Kambuku wa ku Ussurian, amadziwikanso kuti Amur, Korea, Siberia, Far Eastern, Altai, ndiye mtundu waukulu kwambiri komanso wochepa kwambiri wa kambuku. Mwamuna wokongola uyu, mwatsoka, wasowa. Ku Russia, mwa njira, amatchedwa babr (chiyambi cha dzinali chidayikidwa ndi mawu a Yakut "baabyr").
Nyalugwe ya Amur ikuwoneka modabwitsa. Ndi wokulirapo kuposa mkango kukula kwake. Kulemera kwake Kambuku wa Ussuri ukufika 300 kg ndi zambiri. M'mabukuwo, amuna mpaka 390 kg amatchulidwa. Thupi ndilotalika masentimita 160 mpaka 290.
Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Mchira wokha ndi womwe umatha kufikira masentimita 110. Nthawi yomweyo, nyama imayenda mwakachetechete modekha ndikudabwa ndi chisomo chake chosasinthika. Chinsinsi chagona pamapadi apadera paws.
Asayansi apeza kuti ngakhale anyani akuluakulu anyani a Ussuri amakono akadali otsika kukula kwa makolo awo. Agogo awo aamuna ndi agogo awo amatha kulemera mpaka 230 kg. Zowononga tsopano zikuchepa, kwinaku zikutsogola kutsogola pakati pa mitundu ina.
Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti akambuku acheperako chifukwa chakusokonekera kwamunthu. Taiga ikudulidwa mwachangu. Zakudya za ziweto zatsika, ndipo chakudya chakhala chovuta kupeza. Akazi amalemera pang'ono - mpaka makilogalamu 120.
Nthawi yawo ya moyo ndiyofupikitsa kuposa yamwamuna. Izi ndichifukwa choti ndi wamkazi yekhayo amene amachita ntchito zonse zaubereki. Amabereka ana, kuwaphunzitsa, kuwadyetsa. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, nyalugwe satenga nawo mbali pa ntchito ya kholo.
Posachedwa, akambuku akuluakulu aku Bengal akhala akuwonekera m'malo osungira nyama ku India. Kwa iwo okha nyalugwe wa Ussuri nthawi zina amataya kukula. Mwachilengedwe, amakhalabe nthumwi yayikulu kwambiri yamabanja ambiri achikazi.
Kambuku wa Ussuri pachithunzichi - munthu wokongola. Nyama izi zikuwoneka bwino. Iwo akhala chimake cha mphamvu, chipiriro. Akambukuwa amatha kukoka nyama yakutchire yaphedwa kwa theka la kilomita pansi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mphaka wakuthengo uyu akuwoneka wokongola kwambiri. Thupi losinthasintha limakongoletsedwa bwino ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Mutu wake ndi wokongola, wozungulira, wokhala ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono osamalika. Kambukuyu ali ndi mtundu wachilendo komanso wowoneka bwino kwambiri. Iye ndi wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wachangu. Ikhoza kufikira liwiro la 80 km / h, komanso chipale chofewa. Cheetah yekha ndiye amathamanga kuposa bambo wokongola uyu.
Izi zokha zokha zimakhala ndi masentimita asanu a mafuta am'mimba. Imateteza molondola ku chisanu, mphepo yozizira. Thupi limasinthasintha, limakhala lalitali, lokhala ndi mutu wozungulira wamphamvu, zikhomo ndizochepa. Mchira wautali umakongoletsa nyamayo ndikuthandizira poyendetsa. Chifukwa chokhala m'malo ozizira, njoka ndizochepa.
Nyama imatha kusiyanitsa mitundu, imawona bwino usiku. Ali ndi mano olimba okwanira 30 omwe amalola ngakhale chimbalangondo chachikulu kuti chiziluma nthawi yomweyo pamitsempha ya khomo lachiberekero. Zikhadabo zolimba zimathandiza kugwira ndikuphwanya nyama, kudumpha mitengo mwachangu kwambiri.
