Lingaliro logwirizana lokhudza komwe lidawonekera komanso liti nsomba ya rotan m'madzi aku Europe, ayi. Malinga ndi mtundu umodzi, mitundu iyi idabweretsedwa kudera la Russia kuchokera kumayiko akum'mawa ngati nsomba zam'madzi. Pambuyo poyikidwa m'malo achilengedwe, idasinthidwa mwachangu ndikuyamba kufalikira mwachangu.
Dziko lakwawo la rotan limawerengedwa kuti ndi Far East Amur River, komwe amapezeka ambiri. Nyama yachilendo, yowoneka yoopsa, lero ikuwopseza mitundu ina ya nsomba.
Mosungiramo, pomwe amagona mwamphamvu, mitundu ya zamoyozo imasintha pang'onopang'ono, ndikuvulaza nyama zam'madzi. Chifukwa chake, asodzi samakhala ochezeka pamtundu uwu wamadzi.
Okonda kusodza ambiri samangonena za kuwopsa komanso kuwoneka kosasangalatsa kwa nsombazo, komanso kukoma kwake kotsika. Komabe, asodzi anazindikira kuti m'madamu momwe Rotan amakhala, mitundu ina ya nsomba ili ndi zazikulu zazikulu. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa ndikuti, mwa kudya caviar ndi nsomba zazing'ono, rotan potero imapanga kusankha kwachilengedwe.
Anthu omwe apulumuka amakula modabwitsa. Chifukwa chake, momwe rotan imathandizira pazamoyo zam'madzi zitha kuganiziridwa kuchokera mbali zingapo. Mulimonsemo, kudziwana bwino ndi chilombochi kungakhale kothandiza komanso kothandiza.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mbali yaikulu ya nsomba Zowola - kuthekera kodzibisa m'madzi aliwonse komwe amafika. Kutengera mtundu wa chilengedwe (mthunzi wamadzi, chilengedwe chapansi), mtundu wa chilombocho ukhoza kukhala wotuwa, wachikaso, wabulauni kapena pafupifupi wakuda. Chifukwa cha zizolowezi za "chameleon" izi, nsomba zimabisala kulikonse. Mutha kuzindikira nsomba pakati pa ena ndi izi:
- mutu waukulu wosagwirizana ndi thupi, ndi pakamwa ponse;
- zokutira ma gill zili m'mbali mwa thupi;
- m'kamwa mwa rotan muli mizere ingapo ya mano akuthwa ndi owonda, omwe amawonjezeredwa akamakalamba;
- thupi la nsombali limakutidwa ndi zoterera, zosasangalatsa, zonunkhira, zomwe zimathandizira kuti ziziyenda bwino komanso mwachangu m'madzi;
- Mosiyana ndi nsomba za banja la goby, lomwe nthawi zambiri moto umasokonekera, nyamayo imakhala ndi zipsepse zazing'ono zazing'ono zomwe zili patali pang'ono kuchokera kumutu, zomwe zimadziwika chithunzi cha nsomba za rotan.
Sili yayikulu kukula. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 12-15. Komabe, pamakhala zochitika zokumana zazikulu, zomwe zimafikira 25 cm m'litali ndikulemera kopitilira 500 g.
Pa wikipedia nsomba ya rotan amafotokozedwa ngati chilombo chomwe chili ndi maso abwino kwambiri. Izi zimalola kuti ifufuze zazing'ono pansi pamadzi patali mpaka mamita 5. Komanso, mzere wokhazikika wokhazikika pathupi umathandizira kuzindikira komwe kungakhale nyama.
Mitundu ya mitundu
Rotan, yemwe amakhala m'matupi amadzi, ngakhale pali kusiyana kwakunja pakati pa zitsanzo, ndi wamtundu womwewo, wotchedwa firebrand. Kugawidwa mwachangu kwa nsomba zomwe sizikudziwika kale m'madamu, komanso kutha kusintha momwe zinthu zilili, zidathandizira kuti idalandira mayina ena ambiri: goby, forge, sandpiper, matabwa ozungulira, gulper, wrasse, ndi zina zambiri.
Chowotcha chofala kwambiri chomwe chimakhala m'madzi a Russia ndi chofiirira mu utoto komanso kukula kwake. Nsomba zomwe zimasambira kufupi ndi pansi zimakhala ndi mdima wakuda. Mosasamala mtundu ndi dzina lomwe asodzi amapatsa chilombocho m'malo osiyanasiyana, mitundu yonse yomwe imagwidwa ndi ya mtundu womwewo.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mkuntho wa nsomba zamtendere, chowotcha moto, chimasankha malo okhala ndi madzi osasunthika ngati malo okhalamo: madambo, mayiwe am'madzi, mivi ya mitsinje, nyanja zazing'ono. Zochepa kwambiri mitsinje ya rotan nsomba m'matupi amadzi omwe amayenda pang'ono. Izi ndichifukwa cha izi:
- kutentha kwamadzi m'matumba amadzi osasunthika ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa mitsinje yothamanga, chomwe ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuwotcha kwa thermophilic;
- m'malo otere, ozimitsa moto amamva kukhala omasuka momwe angathere, otsalira nyama imodzi yokha.
