Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya nkhuku yomwe imafalikira m'madera ambiri, oweta nkhuku ena amasunganso mitundu yachilendo yomwe imasiyana ndi mulingo wovomerezeka. Nkhuku holosheyki - mtundu wakale, koma wosowa kwambiri, wowoneka modabwitsa.
Amazisunga makamaka ngati zokongoletsa, ngakhale ndizofunikanso ngati dzira ndi nyama. Oeta nkhuku omwe amakonda nkhuku zamaliseche adzafunika kudziwa zambiri za zomwe ali nazo, za kusunga, kudyetsa mbalame zazing'ono ndi zazikulu, ndi kuswana.
Chiyambi ndi mawonekedwe apadera
Zimakhulupirira kuti mtundu wa nkhuku holosheyka koyamba ku Spain, koma adabwera ku Russia kuchokera ku Romania, komwe idakulitsidwa kwambiri mzaka zapitazo. Ndicho chifukwa chake dzina lina la goloshek ndi nkhuku za Transylvanian.
Chomwe chimasiyanitsa mtunduwo ndikusowa kwathunthu kwa nthenga pakhosi ndi chotupa. Izi ndi zotsatira za kusintha kwa jini komwe kumayambitsa mapangidwe a nthenga za nkhuku. Khalidweli ndilopambana ndipo limafalikira kwa ana, nkhuku sizikhala zopanda khosi ngakhale zitawoloka ndi mitundu ina ya nkhuku. Khalidwe lakusowa pakhosi limawoneka kale mu nkhuku zausiku; kuchokera pamtunduwu, munthu akhoza kukhazikitsa mosakayikira kukhala awo amtunduwo.
Mu nkhuku zazikulu za ku Spain golosheyka mulibe nthenga osati pakhosi pokha, komanso mwa anthu ena komanso pa zokolola, koma m'malo ena mkati mwamiyendo ndi pansi pa mapiko. Ndi ukalamba, khungu lopanda nthenga limasanduka lofiyira, lolimba komanso lokutidwa ndi khola laling'ono.
Pali nthenga kumbuyo kwa khosi pafupi ndi mutu, zimatha kumamatira pamutu kapena kupanga tuft, kumunsi kwa khosi - otchedwa uta - wakuthwa kwa nthenga zosalala. Komabe, akukhulupilira kuti mukamatsegula khosi ndi goiter, nkhuku imasamaliranso kwambiri.
Nkhuku Spanish Golosheyki:
- wapakati kukula;
- muyezo thupi;
- bwino muscled;
- mawonekedwe apakatikati ofanana ndi tsamba kapena duwa;
- chifuwa chokhotakhota;
- miyendo yochepa yachikasu kapena imvi.
Ali ndi nthenga zotayirira, zotuluka, ndichifukwa chake amakhulupirira kuti ndizosavuta kuzikolola. Malinga ndi muyezo wa mbalame za mtundu, sizilandiridwa kukhala ndi nthenga pakhosi ndi miyendo, khungu lachikaso m'malo "opanda kanthu", nkhope yakuda, maso akuda kuposa nthawi zonse, ndolo zoyera, mchira wakuthwa.
Mtundu wa nthenga ukhoza kukhala wosiyanasiyana, pamitundu iliyonse: wakuda, woyera, nkhwangwa, wofiira, wosiyanasiyana, Partridge, wabuluu wokhala ndi malire. Nkhuku zokhala ndi nthenga zamtundu wakuda ndi maso ofiira ofiira, ndi nthenga yowala - lalanje-lofiira. Chicken holosheyka pachithunzipa imapereka chithunzi cha momwe mitundu ya anthu imawonekera.
Spanish holosheets ndi zokulirapo
Kukolola bwino
Anapiye amaliseche amawonetsa kupulumuka kwakukulu - 94%, amakula mwachangu, kudya chakudya wamba. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayambira miyezi 5.5-6, zomwe zimaimira oimira mazira abwino kwambiri. Mazira a Holochek chachikulu, 55-60 g iliyonse, ndi chipolopolo choyera kapena choterera.
