Lark ndi mbalame yopitirira pang'ono kukula kwa mpheta, yotchuka padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chakuimba kwake kokoma. Palibe mawu amtundu uliwonse padziko lapansi omwe angafanane nawo.
Kufotokozera kwa lark
Lark ndi mbalame yaing'ono... Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kawirikawiri kuposa 70 magalamu. Zing'onozing'ono zamtunduwu zimatha kulemera pafupifupi magalamu 26. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 11-20, kuyambira kumutu mpaka mchira. Miyendo imawoneka yayifupi kwambiri komanso yosaya poyerekeza ndi thupi, koma yolimba kwambiri. Mutu umasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu. Mlomo wake ndi wokhota ndiponso waukulu.
Ndizosangalatsa!Ndiwo othamanga kwambiri. Izi zimawonetsedwa chifukwa cha kapangidwe kapadera ka thupi lawo. Ndikuchepa kwa thupi, mapiko ake ndi akulu komanso akusesa, ndipo mchira ndi wamfupi.
Pangozi yomwe ikuyandikira, khungwalo limatha kuuluka ngati mwala, kuyesa kusochera muudzu wandiweyani. Malinga ndi nthano zachi Slavic, lark ndiye amateteza zokolola zatsopano. Potengera zikhulupiriro, mbalamezi ndi kuyimba kwawo zimatha kubweretsa mvula nthawi yachilala. Anthu adaphika zifanizo zooneka ngati mbalameyi ndikuzigawa kwa abwenzi ndi oyandikana nawo kuti alandire chizindikiro ichi cha kubala.
Maonekedwe
Maonekedwe a khungwa ndiwowoneka bwino komanso modzichepetsa. Mitundu yake yodzitchinjiriza ndi ya nthaka yomwe imakhala. Akazi pafupifupi samasiyana ndi amuna. Achinyamata okha ndi omwe amawoneka okongola kuposa abale awo. Thupi la khungwa limakutidwa ndi nthenga za variegated. Chifuwa chimakhala chopepuka pang'ono poyerekeza ndi nthenga zina zonse, nthenga zake zili ndi utoto wakuda. Kawirikawiri, maonekedwe a mbalame iliyonse amachokera ku mitundu ya zamoyo. Zonsezi, pali mitundu pafupifupi 78 yomwe yafalikira, pafupifupi mdziko lonse loyera.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
M'chaka, chisanu chomaliza chitachoka, ndi mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi zosangalatsa zawo, ngati ngakhale mosangalala, zimadziwitsa za kuyamba kwa kasupe. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyimba kwawo kumamveka kokongola kwambiri, ndikuthawira. Amaimba nthawi zambiri madzulo komanso mbandakucha. Kuyimba kwa anthu osiyanasiyana kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi mawu. Amatha kukopera wina ndi mnzake, mbalame zina komanso ngakhale malankhulidwe amunthu, kutengera maphunziro ovuta a luso lotere ndi munthu yemwe.
Lark, ambiri, sakhala mbalame zachisanu, zimasamukira kwina. Popeza idadutsa m'malo otentha, imatha kuwonedwa pachisa chake mu February kapena Marichi, bola ngati dzinja lili lotentha. Nyengo ikangotha kulephera kwa mbalamezi, zimasamukira m'magulu onse kupita kumadera ofunda kuti zikafufuze komwe zingapeze chakudya. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi malo obzalidwa ndi tirigu ndi udzu wamtali, masitepe, malo otentha ndi minda yaulimi. Amapewa kutengapo mitengo ndipo amapezeka m'malo otseguka m'mapiri.
Khungwa limatha kukhala chaka chonse pamalo omwewo. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndikutentha kwa chaka chonse ndi chakudya chochuluka.... Amalimbikitsa nyumba zawo pansi pa aster, nthambi za chowawa kapena mtundu wabluegrass.
Nthawi zina amatha kupezeka mu manyowa a akavalo kapena pansi pa mwala. Nthawi yomanga zisa ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi mbalame zina. Amayamba kugwira ntchito, titero, mochedwa. Lark amayamba kumanga zisa zawo udzu utakwera kale ndipo pali mwayi wobisa nyumba yaying'ono mmenemo.
Ndizosangalatsa!Lark ndi makolo osamala kwambiri. Makamaka nthumwi zomwe zimapezeka ku Europe. Mkaziyo, atakhala pa clutch, samadzuka ngakhale munthu akuyenda pafupi.
Chisa chikakonzeka, ndi nthawi yoti muikire mazira. Akazi amathera nthawi yawo yambiri akufungatira. Nthawi zambiri "kuyimba", samakonda kukwera kumwamba. Ngakhale nyimbo za lark zimatha kumveka kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kulira kwa mbalamezi kumamveka kwamphamvu ngati iwuluka kwambiri, voliyumu imatsika akamayandikira pansi.
Mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, mbalame zimaimba pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Munthawi imeneyi, amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri kulera ana awo, pambuyo pake mazirawo amaikidwanso ndipo masamba atsopano amasakanikirana.
Kodi larks amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Mu ukapolo, khungwa limatha kukhala zaka khumi. Mwachilengedwe, malinga ndi zofunikira zonse pazomwe zili. Ndikofunika kumusamalira bwino, chifukwa makungwa ndi mbalame zamanyazi. Akuluakulu amatha kukhala pafupifupi maola eyiti akuimba. Ndikofunika kuyang'anira osati chakudya choyenera cha mbalameyo, komanso ukhondo wake. Khola liyenera kusamba ndi mchenga wamtsinje woyera kuti utsuke nthenga. Mumafunikira zakudya zosiyanasiyana, madzi abwino ndiyofunika.
Mitundu ya Lark
Pali mitundu 78 ya lark. Tiyeni tikambirane zazofala kwambiri.
Lark wam'munda
Iyi ndi mbalame yolemera pafupifupi magalamu 40, mamilimita 180 kutalika. Ili ndi thupi lolimba lokhala ndi mlomo wokutika pamutu pake. Ngakhale kuti nyumbayi ndi yolemera kwambiri, imayenda mosavuta pansi, pomwe imapeza chakudya. Nthenga kumbuyo kwake zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa madontho otuwa-achikasu. Chifuwa ndi mbali zake ndi zofiirira. Pamiyendo pamakhala zotuluka mwapadera ngati khadabo. Amapezeka kwambiri ku Palaearctic ndi kumpoto kwa Africa.
Kumaliza lark
Mtundu wa mbalameyi ndi wamchenga wamchenga wokhala ndi utoto wa ocher pa peritoneum. Kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 30 okha, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi mamilimita 175. Amakhala m'chipululu chakumpoto kwa Africa kuchokera ku Algeria mpaka ku Nyanja Yofiira. Amakonda madera omwe ali chipululu, amasankha zigwa zamiyala ndi dongo kuti azikhalamo.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mtundu uwu ndi amodzi mwazomwe zimatha kupirira bwino kutentha kwa chipululu cha Sahara.
Makungwa a nkhuni
Makungwa a m'nkhalango amafanana ndi wachibale wam'munda. Kusiyana kokha ndiko kukula, khungwa la nkhalango silitali kuposa mamilimita 160 kutalika. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka akuthamanga pansi kufunafuna phindu, kapena m'maenje amitengo. Mutha kukumana ndi mbalame iyi pakatikati ndi kumadzulo kwa Europe, komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa. Amakhazikika pansi pa mitengo ikuluikulu, kuyesera kubisala muudzu ndi mizu yotuluka. Mwachilengedwe, khungwa la nkhalango nthawi zambiri limatchedwa spiny, chifukwa limakonda kudumphira pamwamba pamitengo, kuyimba nyimbo mofanana ndi "yuli-yuli-yuli".
Lark wocheperako
Larker Yocheperako ndiye yokongola kwambiri komanso yocheperako mitunduyo. Mitengo yakuda imatha kuwoneka m'mbali mwa mbalameyi poyang'anitsitsa. Mwambiri, utoto si wowala kwenikweni. Zafalikira ku Europe ndi Asia.
Makungwa a m'chipululu
Mitundu ya mbalameyi ili ndi mtundu womwe umagwirizana kwathunthu ndi malo akunja. Maluwa amenewa amakhala m'madambo opanda madzi a ku Africa ndi Arabia. Komanso ku Western India ndi Afghanistan. Mbalameyi ndi yomwe imayimira anthu ambiri. M'litali mwake kufika 230 millimeters. Ali ndi zala zazifupi kwambiri, mlomo wopindika kutsika. Amapanga zomanga mumchenga, ndikupanga kukhumudwa mmenemo, kuphimba m'mbali ndi pamwamba ndi nthambi zazing'ono ndi udzu.
Razun lark
Mbalameyi ndi wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa skylark. Ndi ofanana ndi nthenga, zizolowezi, komanso moyo. Mosiyana ndi khungwa lakumunda, mtunduwu umayamba kuyimba - ukukwera mmwamba kwambiri, kenako nkuumaliza, ukugwa ngati mwala wotsikira molunjika. M'malo mwake, ma lark akumunda, amatsikira pansi, akuyenda mozungulira.
Makungwa a nyanga
M'mbali mwa korona wa mbalameyi muli nthenga zolumikizika zomwe zimawoneka ngati nyanga. Zomangamanga izi zimatchulidwa makamaka msinkhu wokhwima wa mbalameyi. Amasiyana pakusiyanitsa mitundu.