Ubweya wa munthuyu wokhala m'nkhalango yozizira ndiwotentha kwambiri, wandiweyani, ndipo ali ndi utoto wowala kuposa wa abale omwe amakhala mdera lofunda. Ubweyawo ndi lalanje. Belly, chifuwa ndi zotupa zoyera ndizoyera. Pamaso pake mikwingwirima imasandulika ndimadontho okongola.
Kambuku wa Ussuri - nyama ndi malaya okongola kwambiri. Kumbali, kumbuyo kwamphamvu, kumbuyo kofiira kumakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yopingasa. Kambuku kalikonse amakhala ndi milozo yapadera. Simungapeze nyama ziwiri zomwe zili ndi mtundu wofanana. Ngakhale kuti mthunzi wa malayawo ndi wowala kwambiri, mikwingwirima imaphimba nyama yolombayo bwino. Nthawi zambiri, wovulalayo mtsogolo amamupeza yekha pamphuno pake.
Akambuku a Amur Ussuri ndi chuma chenicheni cha nyama za taiga ku Far East. N'zosadabwitsa kuti kwa nthawi yaitali anthu okhala kuno amamupembedza ndikumupatsa mphamvu zamatsenga. Tsopano nyama yachilendo imakongoletsa malaya aku Primorsky Territory ndi zizindikiritso zachigawo cha zigawo zake.
Ngakhale ali ndi mphamvu zonse, nyamayi ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Zimatengera kwathunthu kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe amasaka. Tigawe wochuluka akamadulidwa, mpata wochepa wopulumuka nyalugwe wa Amur amakhala nawo.
Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya akambuku yonse. Yaikulu kwambiri ndi Amur. Ili ndiye mphaka wamkulu padziko lathu lodabwitsa. Ndichizolowezi padziko lapansi kutcha mitundu iyi Amur.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Moyo womwewo ndi wofanana ndi wa fines ambiri - kukhala wekha. Ussuri kambuku amakhala mosamalitsa m'gawo lake ndikuyesera kuti asachoke. Pofunafuna chakudya, imatha kusintha maulendo ataliatali.
Nyalugwe amalemba malire ndi gawo lake ndi mkodzo. Imathanso kukanda pansi, kuthyola makungwa a mitengo. Ndi kutalika komwe khungwa la mtengo limasosedwa, munthu amatha kumvetsetsa kutalika kwake kwa nyama. Alendo amaopseza ndi kubangula. Kumenya nkhondo m'derali ndikosowa kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri nyalugwe amakhala chete. Mwambiri, amadziwika ndi kukhala chete kwake. Akatswiri a zoo nthawi zina samva phokoso lawo kwa zaka zingapo, ngakhale atawona nthawi zonse. Kubangula kumamveka munthawi ya mafunde. Akazi amabangula pafupipafupi. Kubangula kwa nyama yolusa kwachita phokoso, mwachete, mokwiya kumakhala ngati chifuwa. Ngati nyama ili bwino, imatsuka.
Anthu ambiri amakhala kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Russia. Zitha kupezeka pagombe la Amur ndi Ussuri (Khabarovsk, Primorsky Territories). Amapezekanso m'munsi mwa Sikhote-Alin (Primorsky Territory, Lazovsky District). Dera laling'ono ili limakhala ndi kambuku aliyense wachisanu ndi chimodzi.
Mu 2003, zilombo zambiri zidapezeka m'mapiri a Sikhote-Alin (Primorsky Territory). Posankha malo okhala, kambuku wa Amur amaganizira chinthu chachikulu - kaya pali zachilengedwe zakutchire m'derali. Akasowa, kapena kuchepa kwa anthu, nyalugwe adzafa ndi njala.
Komanso, posankha malo okhala, zimaganiziridwa ngati pali malo okhala achilengedwe, kutalika kwa chipale chofewa m'dera lomwe mwapatsidwa. Akambuku amakonda kubisala m'tchire, m'matumba achilengedwe. Kuti akhale ndi moyo amasankha:
- zigwa za mitsinje;
- mapiri atadzala ndi nkhalango;
- nkhalango zamkungudza;
- nkhalango zachiwiri;
- Uchi wokhathamira ndi mkungudza, thundu.
