Maina mbalame yochokera kubanja lowala. Amawoneka kwambiri ngati nyenyezi. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikukula kwa thupi lokulirapo ndi utoto wosiyana. Nthawi zambiri mbalame yokongolayi idali khola ngati phala kapena nyimbo. Amatsanzira mosavuta mawu ambiri, ndipo amatengera zomwe anthu amalankhula.
Dziko lapansi limakonda kwambiri mbalamezi. Mayiko ena amamuwona ngati namwino wabwino koposa wowononga dzombe. Ena amalankhula za kuopsa kodzala, ndikuwakumbukira ngati onyamula matendawa. Kodi lainas ndi ndani ndipo ndi apadera motani?
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Wapakati amakula mpaka 25-28 cm m'litali. Kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi magalamu 130, ndipo mapiko ake amafikira theka la mita. Pansi, mbalameyi imayenda makamaka ikadumpha. Imawuluka mwamphamvu, koma mwachangu kwambiri. Titawona kanjira kakuuluka kamodzi, ndizosatheka kale kuti tisokoneze ndi mbalame ina.
Izi zimathandizidwa osati ndi njira yokhayo yomwe ikuphimba mapiko ake, komanso kusintha kwa mbalame mlengalenga. Pokhala pa nthambi, kanjira kamakhala kosawoneka bwino. Koma utoto wake wapachiyambi umaonekera kumwamba.
Mtundu wa nthengawo ndi wakuda kwambiri, nthenga zoyera zimawoneka kumapeto kwenikweni kwa mapiko ndi mchira. Mtundu woyera ndi mimba ya mbalame. Mlomo, miyendo ndikuzungulira mozungulira diso ndichikasu. Makhalidwe ogonana samakhudza mawonekedwe mwanjira iliyonse.
Zonse mbalame zamphongo ndi zazikazi zimakhala ndi mtundu umodzi. Maonekedwe a mbalameyi ndi osiyana pang'ono ndi kusiyana kwa mitundu. Mwachitsanzo, ku Coastal Lane, ndimayankhula imvi ndi buluu. Mtsinje wa Collar uli ndi mzere wachikasu kuzungulira mutu. Mu anapiye, gawo lakumtunda ndi lofiirira, lomwe limadetsedwa pakapita nthawi. Myna pachithunzichi zikuwoneka zachilendo.
Mbalameyi imadziwika ndi "kuyankhula". Kuyankhula myna Sikuti amangokhala ndi mawu okha, komanso amagwiritsanso ntchito mawu olankhula kwa anthu. Mbalame zokongola izi zimakhala momasuka mu ukapolo, zimakondana ndi mwini wake. Kudzipereka kwa munthu m'modzi kumafika pamlingo wakuti, ngakhale ikakhala kunja kwa khola, mbalame imamutsata.
Nthawi zina mbalame zimalumikizidwa ndi munthu, osati zikafika mchikwere chokha. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mumangodyetsa msewu pafupi ndi nyumbayo, iwuluka mosangalala kupita kwa munthu, kukhala pafupi naye ndikulankhulana. Pakadali pano, mbalame sizikuwopsezedwa kuti zitha. Kupatula apo, ali omnivorous ndipo amatha kuzolowera moyo watsopano.
Amayimirira kuzizira ndi kutentha. Mbalame zimakonda madzi kwambiri. Ngati pali mtsinje kapena mtsinje pafupi, amakhala pamenepo. Mwachisangalalo njirayo imasambira ndikusilira m'madzi. Ngakhale mu ukapolo, zidebe ziwiri ziyenera kupezeka mu khola. Imodzi yakumwa, inayo yotengera madzi.
Mitundu
Zonsezi, mitundu 12 ya mbalame zodabwitsa izi zimasiyanitsidwa. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri komanso yotchuka ndi iyi:
— Myna wamba, iye Mna wopatulika, amakhazikika pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi.
— Crest myna... Amapezeka ku China, Taiwan ndi Laos. Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsekemera pamutu.
— Myna wakuda... Mbalameyi imadziwika ndi kukula kwakanthawi kochepa kuposa anthu ena, imakula mpaka masentimita 23. Nthawi zambiri, imatha kuwona ku Asia. Amakhala pafupi ndi minda ya mpunga ndi malo osungira.
— Misewu ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja... Monga dzinalo likutanthauza, njirayi imapezeka pagombe lamadzi ku China, Nepal, India, Bangladesh.
— Njira yayikulu... Titha kuwona m'maiko onse a Indochina. Kukula kwa thupi lamtunduwu kumatha kufikira 30 cm!
— Kolala myna... Mbalame zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mzere wachikasu m'khosi mwawo.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Maina amakhala padziko lonse lapansi. Munthu adagwira nawo gawo lofunikira pakugawa mbalameyi m'malo mwake. Mwachitsanzo, Myna waku India anachotsedwa kudziko lakwawo m'zaka za zana la 18.
Kenako, adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito mbalame kuteteza nzimbe. Kudya dzombe lofiira, mbalame yamtengo wapatali komanso yaphokosoyo inagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri ndi udindo wopatsidwa. Iye anakhala mpulumutsi weniweni wa zokolola.
