Omwe amatsogola pazombo zamakono anali nyama zakale zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi zaka zambiri zapitazo. Amasiyana pamitundu yawo, imodzi mwazikulu kwambiri imatha kufananizidwa ndi njovu, ndipo zomwe zinali zazing'ono zinali kukula kwa ng'ombe. Zamakono sitima yankhondo, ngakhale wamkulu kwambiri, ali ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono kwambiri. Kutalika pafupifupi 1.5 m, kulemera osapitirira 60 kg.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Armadillo, nyama, lomwe limadziwika ndi chipolopolo chomwe chimakwirira thupi. Zinali zida zankhondo izi, zopangidwa ndi mbale zamafupa, zomwe zidalola makolo awo akale kupulumuka.
Armadillos ali m'gulu la nyama, lomwe limagwirizanitsa nthumwi zake ndi mano apadera, ndipo amatchedwa dongosolo la chidwi. Pakadali pano, ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi makumi awiri ya anthuwa ndi genera 9, yolumikizidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:
- Bristly;
- Olimba-Panzer;
- Mpira;
- Chachikulu;
- Yokazinga.
Anthu onse ndi nyama zosakhazikika zokhala ndi mphuno yoluka komanso makutu akulu owongoka. Chigoba cholimba chimateteza molimba kumtunda kwa thupi la nyamayo, chimakhala ndi mbale zolimba zomwe zimakutidwa ndi khungu la keratinized.
Zonsezi zimathandiza kuteteza nyama zolusa. Mbale zilinso pamapewa ndi m'chiuno. Kumbuyo kwake kumakhala malamba, pakati pake pamakhala chikopa chachikopa, chomwe chimalola nyama kupindika mu mpira pakagwa ngozi.
Mutu, nsonga za miyendo, ndi mchira nthawi zambiri zimatetezedwa ndi zida. Chifukwa chake, gawo lanyama lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri ndi gawo lotsika la thupi, lomwe limakhala ndi tsitsi lokhazikika.
Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yakumbuyo imakhala ndi zala zitatu mpaka zisanu ndi zikhadabo zazikulu zakuthwa zomwe zimathandiza nyamazo kukumba pansi, kutsegula zisweba ndi milu ya chiswe. Nyama siziona bwino ndipo sizimatha kusiyanitsa mitundu, koma zimakhala ndi fungo lokwanira komanso kumva bwino.
Izi zimathandiza kuzindikira oimira amtundu wina, komanso kulandira zambiri zakukonzekera kubereka. Mtundu wa chipolopolocho umadalira mtundu wa armadillo ndipo umatha kukhala wachikasu kapena wowoneka wonyezimira mpaka kumayendedwe amtundu wa pinki.
Mitundu
Pali mitundu ingapo ya nyama zomwe zili m'banja la Armadillo, mwa zina:
1. Mutu wamphete - mtundu uwu ndi wa sing'anga, kutalika kwa thupi ndi pafupifupi 35-80 cm, thupi - 36-40 kg. Chodziwikiratu cha mtunduwo ndi mchira wa chinyama; sichitetezedwa ndikukula kwa mafupa.
Nthawi ya moyo m'chilengedwe chake ndi zaka khumi ndi chimodzi, ndipo kupulumuka mu ukapolo ndikotsika kwambiri. Nyamazo zimakhala ndi chisoti chachikulu ndi makutu owongoka. Chiwalo chilichonse chili ndi zala 5, pomwe chapakati chimakhala chachikulu kuposa china chonse. Thupi liri ndi mbale 9-13 zosunthika. Mtunduwo ndi wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda.
2. Nine-belted - mitundu yotchuka kwambiri komanso yophunziridwa bwino. Habitat - yotambalala, yogawidwa osati ku United States kokha, komanso ku Mexico. Nyama imasinthasintha bwino chilengedwe, chifukwa chake imapezeka kulikonse.
Amakonda kukumba maenje m'mphepete mwa mitsinje pafupi ndi tchire lobiriwira ndi mitengo, amatha kusambira mtunda waufupi. Pachifukwa ichi amatchedwa sitima yapamadzi yapanyanja, nyama amatha kupuma mpaka mphindi 5-7.
3. Bristly - mawonekedwe ake ndi ochepa kukula, kutalika kwa thupi sikumangodutsa masentimita 45. Kulemera - 3.5-3 makilogalamu, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 10. Thupi limakutidwa ndi ma scular granular ndipo limakhala ndi tsitsi lalikulu. Nyamayo imakhala ndi bulauni wonyezimira. Amawonekera masana ndi usiku. Amadyetsa nyama yakufa, nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo. Amabereka kawiri pachaka, mimba imakhala yosabereka.