Tsoka ilo, akambuku tsopano ali pafupi kuthamangitsidwa kwathunthu ndi anthu otsika. Maderawa adapangidwa kale kuti akhale olima. Nthawi zina, m'nyengo yanjala komanso yoopsa, nyalugwe amatha kuyendera malo omwe atayika posaka chakudya chofunikira.
Munthu wokongola uyu akhoza kutchedwa mbuye wa gawo lalikulu. Katundu wamwamuna - mpaka 800 km², wamkazi - mpaka 500 km². Amalemba malowo mothandizidwa ndi chinsinsi chapadera, komanso amasiya zokanda pamitengo.
Nyama sizimasiya malo awo ngati zili ndi chakudya chokwanira. Ngati pali masewera ochepa, chilombocho chitha kuwukira ziweto, ng'ombe. Kusaka kumachitika makamaka usiku.
Kambuku salowerera kunyada ngati mkango. Amuna amakonda kukhala okha, ndipo akazi nthawi zambiri amasonkhana m'magulu. Amuna amatha kuloleza amayi okhala ndi ana kuti azikhala mdera lawo. Akambuku a Amur amatha kuyenda makilomita 41 pofunafuna chakudya. 10% ya anthu amapezeka ku China. Awa ndi anthu 40-50 okha.
Apa adakhazikika ku Manchuria. Pofuna kupereka moni, nyama zolusa zimagwiritsa ntchito phokoso lomwe limatulutsidwa ndi mpweya wotuluka m'kamwa ndi mphuno. Amakhudzanso mitu yawo, mphuno, amatha kupukuta mbali zawo. Nyama imeneyi imakonda kupewa anthu. Ngati nyalugwe adayandikira pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, ndiye kuti chakudya ndi choipa kwambiri. Nyamayo ikufa ndi njala.
Zakudya zabwino
Akambuku amakhala pamwamba pa piramidi yazakudya. Awa ndi olusa enieni omwe sayenera kuchita mantha chilichonse kupatula njala. Amakhala m'dongosolo lapadera la chakudya lomwe lakhala m'dera la taiga la Ussuri. Kukula kwa anyalugwe molunjika kutengera momwe chilengedwe chimayambira ku Far East.
Wodya uyu samadya kanthu koma nyama. Njala yamphamvu yokhayo imamupangitsa kudya zipatso za chomera chomwe chimakula mu taiga. Amakonda nyama zambiri. Pakatikati pa zakudya zake pali nguluwe zakutchire, ma artiodactyls.
Chiwerengero cha nkhumba zakutchire chimadalira kuchuluka kwa mtedza wa paini womwe wasokonekera. M'zaka zanjala, nyamazi zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, zomwe nyalugwe imavutika nayo. Sikuti mkungudza wa m'nkhalango umadziwika kuti ndi wopezera chakudya. Mwa njira, akambuku samapha nyama zambiri. Amangosaka pomwe ali ndi njala. Zowononga sizipha chifukwa chobowoleza kapena kusangalala.
Kusaka kumatenga nthawi yayitali komanso kumatenga mphamvu zambiri. Chiyeso chilichonse chakhumi chakumenyera chimachitika. Nyalugwe kwenikweni amakukwawira kwa wozunzidwayo. Amakweza nsana wake, ndikutsamira miyendo yake yakumbuyo pansi. Chilombocho nthawi yomweyo chimatafuna tiana tating'onoting'ono pakhosi pake, ndipo chimagwetsa nyama zazikulu, kenako ndikumakuma mafupa a khosi. Nyamayi imafuna makilogalamu 20 a nyama yatsopano patsiku.
Ngati chiwembucho sichinachitike, nyamayo imamusiya yekha. Kuukira mobwerezabwereza sikupezeka kawirikawiri. Amakonda kukokera nyama kumadzi. Zotsalira za chakudyazo zabisika. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala ochita mpikisano omwe amayenera kuthamangitsidwa.
