Kupuma pa Nyanja Yofiira, mukusangalala ndi kukongola kokongola kwamiyala yamakorali ndi zamoyo zam'madzi zokongola, muyenera kukhala osamala. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti madzi akhoza kukhala dokotala wa nsomba, zomwe zimaonedwa ngati zowopsa.
Wokhala panyanjayu ndiwofanana ndi ngwazi ya kanema wokondedwa "Kupeza Nemo" komanso zotsatira zake "Kupeza Dory". Ndi za banja la opaleshoni ndipo amakhala m'madzi otentha ndi m'nyanja. Tiyeni tiwone woopsa dokotala wochita opaleshoni ndi momwe mungapewere ngozi zomwe zingachitike.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Miyoyo dokotala wa opaleshoni mu Nyanja Yofiira, ku Great Barrier Reef, Pacific Ocean (Samoa, New Caledonia). Imakhala yakuya mpaka mamita 40. Imakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo otsetsereka akunja a miyala yamchere yamatanthwe, ikubisala m'miyala komanso pakati pa miyala yamiyala. Akuluakulu amakonda kukhala awiriawiri kapena amodzi, mwachangu m'magulu.
Mitundu yonse yamtunduwu ndi yofanana. M'litali amafika masentimita 15 mpaka 40, anthu ena amatha kukhala okulirapo - mpaka mita 1. Maonekedwe a nsombayo ndi owulungika (ovoid), opanikizika, ngati kuti agonja m'mbali. Zipsepse zonse ziwiri (zakumbuyo ndi kumatako) ndizotakata, ndikupangitsa mawonekedwe a zamoyo zam'madzi kukhala ozungulira kwambiri.
Dokotala wa nsomba akujambulidwa ali ndi caudal peduncle mwamphamvu, mbali yomwe pali mitsempha yowopsa. Mu bata, "amabisala" pamalo apadera - mthumba. Ngati pangozi, amawongola ndikukhala chida chowopsa, chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitetezo.
Maso ndi aakulu komanso otalika, zomwe zimathandiza madokotala ochita opaleshoni kuyenda mumdima. Pakamwa, Komano, ndi chaching'ono ndipo chimakhala kumapeto kwa mphuno yocheperako pang'ono. Ili ndi mano ang'onoang'ono, kotero imatha kudya ndere. Mphumi ikutsetsereka. Zochitika tsiku lililonse. Adakali aang'ono, nsomba amayesetsa kuteteza gawo lawo.
Yaimuna yamphongo imatha kukhala ndi zazikazi zingapo nthawi imodzi, zoterezi. Mtundu wa madokotala ochita opaleshoni nthawi zambiri umakhala wowala komanso wosiyanasiyana. Thupi limatha kukhala labuluu, mandimu, wachikaso, pinki yofiira. Nsomba zofiirira zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyana mosiyana. Mphutsi zimakhala ndi utoto wosiyana, minga kulibe, i.e. alibe kufanana kulikonse ndi anthu akuluakulu.
Nchifukwa chiyani dokotala wa nsomba amatchedwa choncho? Ndi chifukwa chakupezeka kwa minga, zofananira ndi khungu kapena lumo. Amakhala pachiwopsezo osati kwa nsomba zina zokha, komanso kwa anthu. Nsombazi sizimva mantha ndipo zimatha kusambira mozungulira miyendo ya anthu onse akuyimirira ndikuyenda, kenako, popanda chifukwa, ndikuyenda mwachangu kwa mchira, zimapanga mabala odulidwa, kwambiri. Palibe kufotokozera komwe kwapezeka pamakhalidwe awa.
Spikes Dokotala Wopanga Nsomba lakuthwa mokwanira kudula nsapato. Chifukwa chake, ngoziyi iyenera kukumbukiridwa. Nthawi zambiri, mutadulidwa, mudzafunika chithandizo chamankhwala ndi ulusi. kuwonongeka kwa minyewa, mitsempha ndipo, moyenera, kutaya magazi kwakukulu.
Kuphatikiza apo, vutoli lakula chifukwa choti nthenda yotentha, yomwe ili pamiyeso ya nsomba, imatha kulowa pachilondacho. Izi zitha kubweretsa osati kuzowawa kokha, komanso matenda. Ndikucheka koopsa, kudulidwa kwamiyendo ndikotheka. Ndikutaya magazi kwambiri, munthu amangofera m'madzi ngati ali kutali ndi gombe.
Adani akuluakulu a opaleshoni ndi nsombazi, omwe saopa minga yakuthwa konse. Zowononga zazikuluzi zimameza nsomba zazing'ono. Pachifukwa ichi, pakuwona nsombazi, nzika zokongola zam'nyanja zimabisala nthawi yomweyo, sizimakana.