4. Chimphona kapena chimphona - kutalika kwa thupi ndi 1m, ndipo mchira ndi masentimita 50. Kulemera kwake kumafika makilogalamu 60, nyama ili ndi mphukira yonga chubu ndi makutu otakata, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mano opanda mizu kumafika pa zidutswa 100. Amapezeka m'madambo otseguka, matchire ndi nkhalango.
5. Zowotchera - nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pakatikati pa Argentina, Bolivia, Chile. Amakhala m'madambo ouma okhala ndi zitsamba zaminga. Yogwira ntchito mumdima. Munthu wogonana amakhala ndi thupi lopanda mchira wa 10 cm, mchira - 2-3 cm chithunzi cha nkhondo amawoneka ochepa komanso osadzitchinjiriza.
Mtundu wake umakhala wonyezimira wotumbululuka mpaka utoto wakuda. Kulemera - 80-90 gr., Wamng'ono, mutu wa oblong ndi zotsogola zamtsogolo zimasinthidwa bwino kuti zikumbe mabowo. Nyama imathera nthawi yake mobisa. Mitundu iyi ili pachiwopsezo chotha.
Palinso mitundu yazing'ono, kukula kwa thupi lawo ndi 26-35 cm, kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi 1 kg. Nyama nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokha, ndizosowa kwambiri kuziwona pagulu laling'ono, zimadzuka ndipo nthawi zambiri zimasaka masana. Amakhala m'nthaka yofunda ndipo amakumba maenje ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zoopsa zikafika, nyamayo imayandikira kwambiri ndikufinya ziwalo zake mu chipolopolocho.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mitundu yambiri yamitundu siyikudziwika bwino ndi asayansi. Nyama zambiri zimakhala usiku, koma zochitika zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera nyengo komanso msinkhu wa armadillo. Achinyamata amatha kutuluka m'mayenje m'mawa kwambiri kapena pafupi ndi nthawi yamasana. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimagwiranso ntchito masana.
Nyamazo zimakonda kukhala zokha ndipo nthawi zina zimangophatikizana. Gawo lalikulu la tsikulo limakhala m'mayenje, ndipo usiku amapita kukadya. Amayenda pang'onopang'ono komanso mosamala, nthawi zambiri amaima kuti apume mpweya.
Kuyenda kwawo kumawoneka kovuta pang'ono. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala pa phazi, ndipo kutsogolo kumakhala nsonga za zikhadabo. Chigoba cholemera kwambiri chimasokonezanso kuyenda msanga, koma ziwombankhanga zikayamba kuukira, zimathamanga kwambiri ndipo zimabisala mdzenje kapena tchire.
Armadillos nthawi zambiri amagwera nyama zosiyanasiyana: mimbulu, mphalapala, zimbalangondo, ziphuphu ndi nyamazi. Anthu amawasakanso, nyama zimawonongedwa chifukwa cha nyama yofewa, yomwe imakoma ngati nkhumba ndi chipolopolo cholimba, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zoimbira.
Dziko lakwawo ndi Latin America, koma panyanja pamakhala komanso ku South, Central ndi North America ndi Mexico. M'mayiko angapo, nyamayi ili pansi pa chitetezo cha boma, ndipo mitundu ingapo yalembedwa ngakhale mu Red Book, koma ngakhale izi zikupitilirabe kuwonongedwa. Izi ndizowona makamaka pamitundu ikuluikulu, yomwe yasowa mokwanira. Mbale, mutha kuwona anthu ang'onoang'ono, kuyambira 18 mpaka 80 cm.
Zakudya zabwino
Tikhoza kutchula nyamazi kuti omnivores. Zakudya zawo zimadalira tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi mphutsi, koma armadillos amathanso kudya chakudya cham'mimba kapena chovunda. Nyerere ndi chiswe zimaonedwa ngati chakudya chokoma chapadera; zinyama zimazikumba ndi mapazi awo otukutidwa.
Mitundu ikuluikulu imatha kuthyola zitsa kapena milu ya chiswe, kenako imanyamula nyamayo ndi lilime lawo lalitali. Chifukwa cha tiziwalo tambiri tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapezeka munsagwada ndikufika ku sternum, lilime limadzazidwa nthawi zonse ndi ntchofu. Nthawi ina, chinyama chimadya tizilombo mpaka 35,000.
Armadillos sawopa kulumidwa ndi nyerere, zimawononga nyerere ndikudya mphutsi. Chifukwa cha fungo lawo labwino, amamva kununkha ngakhale pansi. Mitundu ina imadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono m'miyezi yotentha ndipo imathanso kudya zipatso. Nthawi zina amadzaza chakudya chawo ndi mazira a mbalame zomwe zimamanga zisa zawo pansi.
Asayansi sadziwa kuti mtundu uliwonse wa armadillo uli ndi mano angati. Amadziwika kuti nsagwada zawo sizamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo mano awo osowa ndi owoneka ngati msomali ndipo samakutidwa ndi enamel.