Myna imaberekana mwachangu ndikusintha moyo watsopano. Chifukwa chake, ziweto zawo zimapezeka osati mwachilengedwe zokha, komanso m'mapaki amizinda yayikulu. Masiku ano, mbalame zodabwitsa izi zimawoneka kumayiko onse. Amapezeka ku Asia, Thailand, Africa, Australia, Russia, Kazakhstan. Mu Russia, nthawi zambiri amapezeka Njira yaku Afghanistan.
M'mayiko ambiri, myna amadziwika kuti ndi tizilombo ndipo amayenera kuwonongedwa. Mwachitsanzo, ku Australia, mbalame sizikhala ndi adani achilengedwe, motero palibe chomwe chimalepheretsa ziweto zazikulu kuti zichulukane kwambiri. Gulu la mbalame limawononga mbewu mosavuta.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, Purezidenti wa Uzbekistan adasaina lamulo loti myna awonongedwe. Koma patadutsa zaka zingapo, boma lidavomereza kuti ligonjetsedwa. Kuchepa kwa mbalame kunachedwa pang'onopang'ono kuposa momwe amachulukitsira.
Ndipo ku Hawaii, a Mynes amadziwika kuti ndi achifwamba. Kupatula apo, mbalame zimawononga malo okhala ma petrel ndikudya anapiye awo. Mbalame zambiri zomwe zimadya tizilombo zimatha kupikisana ndi achibale apaphokoso komanso osangalala. Chifukwa chosowa chakudya, mitundu ingapo ya mbalame yatsika kwambiri.
Njirayo ili ndi adani ochepa. Izi ndi mitundu yambiri ya nyama zodya nyama nthawi zina, monga zosangalatsa, tyvik ndi sparrowhawk. Ndi chifukwa chake mbalame zimaswana msanga ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwawo pachaka.
Nthawi zambiri, njirayi imawoneka m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha, pafupi ndi madambo, mitsinje, mapiri ndi zigwa. Zokonda posankha nyumba, mbalame zimapereka malo omwe pali malo okhala pafupi. Ndi mbalame zokhala pansi. Zowonadi, m'malo awo, tizilombo timapezeka chaka chonse. Izi zimathandiza kuti ziweto zisamapite ku mayiko otentha.
Ngakhale kumadera ozizira akumpoto, mbalame zimakonda kukhala nthawi yachisanu m'malo omwe zimabadwira. Pakufika nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimathera nthawi yambiri pafupi ndi nyumba ya munthu, kumadya zinyalala zake.
Mwachilengedwe, misewu nthawi zambiri imakhala yamakani komanso yaphokoso. Amagonjetsa gawo lawo mwamphamvu, nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi achifwamba ndi mphamvu zawo zonse. Pakati pawo, mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimakhazikitsa zinthu.
Masango anga ndi osavuta kupeza chifukwa cha phokoso lawo komanso phokoso. Mbalame zimalankhula ndi mawu osiyanasiyana omwe achibale awo amamvetsetsa. Anapiye amene atuluka m'chisa amaphunzitsidwa "kulankhula" ndi gulu lawo nthawi yomweyo. Mbalame zikawona china chake chomwe chingawaopseze, zimachenjeza mwamphamvu aliyense wamtundu wawo.
Amagona usiku m'masamba a mitengo kapena m'maenje. Nthawi zambiri, kugona usiku kumachitika limodzi. Koma maanja ena amapuma pantchito ndikugona padera. Misewuyo imakonda kucheza ndikamazizira panja.
Zakudya zabwino
Myna mbalame amadyetsa tizilombo ndi mphutsi. Dzombe, ntchentche, mitundu yonse ya kafadala. Mbalameyi ndi yabwino kwambiri polimbana ndi mitundu yonse ya tizirombo. Kwa ziwala ndi dzombe, mbalame zimakhala zokonzeka ngakhale kusamuka. Mbalame zimapeza nyongolotsi ndi mphutsi pansi. Ndi mlomo wamphamvu, amatembenuza miyala ndikudya tizilombo tonse tomwe apeza.
Koma mbalame zimakondanso mbewu zamaluwa, tirigu, zipatso ndi zipatso. Ndicho chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amayikidwa pamzere ndi tizirombo. Kupatula apo, gulu la mynes limatha kuwononga chipatso chodya zipatso mosavuta.
Mbalame zimatha kusaka nyama zazing'ono ndi makoswe. Komanso, pa anapiye a mbalame zina, akuwononga zisa zawo. Anga samanyozanso zonyansa zaumunthu, osangalala kukumba zinyalala. Zomwe zimakhudza thanzi lawo. Mbalame zimanyamula matenda ambiri osasangalatsa.
Ngati palibe chakudya chokwanira, myna mwaphokoso amatenga maphuzitsi kuchokera kwa anzanu omwe ali ndi nthenga, kapena kumenyana pakati pawo. Potengedwa, chakudya cha mbalame zoyimba chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kwambiri. Kusowa kwa mavitamini kumatha kubweretsa imfa ya chiweto msanga.