Zizindikiro zopanga mazira - mchaka choyamba mpaka zidutswa 180, lotsatira - zidutswa 150. Chifukwa chake, mazira a nkhuku amatha kupezeka masiku awiri kapena atatu aliwonse. Zachidziwikire, izi sizithunzithunzi zabwino, mitundu yatsopano yatsopano imayika mazira ambiri, koma izi ndizokwanira banja.
Nkhuku zimathamanga mpaka zaka 3-5, ndiye kuchuluka kwa zigawo kuyenera kusinthidwa, popeza kupanga dzira kumachepa kwambiri. Zonsezi, golosheki, monga nkhuku zina, amatha kukhala zaka 10-15, ndiye nthawi yayitali kwambiri yamtunduwu, koma kunyumba palibe amene angawasunge kwanthawi yayitali.
Kuphatikiza pa mazira, nyama yabwino kwambiri imatha kupezeka ndi nkhuku. Kulemera kwa Holoshack - 3-3.5 kg (amuna) ndi 2-2.5 kg (nkhuku). Amadziunjikira misa yotere chaka chimodzi. Chizindikiro cha mtunduwu ndi misa yambiri yamatumbo, yomwe imapangitsa kuti nyama izisilira kwa ogula.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
Amakhulupirira kuti nkhuku zachilendo kwambiri, ndizovuta kuzisamalira, ndizabwino, zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera, ndiye kuti si alimi ambiri omwe ali okonzeka kuyambitsa nkhuku, ngakhale zokongola, koma zovuta.
Koma sizili choncho ndi holoshecks. Ngakhale kulibe nthenga m'khosi, amalekerera kuzizira bwino, amatha kukhala pafupifupi zigawo zilizonse zaku Russia, amatha kumasulidwa poyenda ngakhale nthawi yozizira (kutentha mpaka -15 ° C).
Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti mutha kuwasungira kuzizira nthawi zonse, nthawi yozizira muzipinda zosazungulira. M'nyumba yozizira ya nkhuku, amathamanga moipa, amawononga mphamvu zambiri kutenthetsa thupi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amadya chakudya chochuluka. Izi zimachepetsa phindu la kukonza kwawo, motero kumakhala kosavuta komanso kopindulitsa kutetezera nyumba.
Opanda nsapato amakhala omasuka ndikunyamula bwino pokhapokha kutentha kopitilira 0 ° C, ndipo zimakhala bwino kwambiri ngati kutentha kwachitetezo cha nkhuku kusungidwa pa 15 ° C. Pasapezeke ma drafts, kapena chinyezi ngakhale. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutulutsa nyumbayo kangapo tsiku lililonse, kutsegula zitseko, mawindo kapena kuyipakira mpweya wabwino.
Pansi paliponse pa khola la nkhuku, muyenera kuyala peat tchipisi tambiri, zinthuzo zimatenga chinyezi bwino, zimalepheretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kukula. Nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kuwonjezera wosanjikiza watsopano wakale ukangonyansa.
Sinthani zinyalala osachepera 1-2 kamodzi pachaka. M'chaka ndi nthawi yophukira, perekani mankhwala kuchokera ku khola la nkhuku ndi zida zonse zomwe zilimo. Muyeneranso kuyika odyetsa ndi omwera ambiri mchipinda momwe nkhuku zonse zimatha kudyera limodzi, kuyandikira chakudyacho momasuka, ndipo osalimbana nacho.
Ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito odyetsa ma hopper amakono ndi omwe amamwa okha: simusowa kuwadzaza katatu patsiku, nkhuku nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi chakudya zikafunika. Izi zichepetsa nthawi yomwe amakhala akuwasamalira ndikupangitsa kuti mlimi wa nkhuku azisamalira bwino ziweto. Zolemba zoterezi zikugulitsidwa, koma ngati mukufuna, ndizotheka kuti mukhale nokha.