Kudzichepetsa nsomba rotan zinthu zachilengedwe zimawonetsedwa kuti zimatha kulekerera kuchepa kwa mpweya m'madzi. Ikalowa pansi pamatope, nyamayo imatha kupulumuka ndi kuzizira kapena pafupifupi kuyanika kwathunthu kuchokera mgombe. Chifukwa chake, rotan siyimasamuka, imakonda kukhala moyo wongokhala.
Asodzi ochokera kumadera akumpoto kwa Russia adachita chidwi ndi Rotan m'nyengo yozizira. Nyengo yozizira isanachitike, nyamayi imapanga kuchuluka kwa madzi oundana, komwe kutentha sikutsikira pansi pa -1 digiri Celsius, ndipo kumagwa dzanzi, lomwe limapitilira mpaka Epulo. Ngati panthawiyi chowotcha moto chimachotsedwa mu ayezi ndikuyika m'madzi kutentha kwabwino, chilombocho chimatsitsimutsidwa kwakanthawi kochepa ndikuyamba kusunthira kufunafuna chakudya.
Kudera la Europe ku Russia, chowotcha sichimabisala; asodzi amachigwira m'madziwe chaka chonse. Adanenanso kuti m'mayiwe ang'onoang'ono kukula kwa Amur wogona ndikochepa. Zitsanzo zazikulu zimapezeka m'mayendedwe amadzi, momwe kuchuluka kwawo kumayendetsedwa ndi nyama zolusa zazikulu za mitundu ina.
Lero, Rotan yafalikira ku Russia, komwe kumakhala chithaphwi, nyanja zowirira, mayiwe, ming'oma ya mitsinje, miyala yamatabwa, ndi zina zambiri. M'madziwe oyimirira, nsomba iyi imapezeka mu Irtysh, Volga, Don, Styr ndi madzi ena akuluakulu.
M'matupi amadzi momwe muli nsomba zokhazikika komanso zowononga zambiri, ma rotan amakhala ndi malo ochepetsetsa pafupi ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pomwe pali mitengo yambiri komanso zizindikiritso zapamwamba za chakudya. Chifukwa chake, m'madamu ngati amenewa, kuwonongeka kwa moto pamadzi a nsomba zina kumamveka pang'ono.
Zakudya zabwino
Chipikacho chili ndi mimba yayikulu kwambiri, choncho msodzi wosadziwa zambiri amene wagwira nsomba iyi kwa nthawi yoyamba akhoza kudabwa kuti: amadya nsomba za rotan... Chowotcha moto chimayamba kusaka ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono, mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 1. Mwachangu otere amasankha mazira a nsomba zina ngati chakudya, ndipo kuzidya nthawi zonse kumavulaza anthu.
Kuphatikiza pa mazira, anthu akuluakulu amadya mphutsi za amphibian, leeches, mwachangu nsomba zina, ndi zina zambiri. Milandu yakudya anthu ena idadziwika mgululi, pomwe zitsanzo zazikulu zimadya oimira ang'onoang'ono a mabanja awo. Izi ndizofala makamaka pakukula kwa rotan m'mayiwe ndi m'madzi.
M'madzi osaya kumene Rotan imapezeka, mitundu yonse ya nsomba imasowa munthawi yochepa, kapena amachepetsa kwambiri anthu. Pachifukwa ichi, zitsanzo zazikulu kwambiri zatsala, zomwe sizingathe kuyatsa moto.
Nthawi zina, anthu okhala m'malo otseguka amapanga masukulu, kukonza kusaka kwenikweni nsomba zazing'ono. Pogwirira limodzi, amazungulira mwachangu kuchokera mbali zonse, ndipo mwachangu kwambiri amayamwa nsomba zothamangira, osasokoneza chiwembucho mpaka magawo onse a sukulu yolusa atadzaza. Pambuyo pakuukira koteroko, chowotcha chimapita pansi, ndikukhala komweko masiku angapo, kugaya chakudya chomwe chayamwa.