Kwenikweni, amapatsidwa njoka zam'mimba, anagula tizilombo, tchizi, nyama, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Mbalameyi imasowa madzi akumwa ambiri abwino. Ngati mwininyumbayo ali ndi chidaliro pakukhulupirika kwa mnzake wamphapayo, mutha kupita naye kukasaka mu udzu wautali. Kapena gwiritsani chitsulo.
Kubereka
Myna ndi mbalame yokhayokha. Atasankha mnzake, amakhala naye mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake. Nthawi yokwatirana, mynah imakonda kwambiri. Nthawi zonse pamakhala ndewu pakati pa amuna m'malo abwino okhala zisa ndi chakudya.
Chisa cha Lane Zili m'magulu amitengo, m'maenje ndi m'malo ena achilengedwe. M'mizinda, mbalame zimakhazikika pansi padenga la nyumbayo, ndizosangalala kutenga nyumba zambalame.
Zinthu zomangira chisa ndi udzu ndi nthambi. Mbalame zitha kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala pafupi ndi mzindawu. Mwachitsanzo - ulusi, mapepala, pulasitiki. Awiriwo akuchita nawo ntchito yokonza chisa, kukulitsa ndi kudyetsa ana mofanana. Ntchito yoswa anapiye makamaka imayamba mu Epulo ndipo imatha kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Clutch nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mazira awiri mpaka asanu, utoto wonyezimira. Zimatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri anapiye asanawonekere. Amadyetsedwa ndi tizilombo chathunthu kwa mwezi umodzi. Anga ndi makolo osamala, akupitilizabe kudyetsa ana omwe atuluka muchisa kwa sabata lina.
Ana osusuka amafuna tizilombo pafupifupi 80 patsiku. Ndiye kuti, ngati pali anapiye asanu mu chisa, makolowo amayenera kuwuluka kukagwira nyama pafupifupi 400 patsiku! Makolo amayang'anira mosamala ukhondo wa chisa. Nthawi yoyamba, amachotsa zinyalala anawo akamaliza kudyetsa.
Nthawi yotentha, banja limatha kutulutsa ana atatu kupita kumwamba. Mndende, mbalame zimaswana mosafuna. Kuti mudyetse anapiye, mufunika chakudya chambiri chambiri. Chifukwa chake, izi zimachitika kokha mnyumba zapadera za nkhuku, pogwiritsa ntchito anapiye kuti mugulitse zina.
Utali wamoyo
Myna amakhala m'chilengedwe osapitilira zaka 5-10. Ali mu ukapolo, mosamala bwino, amatha kukhala zaka 20. Njira yaying'ono imawononga $ 400-500. Wokhulupirika, wosangalatsa komanso wochezeka mbalame ikufunika pamsika.
Zitha kugulidwa kwa obereketsa kapena mbalame. Panali chitsanzo pomwe mynah idakhazikika pansi padenga la nyumba kwazaka zingapo. Imeneyi idakhala ndalama zowonjezera zowonjezera kwa mwini wake. Anangotenga mwana wankhuku mmodzi kapena awiri ndikuwugulitsa kwa iwo amene akufuna.
Zosangalatsa
Mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'chilengedwe sizigwiritsa ntchito luso lawo lotsanzira. Mutha kumva kuliza malikhweru, kutsanzira mawu a mbalame zina ndikufuula. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi "chilankhulo" chawo choyankhulana.
Koma, pafupi ndi munthu, myna amawonetsa mosavuta talente yake yotsanzira. Patapita nthawi yochepa, mbalameyo imabwereza mawu ochepa ngakhalenso mawu, kutengera mawu ndi kuimba mluzu nyimbo zambiri. Ali ndi khutu labwino kwambiri lobwereza nyimbo zazikulu.
Mverani mawu a myna
Imodzi mwa mbalame zotchuka kwambiri ndi yamphongo ya Raffles. Woyendayenda wodziwika Kervath Wales anali mbuye wake. Adaphunzitsa mbalame kuyimba mluzu nyimbo yotchedwa "Star Banner." Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, mbalameyi idayimba nyimbo muzipatala, pamaso pa asirikali omwe adadzidzimuka.
Izi zinawasangalatsa kwambiri ndikuwonjezera chidwi chawo! Komanso, Raffles adayitanidwa kuti azichita makanema kangapo. Anali ngwazi yaying'ono iyi yomwe idapangitsa kuti mitundu yake ifalikire ku Europe ndi America.
M'zaka za m'ma 60 zapitazo, zinali zotsogola kusunga chiweto chocheza mnyumba. Ndipo kukwera mtengo kwa mseuwo kunatsindika mosavuta chuma cha mwini wake. Kenako, mamembala a gulu la Zoo adagwira mbalame ndikupita nazo ku Moscow kukagulitsa. Mbalame zomwe zimawuluka m'makola awo zidakhala zoyambitsa kufalikira kwa mbalame mu CIS yonse.