Ponena za zolengedwa zina zam'madzi kapena zam'nyanja, dokotalayo amalemekeza komanso amateteza gawo lake. Ochita opaleshoni amadziwika ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda osiyanasiyana owopsa:
- Ichthyophthyroidism (m'madzi). Poyamba, timapiketi tating'onoting'ono timayera pamapazi, omwe amapita kwakanthawi kochepa kumtembo wa nsombayo.
- Oodiniosis kapena matenda a velvet. Pachiyambi cha kukula kwa matendawa, nsomba "imadzikanda yokha" pamiyala, m'miyala ndi zinthu zina. Pakapita nthawi, zotupa zamtundu wa powdery zimapanga m'malo osiyanasiyana (thupi, zipsepse), kenako chivundikiro chakunja chimachotsedwa, ziphuphu zamkati zamapiko zimawonongeka, ndipo mamina ambiri amapangika.
Kuphatikiza pa matenda omwe adatchulidwa kale, madokotala ochita opaleshoni ali ndi zowola, zomwe zimakhudza zipsepse ndi kukokoloka (kwa mbali, mutu).
Mitundu
Mwa mitundu yonse yazamoyo zam'madzi, otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:
1. Dokotala wa buluu wa nsomba... Amatchedwa achifumu kapena hepatus. Mtunduwo ndi wowala buluu wokhala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono amdima omwe amakhala pathupi. Mchirawo ndi wakuda komanso wachikasu. Anthu amasiyanitsidwa ndi zomwe amachita komanso kuyenda, ali amanyazi. Amakonda malo obisalira komanso kuyatsa bwino.
2. Arabiya. Mtundu uwu ndiwoyimira mwamphamvu kwambiri komanso yayikulu kwambiri yamtundu wa opareshoni, imatha kufikira kutalika kwa masentimita 40. Thupi lolimira limakhala ndi mthunzi wachitsulo (wopanda kapangidwe) ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yomwe ili pambali. Zipsepse zonse ndi zakuda zokongoletsa buluu.
Mawanga a lalanje amapezeka pafupi ndi mchira wopangidwa ndi chikwakwa wokhala ndi cheza chozungulira kwambiri komanso pachikuto cha gill. Amakhala mu Nyanja Yofiira ndipo amadziwika mosavuta ndi malo achikasu pakati. Mitundu ya poizoni - pansi pamchira.
Achichepere ali ndi mtundu wofanana ndi achikulire, koma wowala pang'ono. Zoyipa zakugonana sizinafotokozeredwe. Malo okhalamo ndi Arabia Peninsula (Nyanja Yofiira), Persian Gulf.
Amakhala mozama mpaka mamita 10. Nsombazi zimakhala zokha kapena m'magulu a harem. Gawo lomwe azimayi amadyetsa limatetezedwa ndi amuna. Amadyetsa ndere, nyongolotsi, nkhanu ndi nyama zina zopanda mafupa.
3. Woyamwa. Wodziwika bwino wokhala m'matanthwe. Dokotala wa buluu wa nsomba chili ndi utoto wowala, koma mutu wake ndi wakuda. Chinsinsicho chili kumbuyo kwake ndichikaso, chakumaso ndi choyera. Mchira ndi wamfupi, uli ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yakuda (kotenga nthawi). Zimatanthauza zamoyo zam'madzi zomwe sizoyambitsa kudya, ndere pamapiri zimakhala chakudya.
4. Zebrasoma (kuyenda). Pali mitundu isanu, chowala kwambiri ndi chachikaso. Mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi kansalu kakang'ono kosasunthika ka buluu, zomwe zili pamanyazi ndi zakuda. Zipsepsezo ndi zazikulu komanso zazikulu, ndipo mchira ndi wachikasu. Amakonda kukhala m'miyala, m'miyala yamiyala yamchere, m'mapiri amiyala. Mikwingwirima mthupi imasiyanitsa bwino ndi zipsepse ndi mchira wachikaso.
5. Nsomba-nkhandwe. Thupi laling'ono (20-50 cm) lozungulira, lopindika pambuyo pake, loyera (lachikasu, lofiirira) lokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Mphunoyo ndi yotambalala, ndichifukwa chake nsomba imadziwika ndi dzina. Wachikuda amakhala pamchira ndi zipsepse. Munthu akapsa mtima, amatha kusintha masikelo, ndipo madontho akuda amawonekera pathupi.
Pafupifupi zipsepsezo zimadzaza ndi poizoni yemwe amaperekedwa kuchokera kumafinya. Habitat Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea ndi Caledonia. Mwachangu amapanga magulu akulu pafupi ndi miyala yamchere, akuluakulu amakhala awiriawiri kapena osakwatira.
6. Fano lachi Moor. Amakhala ku Pacific ndi Indian Ocean. Thupi lathyathyathya, lalikulu, lokutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono. Zipsepse zakuthambo ndi zopindika ndizofanana ndi kansalu kokhala ndi mbali imodzi yayitali. Manyazi amakhala ataliatali, kutha ndi kamwa yaying'ono.