Mwachilengedwe chawo, nkhuku zamaliseche ndizodekha, zosagwirizana, zimatha kukhala bwino ndi mbalame ina mchipinda chomwecho, sizikakamiza zofunikira pazakudya ndi mndende. Ngakhale zili choncho, golosheki ndiotanganidwa ndipo sioyenera kukonza ma cell, amayenera kuyenda, kuyenda tsiku lililonse. Chifukwa chake, kuyenda, ngakhale kocheperako, kuyenera kukhala moyandikana ndi nyumba iliyonse ya nkhuku.
Pokuyikira nkhuku, kuyatsa ndikofunikira, kutalika kwake komanso kulimba kwake. Ndi kusowa kwa kuwala, nkhuku sizingagone bwino. Kuyambira nthawi yophukira, tsiku likakhala lalifupi, mpaka masika, nyali mnyumba ziyenera kuyatsidwa m'mawa ndi madzulo. Kutalika konse kwa tsiku ndi kuyatsa koyenera kuyenera kukhala maola 14. Usiku, nyali ziyenera kuzimitsidwa kuti mbalame zigone.
Ma voles obereketsa
Mukamapanga ziweto, muyenera kukumbukira kuti pasapezeke nkhuku zoposa 10 pa tambala mmodzi, ngati zilipo zochuluka, si mazira onse amene adzakumane ndi umuna. Izi sizofunikira ngati mbalame imangosungidwa kuti ingopeza mazira kuti adye, koma ngati nkhuku zikufunika, izi ziyenera kutsatiridwa.
Monga momwe alimi ambiri amachitira nkhuku, nkhuku zamaliseche sizikufuna kukhala pamazira ndipo, podziwa mbalameyi, eni ake samaikira mazira pansi pa nkhuku, koma amagwiritsa ntchito kachipangizo kakang'ono kanyumba.
Pogona mmenemo, muyenera kusankha zinthu zabwino kwambiri - mazira omwe ndi yunifolomu kukula kwake, opanda ming'alu ndi mawanga pachikopa, komanso mwatsopano momwe angathere. Ndibwino kuti mudzaze tebulo loyeserera kuti muwonetsetse kutentha ndi chinyezi. Kutalika kwa makulitsidwe, monga mitundu ina ya nkhuku, ndi masiku 21.
Kusamalira anapiye
Kutsekemera kwa nkhuku ndibwino, palibe pafupifupi kufa. Nkhuku zazikulu ngakhale sizikhala pamazira, zimatha kuweta nkhuku ndikuzichita moyenera. Mutha kukula makanda ndikusiyana ndi akulu.
Anapiye adzafunika kukhazikitsa brooder ndikupachika nyali yofiira pamwamba pake kuyatsa ndi kutentha. Choyamba, amatenthedwa, kutentha kwambiri kuposa 25 ° C, akafika mwezi umodzi, amachepetsedwa mpaka 15-20 ° C.
Zakudya za ana ndizosiyana ndi za nkhuku zazikulu. M'masiku awiri oyambilira, amangodya dzira lowiritsa, losalala bwino, kenako tchizi wosakhala ndi acidic amatha kuwonjezerapo (1 mpaka 1), tsiku lachitatu - amadyera: parsley kapena katsabola, tirigu wodulidwa ndi chimanga, tirigu kapena oats.
Muyenera kuwonjezera kaloti wophika wosakanikirana, ngati palibe masamba - ufa waudzu (2-3 g pamutu), mavitamini A, E ndi D mumafuta ndi mafuta a nsomba (kawiri pa sabata, 1 tsp pa 1 kg feed), mkaka wopotana, whey, mkaka watsopano.
Nkhuku zazing'ono zimapatsidwa chakudya poziwaza pa bolodi lowonda, lomwe limayikidwa pansi pa nyali yofiira. Chakumwa chakumwa madzi oyera, opanda klorini chimayikidwa pambali pake. Mutha kuyika timibulu tating'onoting'ono ta potaziyamu permanganate mmenemo kuti madzi asanduke pinki wowala, izi zitha kuteteza kufa kwa nkhuku m'mimba. Kudyetsa pafupipafupi koyambirira kuyenera kukhala kokwanira - mpaka 5-6 patsiku (milungu iwiri yoyambirira), pakatha milungu inayi ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kudyetsa mpaka katatu.