Kapangidwe kameneka kamafotokozedwa ndikuti nyama zimadya chakudya chofewa, chomwe chimayamwa m'mimba, gawo lake lakumbuyo limakhala ndi mbale zolimba. Mano ali ndi muzu umodzi ndipo amakula moyo wonse wa nyama.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Popeza armadillos ali mgulu la nyama zoyamwitsa, amakhala omasuka. The placenta imangopangidwa panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, kudzera mwa iyo michere imalowa mthupi la mluza, maselo amakhala okhutitsidwa ndi oxygen ndipo mahomoni amapangidwa omwe ali ndi udindo wokula kwa mwana wosabadwayo.
Nthawi yokwanira imagwera nyengo yotentha, nthawi zambiri mu Julayi, ndipanthawi ino kuti akazi amakhala okonzeka kukwatira. Kutenga pakati kumachitika pogonana ndipo nthawi zambiri dzira limodzi limakhala ndi umuna.
Atangoyamba kumene, kamwana kameneka kamakhala mchiberekero kwa miyezi pafupifupi 3-3.5, kenako kuyika kumachitika ndipo mwana wakhanda amakula kwa miyezi ina inayi. Kukhazikika mochedwa ndikofunikira kuti mwana akhale ndi moyo wabwino.
Ana amabadwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, amakula bwino ndipo amatha kuyenda mosadukiza patangopita maola ochepa atabadwa. Carapace ya ana ndiyofewa, ndipo pokhapokha pakutha msinkhu imayamba kuuma.
M'miyezi yoyamba, akhanda amakhala ndi amayi awo, omwe amawadyetsa mkaka wa m'mawere. Kuphatikiza apo, ana okulira kale amatuluka mumtambo ndikuyamba kudziwa chakudya cha achikulire. Kukula kumamalizidwa kwathunthu ndi zaka 3-4, kutengera jenda.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa nyama kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira zaka 7 mpaka 20, ndipo kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala mu ukapolo ndikokwera kuposa zachilengedwe. Komanso, achinyamata amakhala ndi moyo wotsika kwambiri. Kupulumuka mwachilengedwe kumakhudzidwa ndi izi:
- Zanyengo - chilala, kutentha kwambiri kapena kutsika kungayambitse imfa ya nyama zazing'ono.
- Zilombo zakutchire ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimakulitsa kuchuluka kwa ana omwe amakhala ndi chigoba chofewa komanso kusowa mphamvu.
- Matenda - Matendawa amachepetsa kupulumuka.
Chowonadi chakuti anthu amawasaka ndikuwononga malo awo amachepetsanso kwambiri kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi moyo.
Chidwi chokhudza nkhondoyi
Chinyama chachinyama ku America ndi chuma chenichenicho chenicheni chodabwitsa:
- Amagona mpaka maola 14-19 patsiku.
- Amawona zonse zakuda ndi zoyera.
- Amatha kugwira mpweya wawo, chifukwa amabisala kuzinyama zomwe zili pansi pamadzi, zomwe amayenda pansi.
- Ndi nyama zokha zomwe zimakhala ndi khate.
- Saopa anthu, ndipo amatha kukwera nyumba kufunafuna chakudya.
- Akazi pansi pa zovuta akhoza kuchedwetsa kukula kwa mimba.
- Chinyama chikakumba dzenje, sichimapuma kuti nthaka isalowe munjira yopumira.
- Akuluakulu amatha kumva kununkhira bwino; amatha kununkhiza nyama ngakhale patali masentimita 10-15 mobisa.
- Kutalika kwa claw pachala chapakati cha chimphona chotchedwa armadillo kumafikira masentimita 18. Nyamayo imatha kuthyola makungwa olimba amitengo ndi milu ya chiswe posaka chakudya.
- Phindu la armadillos limaposa kungovulaza. Amawononga tizirombo tambiri taulimi.
- Maenje a nyama amatha kukhala ozama mokwanira, ndikufika mamita 5-7, ali ndi nthambi ndi mavesi osiyanasiyana, ndipo pansi pake amakhala ndi masamba owuma.
- Amuna, omwe amatsimikizira kuti ndi apamwamba kuposa amuna kapena akazi anzawo, amatha kupanga ndewu. Amayesa kugogoda wotsutsa kumbuyo kwawo kuti athe kufikira malo otetezeka kwambiri.
Amadziwika kuti bristly armadillo samanga nyumba yake osati mothandizidwa ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa, koma ndi mutu wake. Chinyamacho chimachigwetsera pansi ndikuyamba kutembenuka, ngati kuti chikulowetsamo. Chifukwa chake, sikuti amangokumba dzenje, komanso nthawi yomweyo amapeza chakudya ndikudya.