7. Dokotala wa azitona... Nsombazo ndi zazikulu msinkhu, zimakhala ndi thupi lokhathamira komanso zoluka zazitali zazitali pamapazi a caudal. Kutsogolo kuli kopepuka kuposa kumbuyo. Anthu akuluakulu ndi ofiira, otuwa kapena abululu.
Kumbuyo kwa diso kuli malo obalalika a lalanje okhala ndi malire ofiirira. Kukula mpaka 35 cm kufalikira mu Indian Ocean. Amakhala pakuya kwa 20-45 m m'malo okhala ndi mchenga kapena miyala, m'miyala kapena m'mapiri. Anakhala okha, awiriawiri, ndi magulu. Amadyetsa algae amodzi, detritus.
8. Ctenochet wamaso achikaso. Ali ndi mphete yayikulu yachikaso kuzungulira maso. Mtundu nthawi zambiri umakhala wobiriwira wobiriwira mpaka bulauni yakuda. Pali mikwingwirima yabuluu mthupi lonse, timadontho tating'onoting'ono pakhosi ndi kumutu. Zipsepse (pectorals) ndi zachikasu. Kukula kwakukulu ndi masentimita 18. Amagawidwa m'malo amadzi azilumba za Hawaii. Imakhazikika kumalo otsetsereka akunja kwa miyala ndi m'madzi akuya. Imakhala yakuya mamita 10-50. Imadyetsa ndere ndipo imagwira ntchito masana.
9. Dokotala wochita opaleshoni... Thupi la nsomba ya mbidzi ndi imvi ndi maolivi kapena mthunzi wa silvery, ili ndi mawonekedwe ndi mikwingwirima isanu yolunjika (yakuda kapena yakuda bulauni). Zipsepsezo ndizachikasu. Palibe mawonekedwe azakugonana. Kukula mpaka masentimita 25. Kugawidwa mu Indian Ocean. Imakhazikika kumalo otsetsereka akunja kwa miyala ndi m'madziwe okhala ndi malo olimba. Amasonkhana m'magulu akulu (mpaka anthu 1000).
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Opanga nsomba asankha Nyanja Yofiira ndi Arabia, Aden ndi Persian Gulfs kukhala malo awo. Zochepa kwambiri, zimapezeka pagombe la Australia, Africa ndi Asia (South-East). M'zaka zaposachedwa, anthu awonjezeka ku Caribbean.
Madokotala ochita opaleshoni nthawi zambiri amasintha. Amapezeka pafupi ndi magombe okhala ndi miyala pansi, m'miyala ndi pafupi ndi miyala yamchere yakuya mamita 50. Nthawi zambiri akuluakulu amakhala okha kapena awiriawiri. Achinyamata amasochera kukhala gulu. Chifukwa cha mitundu yawo yokongola komanso yowala, mitundu ina imasungidwa m'madzi am'nyanja.
Zakudya zabwino
Oimira mitunduyo ndi odyetsa nyama, kudya algae, zooplankton ndi detritus. Ngati palibe chakudya chokwanira kapena mpikisano wochuluka, amasonkhana m'magulu kuti akafunse chakudya chimodzi. "Maulendo" oterewa amatenga nsomba masauzande angapo, omwe, atadyetsa, amafalikira m'malo awo wamba. Komanso, kusonkhana m'magulu kumachitika m'nyengo yoswana.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kutha msanga kwa madokotala kumachitika pambuyo pa zaka 1-1.5. Ma subspecies ambiri alibe kusiyana kwakugonana. Mutha kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi mukamakwatirana (February-Marichi). Nthawi imeneyi, mtundu wamphongo ndiwopepuka, amakhala wankhanza kwambiri
Mazira azimayi amagona pa algae omwe ali ndi masamba otambalala, atha kukhala ndi mazira opitilira 30,000. Kusakanikirana kwa mazira kumatenga tsiku limodzi. Chimodzi mpaka 1 mm kukula kwake, iliyonse imakhala yopindika.Dokotala wojambula nsomba wopanda pake - izi ndi zomwe mwachangu amatchedwa.
Thupi limakhala lowonekera, kupatula pamimba, silvery. Mizere ya mchira siinapangidwe, koma mitsempha ya zipsepse (ventral, dorsal, anal) ndi yolitali ndipo imakhala ndi zilonda zoyizoni. Mpaka kutha msinkhu (miyezi 2-3) amabisala m'makorali, pomwe nsomba zazikulu sizimatha kusambira.
Pakapita kanthawi, mikwingwirima imawonekera pathupi ndi mtundu. Matumbo amatalikitsidwa kangapo, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti athe kugaya zakudya zamasamba. Malo okondedwa kwambiri ndi gombe la New Zealand. Itha kukula mpaka masentimita 30. Kutalika kwa moyo kumakhala zaka 20-30.