Akuluakulu amakhala ndi kamwa yamphamvu, yotakata ndi nsagwada zakutsogolo. Izi zimalola nsomba zolusa kumeza oyimira masentimita 6 a nsomba zina, ngakhale zitakhala ndi thupi lofanana. Kugwira nyama yayikulu ndi njira, yomwe siyimitsa zopumira kupumira kwa nsomba, yomwe imawonekera poyenda kwachilengedwe kwa zokutira zam'moto.
Kuphatikiza pa mwachangu, omwe ndiwo chakudya chachikulu cha rotan, imadyetsanso mphutsi zotengedwa pansi pamatope, tizilombo timayandama pamwamba pamadzi. Imagwira chakudya chomwe chili m'nthaka yamadzi pamodzi ndi silt.
Popeza mwachilengedwe sakhala wokhutira komanso wadyera, woyimitsayo amakonda kudzikongoletsa kuti adzagwiritse ntchito mtsogolo. Chifukwa chake, pambuyo ponenepa kwambiri, mimba yake imatha kukula kukula kawiri. Pambuyo pake, polephera kulimbana ndi mimba yotupa, nsombayo imamira pansi pa dziwe kwa masiku angapo kuti igayike chakudya.
Komanso kudya mopitirira muyeso kumathandizanso nyamayo pakagwa chakudya. Njira yogaya chakudya imatha masiku awiri. Pakadali pano, chowotcha moto sichimasuntha.
Chikhalidwe cha omnivorous komanso zokonda zachilendo za rotan zimathandizira kuti anthu ake nthawi zonse amakhala ofanana. M'malo osatsekedwa zotsatira zotere zimatheka chifukwa cha anthu akulu omwe amadya "abale" awo ang'onoang'ono.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kukhoza kuberekanso mwa ogona Amur kumayamba mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha moyo. Nthawi yogwira nyama yolusa imayamba mu Meyi ndipo imatha mu Julayi. Chowonjezera mulingo woyenera wa madzi otenthedwa bwino, madigiri 15-20. Mkazi mmodzi wamtundu wapakati pa nyengo amatha kutulutsa mazira pafupifupi zikwi zambiri.
Pa nthawi yobereka, amuna amakhala ndi mdima wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda; mtundu wokula umawonekera kutsogolo kwa mitu yawo. Akazi, kuti azindikire bwino matope, madzi amdima, m'malo mwake, amakhala opepuka.
Dzira la chowotcha limadziwika ndi mawonekedwe oblong, achikasu achikuda. Zingwe zolumikizira zimathandiza mazira kuti azilumikizana pabedi, zomwe zimasunga mwachangu mazira amtsogolo pazinthu zam'munsi zosankhidwa ndi mkazi. Kukhazikika kwa caviar ya rotan kumawonjezeka makamaka chifukwa chakuti imapachika momasuka, nthawi zonse ikutsukidwa ndi madzi, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti mpweya umayenda nthawi zonse.
Kuteteza kwa ana kumachitika ndi amuna okhaokha, omwe amakhala tcheru nthawi zonse zisanawononge nyama zina zomwe zimafuna kudya caviar. Ndizovuta kuti rotan azitha kuthana ndi ziwopsezo za nsomba zowopsa.
Fry yoyamba ikayamba kutuluka m'mazira, yamphongo imadya ina. Ichi ndiye chofunikira cha banjali la nsomba, zomwe zimamenyera nkhondo nthawi zonse kuti zizikhala ndi mibadwo yosiyana.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti rotan posachedwapa imapezeka m'madzi amchere pang'ono. Koma nyamayi imakonda kutuluka m'madzi abwino. Nthawi yokhala ndi moto ndiyochepa, nthawi zambiri osapitilira zaka zisanu. Komabe, m'malo abwino, amatha kukhala zaka 7 kapena kupitilira apo.
Kugwira rotan
Pali ndemanga zambiri za asodzi za rotan, zabwino komanso zoyipa. Ena amakhumudwitsidwa ndikulamulira kwa nyama yolusa imeneyi, pomwe ena, m'malo mwake, amakhumudwa, ndikupatsa chiyembekezo chogwira nsomba zikuluzikulu za mitundu ina.
Kusodza nkhuni kumatchuka makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Munthawi imeneyi, nyamayo imasowa chakudya, imakhala yadyera, ndipo imathamangira pafupi nyambo iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale woyamba kumene azitha kuigwira popanda kuyesetsa konse m'nyengo yozizira.
Nyambo iliyonse yochokera kunyama imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo ya rotan: nyambo yamoyo, nyama, mphutsi, mphutsi, ndi zina zambiri. Posankha nyambo yokumba, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti rotan sangasambire kupitilira matalikidwe, mutu wokhumudwitsa wamasewera.
