Banja la adokowe limaphatikizapo mitundu 19. Zonsezi ndi zazikulu kukula, milomo yolimba komanso yayitali, miyendo yayitali. Marabou ndi m'modzi mwa oimira banja la dokowe, wopangidwa ndi mitundu itatu, wachinayi watayika mosayembekezereka. Uyu ndi mkangaziwisi weniweni, wokhala ndi mutu wadazi, chifukwa mbalame muyenera kusaka nyama yovunda, ndipo khosi ndi mutu wopanda nthenga ndizosavuta kuti mukhale oyera.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mbalameyi ili ndi miyendo yaitali ndi khosi, imatha kutalika kwa mita 1.5. Ali ndi mapiko olimba komanso mlomo waukulu. Mapikowo amatambasula mpaka mita 2.5. Kulemera kwa anthu akulu kwambiri kumafika makilogalamu 8. Ali ndi maso owoneka bwino, omwe amapezeka pamitundu yonse ya owononga.
Mtundu wawo ndi mitundu iwiri. Mbali yakumunsi ya thupi ndi yoyera. Gawo lakumwambali ndi imvi yakuda. Mlomo wake ndi wachikasu wonyezimira ndipo umafika kutalika kwa masentimita 30. Khosi limakhala lalanje kapena lofiira. Adakali aang'ono, mbalame zimakhala ndi utoto wosalala ndipo, kutengera mtundu wake, zitha kukhala zosiyana.
Kuphatikiza pa mutu wawung'ono, wopanda kanthu, mawonekedwe a mbalameyi ili kumapeto kwa khosi, ndimitengo yaying'ono yomwe imafanana ndi thumba lolumikizana ndi mphuno. Thumba likakulirakulira mpaka 30 cm m'mimba mwake. M'mbuyomu, amakhulupirira kuti mbalameyi imasungira chakudya m'thumba ili, koma sizinatheke kutsimikizira izi. Mwachidziwikire, imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamasewera olimbirana komanso nthawi yopuma, mbalameyi imangoyang'ana kumeneku.
Kuperewera kwa nthenga pakhosi ndi kumutu kumalumikizidwa ndi zakudya. Nthenga siziyenera kukhala zonyansa pamene zikudya chakudya chowola pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalameyi ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zoyera kwambiri. Chakudya chikadetsedwa, ndiye kuti akadya pokhapokha atachitsuka m'madzi. Mosiyana ndi adokowe anzawo, mbalame ya marabou satambasula makosi awo akamauluka. Amatha kukwera mpaka kutalika kwa mamita 4,000.
Chikhalidwe
Marabou amakhala ku Asia, Africa, sichipezeka kawirikawiri ku North America. Amakonda malo otseguka m'mbali mwa malo osungira, omwe amapezeka m'masamba a Africa. Sakhala m'zipululu komanso m'nkhalango. Izi ndi nyama zachitukuko zomwe zimakhala mdera laling'ono. Opanda mantha mwamtheradi, osawopa anthu. Amatha kuwona pafupi ndi nyumba zokhalamo anthu, m'malo otayira zinyalala.
Mitundu
Mbalame ya Marabou lero imaperekedwa m'mitundu itatu:
- Afirika;
- Mmwenye;
- Chijava.
Leptoptilos robustus ndi mtundu womwe watha. Mbalameyi inakhala padziko lapansi zaka 126-12 zikwi zapitazo. Ankakhala pachilumba cha Flores. Zotsalira za mbalameyi zinasonyeza kuti mbalameyi inkafika kutalika kwa mita 1.8 ndipo inkalemera makilogalamu pafupifupi 16. Zowonadi adauluka molakwika kapena sanazichite konse.
Leptoptilos robustus anali ndi mafupa akulu akulu, miyendo ikuluikulu yakumbuyo, zomwe zimatsimikiziranso kuti mbalameyi idayenda bwino pansi ndipo sizimatha kuwuluka. Amakhulupirira kuti kukula kwakukulu kwa mbalame kumachitika chifukwa cholephera kusakanikirana ndi anthu ena, chifukwa amakhala pachilumba chakutali.
M'phanga lomwelo momwe zotsalira za mbalamezi zidapezeka, adapeza mafupa a munthu wina wa ku Flores. Awa anali anthu amfupi, okwera mpaka mita imodzi, ndiye kuti, amatha kukhala ngati nyama ya mbalame.
African marabou... Iyi ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri pamitundu yonse, kulemera kwa thupi kumatha kufikira makilogalamu 9, ndi mapiko a 3.2 mita, motsatana, ndipo mulomo ndiwotalika, mpaka masentimita 35. Zomwe zili muntunduyi ndikuti pali nthenga zosaoneka ngati tsitsi pakhosi ndi pamutu. Ndipo pamapewa pali "kolala" pansi. Khungu lomwe limakhala m'malo opanda nthenga ndi la pinki, lokhala ndi mawanga akuda komanso zishango zotsogola kumutu.
