseke. Siphon amatsatiridwa ndi proboscis yokhala ndi radula. Ndi mano akuthwa ataliatali, imang'amba zidutswa za nyama kuchokera mthupi lofewa la mamoselo, kuzidya munthawi yochepa.
Chiwombankhangachi chimagwiritsanso ntchito mlomo wakunja wa chipolopolocho ndi kutsegula chipolopolocho, kuchigwira ndi phazi lake kuti m'mbali mwa zipolopolo za bivalve mukhale pansi pa mlomo wakunja kwa chipolopolo. Kudula kumapitilira mpaka dzenje lipangidwe lomwe limalola lipenga kuti lizikola chipolopolo chake pakati pamagetsi.
Njira ina yopezera chakudya, ngati nyamayo si bivalve mollusc, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala obisika ndi gland omwe amachepetsa calcium carbonate. Radula itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kuboola dzenje mchikopa cha wovulalayo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Lipenga ndi dioecious molluscs. Mollusk amafika pokhwima pogonana zaka 5-7. Nthawi yokwanira kumatengera dera lomwe akukhalamo. M'madera ozizira kwambiri, kukwerana kumachitika nthawi yachilimwe kutentha kwamadzi kukakwera.
M'madera ofunda, monga European Gulf Stream, oimba malipenga amakwatirana pogwa kutentha kwamadzi. Mkazi amakopa wamphongo ndi ma pheromones, kuwagawira m'madzi kutentha kokwanira. Manyowa amkati amalola kuti zamoyo zam'madzi zizipanga makapisozi oteteza mazira.
Pambuyo pa masabata awiri ndi atatu, akazi amaikira mazira awo m'matumba otetezedwa okhala ndi miyala kapena zipolopolo. Capsule iliyonse imakhala ndi mazira 20 mpaka 100, m'mitundu ina imatha kupangika m'magulu akulu, mpaka mazira 1000-2000.
Chikhadzulu cha dziracho chimalola mazirawo kukula pamene akuteteza. Komabe, gawo limodzi lokha mwa achinyamatawo ndi lomwe limapulumuka, chifukwa mazira ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya ndi mazira omwe akukula.
Mkati mwa dzira, mluza umadutsa magawo angapo. Lipenga lilibe malo osambira aulere osambira. Nkhono zazing'ono zam'madzi zotuluka bwino zimatuluka m'mapapisozi pakatha miyezi 5-8. Achinyamata atha kukhala ochokera kwa abambo osiyanasiyana, popeza oimba malipenga amakumana kangapo ndipo mkazi amasungabe umuna mpaka zinthu zakunja zikakhala zabwino.
Ma Gastropods amadziwika ndi ma anatomical process otchedwa torsion, momwe mawonekedwe a visceral (viscera sac) a nkhono zam'nyanja amazungulira 180 ° poyerekeza ndi cephalopodium (miyendo ndi mutu) pakukula. Kupweteka kumachitika magawo awiri:
- Gawo loyamba ndi laminyewa;
- yachiwiri ndi mutagenic.
Zotsatira za kupsinjika, makamaka, thupi, thupi - thupi limakula mofanana, ziwalo zamkati zimadutsana, ziwalo zina (nthawi zambiri kumanzere) kwa thupi zimachepa kapena kutha.
Kuzungulira uku kumabweretsa mphako wa chovalacho ndi anus pamwamba pake; Zogulitsa zam'mimba, zoyipa komanso zoberekera zimamasulidwa kumbuyo kwa mollusc. Torsion imathandiza kuteteza thupi, popeza mutu umasonkhanitsidwa mu chipolopolo patsogolo pa mwendo.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa nsomba zam'nyanja, kupatula zomwe zimakhudza anthu, kuyambira zaka 10 mpaka 15. Lipenga limakula pogwiritsa ntchito chovalacho kutulutsa calcium carbonate kukulitsa chipolopolocho mozungulira pakati kapena columella, ndikupanga ma revs akamakula. Mimba yomaliza, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yayikulu kwambiri, ndimayendedwe amthupi, omwe amathera potsegulira nkhono zanyanja kutuluka.
Kugwira lipenga
Ngakhale lipenga ilibe phindu kwenikweni pamalonda, imawonedwa ngati chisangalalo chapamwamba. Pali nyengo ziwiri zosodza mollusk - kuyambira Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa Juni komanso kuyambira Novembala mpaka Disembala.
Amagwidwa makamaka m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja pazombo zing'onozing'ono mothandizidwa ndi misampha, yofanana ndi ya nkhanu, koma yaying'ono komanso yosavuta kupanga. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zotengera zapulasitiki zokutidwa ndi nayiloni kapena mauna okhala ndi totsegulira pang'ono pamwamba.
Pansi pake pamakhala cholemera kuti mukhale olimba pansi panyanja, koma muli ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono olola ngalande poyenda. Mbalame ya mtundu wa mollusk imakwawa kudzera pakhomo lolowera ku nyamboyo, koma ikakodwa, imatha kutuluka. Misampha imamangiriridwa ndi zingwe ndipo imadziwika ndi zoyandama pamwamba.
Lipenga ndi chakudya chotchuka, makamaka ku France. Ndikokwanira kuyang'ana pa "mbale yam'madzi" (assiette de la mer), komwe mumapeza mabotolo owoneka bwino komanso otsekemera (monga achi French amatcha lipenga), ndikununkhira kwa mchere.
Malo ena ofunikira ndi Far East, komwe kapangidwe kake ndi kusasinthasintha kwa lipenga kumapangitsa kukhala cholowa m'malo mwa nkhono za thermophilic, zomwe tsopano ndizosowa komanso zotsika mtengo kwambiri chifukwa cha usodzi wambiri.