Malo omwe amakonda nsomba ndi ochulukirapo, malo okhala ndi mulish. Chifukwa chakuti kugawa kwamoto pamadzi sikungafanane kwambiri, kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikuponya m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Zina mwa ntchito zomwe asodzi amagwiritsa ntchito popha nsomba ndi izi:
- ndodo yoyandama. Ndikofunika "kusewera" ndi kuyandama, ndikupanga mawonekedwe a kayendedwe ka nyambo nthawi zonse.
- Kupota. Rotan imagwira ntchito makamaka poluma nyambo yokumba, yamoto yokhala ndi mayendedwe osiyanasiyana.
- Ndodo yapansi yakusodza. Ndi chithandizo chake, mutha kugwira nsomba yayikulu kwambiri, komabe, ndizovuta kuchita izi, chowotcha chowotcha bwino chili pafupi ndi pansi, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusankha nyambo yoyenera.
Mtengo wa zakudya
Asodzi ambiri omwe agwira chilombo chomwe nkhaniyi idzifunsa, akudzifunsa kuti: Kodi Rotan amadya nsomba? Yankho lake ndi losavuta: nsomba iyi imadya. Ena amanyansidwa ndi mawonekedwe osasangalatsa a chilombo. Fungo lamphamvu lamatope ndi tinsomba ting'onoting'ono timamutsutsanso. choncho ndi nsomba yanji yozungulira iwo sanalawe nkomwe.
Fans of the firebrand amati nyama yake ndiyofewa, yowutsa mudyo, yofewa, ndipo mwa kulawa kwake siyotsika kwenikweni kuposa nyama ya mitundu ina yam'madzi. Musanaphike, rotan imatsukidwa bwino ndi mamina ndi masikelo, zamkati zimachotsedwa, kenako zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana: stewing, frying, kuphika.
Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kudziwika kuti nyama ya rotan imakhala ndi mavitamini ndi ma microelements, omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazinthu zachilengedwe. choncho maubwino a nsomba rotan osatsutsika, ndikuwunika motsimikiza kuti moto wa moto siwofunika.
Chitsanzo cha mbale ya rotan
Chifukwa chakuti rotan nthawi zambiri imakhala nsomba zazing'ono, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma cutlets. Munthu yemwe sakudziwa mtundu wa nsomba zomwe akukonzekera sangayerekeze zomwe zidachitika kuchokera kosawoneka bwino, ndikuwoneka ngati zosasangalatsa, ndipo si aliyense amene amayamikira wokhala m'madzi.
Pophika muyenera:
- Makilogalamu a nkhuni zazing'ono;
- Af mkate woyera wosalala;
- ½ chikho cha mkaka wofunda (pakuwotcha zinyenyeswazi);
- Dzira 1;
- ½ anyezi;
- zonunkhira kulawa;
- 1 tbsp batala;
- mafuta a masamba owotchera;
- mikate ya mkate yopindika.
Kuphika mikate ya nsomba sikusiyana kwambiri ndi nyama.
- Timadutsa nsomba ndi anyezi okonzeka kupyola chopukusira nyama, kapena timazigaya pamalo ocheperako mu blender.
- Onjezerani ku mkate wophika nyama womwe unayambitsidwa kale mkaka ndi dzira lomwe lamenyedwa pang'ono.
- Nyengo osakaniza ndi zonunkhira, kutsanulira mu batala wosungunuka. Ngati mukufuna, mutha kuwonjezera zitsamba zodulidwa kuti muwonjezere kununkhira kwapadera m'mbale.
- Mutatha kusakaniza nyama yosungunuka kuti ikhale yofanana, siyani kuti "ipumule" kwa mphindi 20-30.
Ukadaulo wopanga ma cutlets ndiosavuta: timasiyanitsa chidutswa chochepa kuchokera ku nyama yosungunuka, kuyikulunga mu mpira, ndikupukutira mu zidutswa za mkate, ndikukanikiza pang'ono ndi manja anu, ndikupanga ma cutlets.
Muyenera kuphika ma cutlets otere otentha kwambiri pamoto pang'ono mpaka golide awoneke. Zakudya zonunkhira, zosasinthasintha zakonzeka. Sizingatheke kuti wina m'banja lanu angaganize kuti nsomba yotere, yosakondedwa ndi ambiri, idagwiritsidwa ntchito - rotan.
Zida zamadzi mdziko lathu ndizolemera kwambiri mwa anthu okhalamo. Ndipo ngakhale nsomba monga Amur sleeper, yemwe adadzipangira yekha, ndi gawo lazachilengedwe padziko lapansi, ndipo amayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi kulemekezedwa.