Chikhalidwe china ndicho mdima wandiweyani pa mwana wa diso. Chifukwa cha izi ndizodziwika bwino, okhalamo amakhulupirira kuti mbalameyi imawoneka ngati ziwanda. Mitundu iyi ya adokowe imatha kukhala ndi zungu, ndikupanga magulu osakanikirana. Mitundu yaku Africa sichiwopsezedwa kuti ikutha, ndi iwo omwe amakhala pafupi ndi anthu ndi malo otayira zinyalala.
Mbalame ya ku India... Amakhala ku Cambodia ndi Assam, ngakhale kale malowo anali otakata kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yozizira, amapita ku Vietnam, Myanmar ndi Thailand. M'mbuyomu, mbalameyi inkakhala ku Burma ndi India, komwe dzinali limachokera. Nthenga zophimba mbalame ndizimvi, zakuda pansipa. Dzina lina la mitunduyo ndi argala.
Indian marabou adatchulidwa mu Red Book. Pakuwerengera komaliza, tsopano mtundu uwu sudapitilira 1 anthu. Kuchepa kwa ziweto kumalumikizidwa ndi ngalande zamadambo komanso kuchepa kwa malo oyenera chifukwa chodzaza mazira nthawi zonse komanso kulima nthaka ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Chijava mbalame. Zomwe kontrakitala imachita? Mutha kuwona mbalame yokongola iyi ku India, China, mpaka pachilumba cha Java. Poyerekeza ndi anzawo, iyi ndi mbalame yaying'ono, yopanda masentimita 120 kutalika, yokhala ndi mapiko otalika mpaka masentimita 210. Mbali yakumtunda ya phiko ili ndi nthenga zakuda. Mtundu uwu ulibe thumba lachikopa pakhosi.
Adokowe a Javanese sakonda malo okhala ndi anthu, amapewa msonkhano uliwonse ndi munthu. Amadya makamaka nsomba, nkhanu, mbalame zazing'ono ndi makoswe, dzombe. Ndi yosungulumwa ndipo imangopanga awiri okha nyengo yoswana. Chiwerengero cha mitunduyi chikuchepa, chifukwa chake amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wovuta.
Moyo
Mbalame ya Marabou imachedwa. M'mawa, mbalameyi imapita kukafunafuna chakudya. Atakwera chisa, ndikumadzuka mothandizidwa ndi mafunde akwezeka, imawuluka ndikukonzekera kwa nthawi yayitali, kutambasula khosi. Chifukwa chake, mbalameyi imayesa kuzindikira zomwe zimaola. Ataona nyama yanyama, iye akung'amba pamimba pake ndikulowetsa mutu wake, kutulutsa zamkati pamenepo.
Anthu angapo amauluka kupita kumtembo, osati kukadyera kokha, komanso kuteteza chakudya kwa olowerera. Pambuyo kukhuta, pakhosi pathupi pathupi pake. Ngati mbalame zagulu zimasaka padera, kenako zisanabwerere kumalo awo, zimasonkhana pamodzi ndikupita kwawo.
Ngati mbalame ya marabou imasaka nyama yamoyo, kenako ndikusankha nyama yoti igwidwe, imapha ndi kumenyera pakamwa pake ndikuyimeza yonse. Iye samawopa ngakhale omenyana nawo, amatha kumenyana ndi fisi ndi mimbulu mosavuta. Polimbana, mbalameyi ndi yolusa kwambiri ndipo imapambana nthawi zonse. Mofanana ndi nthumwi zonse za banja la dokowe, mbalameyi imatha kuima nthawi yayitali ikuuma mozizira mwendo umodzi.
Zakudya zabwino
Mbalame ya Marabou imadyetsa zovunda. Komabe, ngati kulibe chakudya chotere, ndiye kuti sanyoza nyama zazing'ono ndi mbalame. Munthu wamkulu amapha flamingo kapena bakha popanda vuto lililonse. Mbalame imafuna chakudya chokwanira 1 kg patsiku. Amadya nyama zazing'ono, abuluzi ndi achule. Amadya mazira a nyama. Itha kutenga nyama kuchokera kuzilombo zazing'ono.
Nthawi zambiri amalowetsa chakudya limodzi ndi ziwombankhanga, ngakhale zili zotsutsana ndi nyama zamtchire. Mbalame yozindikira kwambiri ikung'amba nyama yonyamayo, ndipo mbalameyi imayamba kudya pambuyo pake. Pambuyo pa chakudya chamasana, mafupa okhaokha ndiwo atsalira. Dokowe amatha kumeza chidutswa cha nyama cholemera magalamu 600 nthawi imodzi.
Nthawi zambiri mbalame ya ku Javanese imawoneka mutu wawo utatsitsidwa m'madzi, ikamawedza. Mbalameyi imamira pakamwa pake potseguka pang'ono m'madzi ndipo nsombayo ikangogwira pakamwa, milomoyo imangoti zii.
Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amadana ndi marabou, iye ndi wadongosolo. Ngakhale pafupi ndi anthu, amayeretsa ngalande, amatola zinyalala pafupi ndi zidebe ndi malo ophera nyama. Marabou amateteza miliri kumadera omwe nyengo imakhala yotentha, chifukwa chake sangathe kuvulaza anthu mwanjira iliyonse - amangopindula.
Masewera oyeserera
Mosiyana ndi mbalame zambiri, yamphongo imasankha theka lina. Zonse zimayamba ndikuti akazi angapo amabwera kwa amuna ndikuwonetsa kukongola kwawo. Omwe amalimbikira adzalandira chidwi. Pambuyo pake, banjali limayenda, kulowetsa matumba m'khosi, pofuna kuwopseza olowa.
Kukula msinkhu kumachitika zaka 4-5. Masewera okhathamira amayamba nthawi yamvula, ndipo anapiye amatuluka nthawi yadzinja. Chifukwa cha izi ndi chophweka - ndi nthawi yachilala pomwe nyama zimafa koposa zonse, kotero kudyetsa ana ndikosavuta.
Nyengo yokhwima yokha ndi pamene mbalamezo zimangokhala chete, chifukwa zilibe ngakhale mawu. Mawu a Marabou kukumbutsa pang'ono za kulira, kusakanikirana ndi likhweru ndi kulira. Ndikumveka kotereku, amawopseza mbalame ndi nyama.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Mabanja amapangidwa m'magulu akulu. Mabanja okwana 5 akhoza kukhala pamtengo umodzi. Makamaka awa ndi malambe, koma sangathe kukhazikika pamitengo yayitali chonchi. Kukula kwachisa kumakhala pafupifupi mita imodzi, mpaka 40 cm kuya.
Zisa zimapangidwa pamtunda wa 5 mita. "Nyumba" zidawonedwa ngakhale kutalika kwa mita 40. Amatha kugwiritsa ntchito "nyumba" ya chaka chatha kapena ngakhale kumanga chisa pathanthwe, koma kawirikawiri. Onse m'tsogolo makolo akuchita. Chisa cha Marabou amapanga kuchokera ku masamba ndi nthambi zazing'ono. Gulu limodzi lili ndi mazira 2-3. Onse awiri amachita makulitsidwe, omwe amatenga masiku 29 mpaka 31.
Anapiye masiku 95-115 kuchokera pakubadwa amakhala ataphimbidwa ndi nthenga. Pakatha miyezi inayi atabadwa, amayamba kuphunzira kuuluka ndipo amatha kupita ndi makolo awo kunyama ya nyama. Amakhala odziyimira pawokha pakatha miyezi 12. Makolo amazungulira ana awo ndi chisamaliro cha usana ndi usiku, amawadyetsa mwamphamvu.
Marabou amakhala zaka pafupifupi 20 mpaka 25. Ali mu ukapolo, anthu ena amakhala zaka 33. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi thanzi labwino, ngakhale zili ndi chakudya. Mwachilengedwe, ilibe adani achilengedwe.
Zosangalatsa
Ngakhale kuti mbalameyi imakhala m'maiko otentha, nthawi zina imakhala m'malo omwe kumakhala chinyezi, pafupi ndi madzi. Asilamu amalemekeza mbalameyi ndipo amaiona ngati chizindikiro cha nzeru. Malinga ndi mtundu umodzi, ndi Asilamu omwe adapatsa dzinali mbalameyi ndipo imachokera ku mawu oti "mrabut", kutanthauza "wophunzitsa za chisilamu".
Ngakhale zili choncho, m'maiko aku Africa, mpaka pano, mbalameyi imasakidwa chifukwa cha nthenga zake zokongola. M'mayiko ena ku Europe, marabou fluff amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi apolisi kupaka ufa kuti azindikire zala zawo.
Ku Nairobi ndi Kenya, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'midzi ndi m'matawuni. Marabou pachithunzipa yozunguliridwa ndi nyumba zaboma ndi mafakitale zimawoneka zapadera. Amamanga zisa m'mitengo yomwe ili pamwambapa, osazindikira phokoso ndi mkangano. Ngakhale kuti ndi yaukhondo, m'maiko ambiri mu Africa, mbalameyi imadziwika kuti ndi yoipa komanso yonyansa.
Mbalameyi imadziwikanso kuti mbalame yothandizana nayo chifukwa cha miyendo italiitali. Dzina lina la mbalameyi ndi omwe amadya. Malinga ndi zomwe ogwira ntchito ku Kruger Park (South Africa) awona, marabou amatulutsa chimbudzi pamapazi awo, motero, amakhala akuwonongeka nthawi zonse. Amakhulupirira kuti amachita izi kuti azitha kutentha thupi lake.
Marabou amakhala ku Leningrad Zoo kwa zaka 37. Iwo anamubweretsa mu 1953, ali wamng'ono, anagwidwa kuthengo. Ngakhale kuti ndi yonyansa, mbalameyi ndi yolumikizana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Mbalameyi imakulolani kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda m'dera lake, kuyeretsa chilengedwe, chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri kumayiko otentha.