Amadyetsa atagona. Amagwira nyama ndi mapapo. Kusaka kumachitika makamaka kwa osatulutsa. Akalibe, ngakhale nsomba, mbewa, mbalame, achule amapita kukadya. Nthawi ya njala, zipatso za mitundu yonse ya zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Gawo lalikulu la chakudyacho ndi nswala zofiira, nswala (zofiira kapena zowoneka bwino), nguluwe zakutchire, nswala zamphongo, lynx, elk, mitundu yaying'ono yazinyama. Kuchuluka kwa nyama tsiku lililonse ndi 9-10 kg. Chilombo chimodzi chimafuna ma artiodactyls 70 pachaka.
Ngati nyalugwe ali ndi chakudya chokwanira, amakhala wonenepa kwambiri, wamkulu. Mafuta ochepetsa thupi amafika pakulimba kwa masentimita 5-6. Chifukwa cha ichi, sangakwanitse kugona m'chipale chofewa, koma amatha kufa ndi njala kwa sabata limodzi osavulaza thanzi lake. M'nyengo yozizira yachisanu, kukakhala chakudya chochepa, akambuku amafa ndi njala. Palinso chiopsezo chofa chifukwa chotopa kwambiri.
Akambuku a Amur ndi osowa kwambiri kuti angawone pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu. Kwa zaka 70 zapitazi, ndi maulendo khumi ndi awiri okha oyesera kuwukira anthu omwe adalembedwa m'malo okhala nyama zolusa. Mu taiga, samenya ngakhale asaka, omwe amalimbikira kumulondola. Kuti nyalugwe wa Amur ayese kumenya munthu, amayenera kupota pakona kapena kuvulala.
Kubereka
Nyamayi ilibe nyengo yokhazikika yokwanira. Itha kukhala mwezi uliwonse. Mapeto a dzinja amasankhidwa. Amuna azimuna omwe ali ndi ma tigress opitilira umodzi, chifukwa chake samapanga banja. Kwa masiku 5-7, amakwatirana, kenako nkuzimiririka pa moyo wachikazi.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti akazi, panthawi ya estrus, amayenda mwadala zinthu zopanda malire zamphongo. Akuyang'ana kuti akwatirane naye. Uku ndiko kuyitanidwa kwamuyaya kwa chilengedwe, chomwe ndi chitsimikizo cha kubereka.
Ana amabadwa patatha miyezi 3.5. Nthawi yomweyo, tigress imapuma kumalo osadutsa komanso akutali kwambiri a taiga. Pafupipafupi, pali ana awiri mwa zinyalala. Kawirikawiri 1, 5. Ana obadwa kumene satha kuchita chilichonse. Iwo ndi akhungu komanso ogontha. Kulemera kwawo ndi kochepera 1 kg. Amadalira amayi awo, omwe amawasamalira kwa zaka 2-3 zoyambirira.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, makanda amafulumira mphamvu. Pakadutsa milungu iwiri ayamba kuwona ndikumva zonse. Mwana wamwamuna wamwezi wolemera kale kawiri kuposa mwana wakhanda. Amakhala othamanga kwambiri, ofuna kudziwa zambiri, ndipo nthawi zina amatuluka m'malo mwawo. Angayesere kukwera mitengo.
Kuyambira ali ndi miyezi iwiri, nyama yatsopano imapezeka pakudya kwa achinyamata. Mkaka wa amayi umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pakadutsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, anawo amakhala kukula kwa galu wamng'ono. Amasinthiratu kukhala nyama.
Njira yophunzirira kusaka imachitika pang'onopang'ono. Poyamba, tigress imangobweretsa nyama yatsopano. Kenako imayamba kutsogolera nyama yophedwa. Ali ndi zaka ziwiri, anawo amafikira makilogalamu 200 ndikuyamba kudzisaka okha.
Amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala amayi. Tigress amasankha kuthetsa zovuta zake payekha. Amuna satenga nawo mbali polera ana, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi. Anawo akafika zaka 2.5-3, banja la kambuku limatha. Aliyense amakhala mosadalira.