Mlungu uliwonse goloshek imadyetsedwa ndi mazira, mankhusu, mbewu zophika (kaloti, mbatata), amadyera. Tengani zigawo zonse mofanana. Chakudya chiyenera kukhala chopanda pake, osati chouma, koma osathamanga. Nkhuku zamasiku 10 zimadyetsedwa chakudya chomwecho, koma popanda dzira, ndikuwonjezera keke yamafuta (3-4%), chakudya cha mafupa (2-3 g pamutu), choko chochepa, komanso kuyambira masabata awiri ndi mchere.
Pamsinkhu uwu, chinangwa (10% ya chakudya) chitha kuphunzitsidwa pazakudya zawo. Anapiye a sabata zitatu amaloledwa kale kutsanulira tirigu wathunthu, nandolo wosweka. Osapereka masamba owola, ovunda, tirigu wovunda ndi udzu. Ziweto zazing'ono ziyenera kudya pafupifupi 15-30 g ya chakudya patsiku. Pakugawana kulikonse, zotsalira kuchokera kwa odyetsa ziyenera kuchotsedwa kuti zisakhale zowawa, muzimutsuka ndi madzi ndikuumitsa.
Kudyetsa akuluakulu
Mutha kudyetsa goloshek chimodzimodzi ndi nkhuku zina, ndiye kuti, tirigu, zotayira zake, mizu, udzu wodulidwa, ndiwo zamasamba ndi zidutswa za zipatso, onjezerani fupa, chakudya cha nsomba, yisiti, zowonjezera mavitamini ndi mchere.
Pofuna kuti chakudya chizigayidwa bwino nthawi zonse, nthawi zonse ziyenera kukhala ndi mchenga wolimba komanso timiyala tating'ono tazakudya zawo. Kupezeka kwa madzi oyera ndilovomerezeka, kuyenera kusinthidwa tsiku lililonse.
Nkhuku zouma zoumba nkhuku ikhoza kudya tirigu, wathunthu, wosweka, utakula, phala lonyowa. Ndi mulingo woyenera kuwapatsa phala m'mawa, ndi tirigu madzulo. Kuphatikiza pa njere - maziko azakudyazo - muyenera kuwonjezera udzu, nsonga, masamba osungunuka, tubers ya mbatata, udzu wamsongole ndi nyemba - tirigu kapena masamba (nandolo ndi nyemba, nyemba, sainfoin ndi vetch) ku phala.
M'chaka mutha kudula lunguzi, dandelions, burdock, grassgrass. Kuika nkhuku, popanga chipolopolocho, kumafunikira calcium, kotero musaiwale kuwonjezera choko paphala. Munthu m'modzi wolemera 2 kg patsiku ayenera kudya 130-150 g wa chakudya. Izi ndizodziwika bwino, koma ngati nkhuku zimadya kwambiri, simuyenera kuziletsa pazakudya.
Nkhuku holosheyki broilers amathanso kudya tirigu, udzu, koma amatha kudyetsedwa ndi chakudya chopangidwa ndi makonzedwe okonzeka, izi ndizosavuta - simuyenera kukonzekera zosakaniza tsiku lililonse, muziona ngati zatsopano kapena ayi, kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa zosakaniza.
Chakudya chabwino chophatikiza chili ndi zinthu zonse zomwe nkhuku zimafuna, kuphatikiza kwake ndi kuchuluka kwake zasankhidwa bwino. Muyenera kutsatsa ad libitum youma pawiri, iyenera kukhala yodyetsa nthawi zonse, mukuigwiritsa ntchito, muyenera kukumbukira kuti nkhuku ziyenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza madzi momasuka. Pafupifupi miyezi inayi pakudya kotere, ma broiler amatha kuphedwa ngati nyama.
Malinga ndi ndemanga za alimi ambiri a nkhuku, m'minda yawo momwe muli golosheyk, uwu ndi mtundu wabwino, ndizopindulitsa kuusunga, nkhuku sizikhala ndi mavuto. Iwo amene amakayikira ngati ndikofunikira kukhala ndi mbalameyi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake oyambirira ayenera kulabadira mawonekedwe ake okongola.