Imvi yakumbuyo yokhala ndi utoto wa pinki imalowetsedwa m'malo ndi whitish peritoneum. Chovala chotchedwa "chigoba chakuda" chimayenderana ndi chikaso chakumtunda ndi kumtunda. Palinso oimira, oimba, achikuda ndi ena oimira mitunduyo.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Larks amapezeka pafupifupi pafupifupi makontinenti onse. Zambiri zisa zamoyo ku Eurasia kapena zimakonda kuchezera mayiko aku Africa. Mtundu wa skylark ndiwambiri, umaphatikizapo ambiri ku Europe ndi Asia, komanso mapiri aku North Africa.
Zakudya za Lark
Zakudya za lark ndizosiyanasiyana... Amadya chilichonse chomwe angapeze padziko lapansi. Mphutsi zing'onozing'ono ndi nyongolotsi zina ndi zomwe amakonda kwambiri. Koma, ngati kulibe, khungwalo silinyoza mbewu za chaka chatha zomwe zimapezeka m'minda.
Ndizosangalatsa!lark ameza miyala yaying'ono, yomwe imathandizira kukonza chimbudzi.
Tirigu ndi oats amakonda kwambiri mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Komanso, mbalamezi sizisamala posaka. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono titha kukhala nyama. Monga kafadala, nyerere, mbozi, dzombe ndi nsikidzi zina, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri minda.
Kubereka ndi ana
Akamabisala nthawi yozizira kwambiri, anyani amphongo ndiwo amakhala oyamba kubwerera ku zisa zawo. Amayamba kukonza zisa, pambuyo pake akazi amabwerera. Zisa za Lark zimalumikizana ndi chilengedwe mozungulira momwe angathere, kuti zisayime motsutsana ndi mbiri yonseyo. Amadziwa zambiri zokhudza chiwembu. Ngakhale mazira omwe atayikiridwa mu chisa amakhala ndi utoto wamawangamawanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuziwona. Mabanja omwe adapangidwa pambuyo pake amatenga mazira.
M'chisa chosakanizidwa ndi chachikazi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira 4 mpaka 6. Ana awiri amabadwa pachaka. Nthawi ya bere imatenga pafupifupi masiku 15, kenako anapiye ang'onoang'ono amaswa. Atangobadwa, amakhala akhungu, ndipo thupi limakutidwa ndi madzi osachepera, omwe pambuyo pake amasanduka nthenga zakuda.
Zowonadi, patatha mwezi umodzi kuchokera pomwe adabadwa, khungwa laling'ono silotsika konse kwa wamkulu, ndipo limayamba kukhala ndikufunafuna chakudya palokha. Onse makolo amatenga nawo mbali kudyetsa ana omwe sanakhwime. Nthawi zambiri, chimanga chaching'ono chimabweretsedwa ku anapiye. Zina mwa izo ndi mapira, oats, fulakesi ndi tirigu. Kwa ana, amapanganso chowonjezera chamwala, chochepa kwambiri. Amagubuduza mchenga kukhala nthungwi, kuwabweretsa kwa ana awo.
Adani achilengedwe
Lark ndi mbalame zazing'ono, osatetezedwa ndipo amayenera kuchita mantha... Amagwera mosavuta makoswe ndi mbalame zodya nyama. Adani awo achilengedwe ndi ermines, ferrets ndi weasels. Komanso mbewa zakumunda, zikopa, njoka, akabawi ndi akhwangwala. Ndipo ili ndi gawo limodzi chabe mwa iwo omwe akufuna kudya oimba omwe ali ndi nthenga. Kabawi kakang'ono kokondwerera ndiye mdani wamkulu wa khungwa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amalimbana nalo pamtunda, komwe amakopeka ndi kuyimba mokweza.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mwambiri, mbalamezi zimapindulitsa ulimi powononga tizirombo tating'onoting'ono. Ndiponso, kuyimba kwawo kwabwino ndi gwero lamtendere wamumtima, kupumula kwathunthu ndikulimbikitsa.
Pakadali pano, mbalame yopanda chitetezoyi imakhala pachiwopsezo makamaka ndipo nthawi zambiri imatha kuthawa kwa mlenje wanzeru, kugwa ngati mwala pansi kuti ikabisala muudzu wandiweyani. Pomwe "wosaka mlengalenga" amayang'ana kumwamba, zisa za lark zitha kuwonongedwa ndi nyama zodya nyama.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Mitundu 50 yama lark imaphatikizidwa mu IUCN Red Book, momwe mitundu 7 ili pangozi kapena pangozi.