Zinyama zokongola izi zimakula moyo wawo wonse. Kukula kwakukulu kumafikira ukalamba. Alibe adani mwachilengedwe. Pokhapokha chimbalangondo chofiirira chikhoza kugonjetsa kambuku. Nthawi zambiri zimphona ziwirizi zimakumana pankhondo yamagazi. Zimathera nthawi zambiri ndikamwalira chimbalangondo, chomwe chilombocho chimadya.
Utali wamoyo
Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, imakhala zaka 15, mu ukapolo chiwerengerochi ndichokwera kwambiri - mpaka 25.
Adani
Nyalugwe wamphamvu ndi wamkulu wa Amur alibe mdani m'chilengedwe. Ndi ozembetsa nyama omwe amapezeka ponseponse okha omwe amatsogolera. Mpaka pano, bambo wokongola uyu amatha kuphedwa chifukwa cha khungu, mafupa komanso ziwalo zake zamkati, zomwe molakwika zimapatsidwa mankhwala.
M'zaka za zana la 21, zikadali zachizolowezi ku mankhwala aku Tibetan kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira, ufa, mitundu yonse ya mankhwala okhala ndi ziwalo ndi mafupa a kambuku wa Amur. Chiwawa ichi chikukula makamaka ku China.
Kuteteza mitundu
Tsogolo la mitunduyo ndilodabwitsa kwambiri. Ngati m'zaka za m'ma 19, panali akambuku ambiri mu taiga, tsopano chiwerengero chawo ndi anthu 500-600. Mutha kukumana nawo kokha kumakona akutali kwambiri a taiga.
Chifukwa cha kuwomberedwa kosalekeza kwa nyama zolusa ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, mitunduyi idawopsezedwa kuti idzatheratu. Kuwombera nyama zakutchire, makamaka ma artiodactyls, omwe chilombocho chimagwiritsa ntchito chakudya, kudalinso ndi vuto.
Kambuku wa Ussuri mu Red Book kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka makumi awiri. Ikuphatikizidwanso mu International Red Book. Ziweto zidachepa kwambiri mpaka 1940. Ndiye, pa Dziko Lonse panali oimira mpaka 40 a mitunduyo. Mu 1935, malo osungirako zachilengedwe adakonzedwa ku Primorsky Territory.
Kuwerengetsa ndendende ndi akambuku angati a Ussuri omwe atsala... Tsopano, malinga ndi kuyerekezera, akambuku a Ussuri 450 okha ndi omwe amakhala padziko lapansi. Ngati ku China chilango chonyongedwa chimaperekedwa chifukwa cha kupha munthu wokongola uyu, ku Russia zonse zili ndi chindapusa cha banal.
Amakhulupirira kuti mitundu ya Amur idasowa mpaka 1940 pazifukwa izi:
- Kutsika kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha ma artiodactyls. Iwo anali kusaka mwakhama.
- Kutenga ana pafupipafupi.
- Kupha akambuku okha.
- Kutsika kwakukulu kwamiyala ya taiga pafupi ndi mitsinje.
- Nyengo yachisanu.
Pambuyo pa nkhondo m'pamene anthu anayamba pang'onopang'ono. Koma ndizosachedwa kuchira. Mu 2010, njira yothandizira Amur Tiger ku Russia idakhazikitsidwa. Zinapangitsa kuti ziziwonjezera pang'ono malo okhala nyama yolusa.
Malo osungira nyama "Land of Leopard" ndi "Bikin" adakonzedwa ku Primorsky Territory. Palinso malo osungira zachilengedwe. Gawo lachinayi la kambuku tsopano latetezedwa. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kalembera wa 2015, zidapezeka kuti mpaka anthu 540 amakhala ku Far East.
Tsopano akambuku amakhalabe m'nyanjayi, m'dera lomwe mulibe zotheka ndi zochita za anthu zowononga. Zokongola izi zidachoka m'dera lawo lakale. Akatswiri a zinyama akufuna kuti akonze izi ndikubwezeretsanso zilombazi kumalo ake achikhalidwe.
