Pali nyama zambiri zosangalatsa m'chilengedwe. Zina mwa izo: anyani, akadyamsonga, mvuu, iguana, kuyang'anira abuluzi, mitundu yokhayokha ya tizilombo. M'modzi mwa omwe akuyimira banja la nyani ndi nyani wanyani.
Amatchedwanso nyama zanzeru chifukwa chofuna kukhala pagulu. Ndi luso lawo, anyaniwa amaposa ngakhale anyani okondedwa ndi otchuka. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya anyani ku Africa, anyani amasangalala kwambiri kucheza ndi anthu.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mtundu wa anyani umachokera ku anyani. Iyi ndi mitundu ina ya anyani yomwe ikupezeka ku Africa. Makhalidwe awo apadera ndi mphuno yayitali komanso mawonekedwe apadera a chigaza. Asayansi amawatcha anyani amitu agalu. Baboon akujambulidwa ali ndi malaya achikasu okhala ndi zinthu zofiirira.
Mwa mtundu uwu, amatchedwanso kuti bulu wachikaso. Uwu ndi utoto wofala kwambiri wa anyani. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama ndi masentimita 75. Mchira payokha ndi masentimita 60. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 7-10 kg. Mtundu wa nyaniwu ndiwosachedwa kupsa, wopepuka komanso wopusa, ngakhale amawoneka ovuta.
Nkhuni Ndi nyama yochezeka kwambiri. Samakhala moyo wosungulumwa. Nthawi zonse mumakhala anthu pafupifupi 50-80 pagulu. Gulu limatsogozedwa ndi amuna ndi akazi angapo olimba. Chifukwa chake amuna nthawi zina amasankha kusiya ziweto zawo ndikupeza ina.
Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyamba kudalirika pagulu lanu, kuteteza okalamba ndi ana aang'ono. Pambuyo kutchuka mu mamembala ake, iye ali ndi ufulu kupeza banja latsopano. Kwenikweni, gululi limakhala ndi amuna asanu ndi atatu ndi akazi khumi ndi awiri, ndipo enawo ndi ana awo azaka zosiyanasiyana.
Wamphongo watsopano, yemwe wabwera pagulu lachilendo, ayenera kumvetsetsa kachitidwe konse kaubale ndi maubale omwe apanga kumeneko. Kuti achite izi, amayamba kulumikizana ndi m'modzi mwa akazi, omwe panthawiyi samabala mwana. Amangomuthamangira, kumuteteza, kugona pafupi naye, kumukumbatira.
Ngati mkazi wayamba kumuyang'ana, amapanga nkhope ndikuyamba kusuntha modabwitsa. Izi ndizofanana ndi zovina. Mzimayi akaganiza zokwatirana ndi wamwamuna watsopano, amamulola kuti atsuke chovala chake.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti tsopano ndi banja. Mwanjira ina, amakhala kwa iye "kiyi" kapena "kupititsa" kwa gulu latsopano, popeza tsopano wamphongo amayamba kudziwana ndi abale ndi abwenzi, pang'onopang'ono kukhala gawo la banja latsopano.
Anyani amayenda ndi miyendo inayi ndikusunga mchira wawo pamtunda wa madigiri 45-90 mpaka thupi. Akamayenda pagulu, mchira wawo umakwezeka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake amachenjeza magulu ena anyani za njira yawo.
Anthu amalumikizidwa mosavuta, komanso kuba komanso kupempha mwayi uliwonse. Ng'ombe zikawona kuti kulumikizana ndi munthu kumakhala koopsa, zimangoganiza zongothawa m'malo momenya nkhondo. Nyani imakhalanso yosavuta kuweta.
Atakhala chiweto, sadzaganizanso zothamanganso, adzakhala mnzake wapamtima komanso chiweto chabwino kwambiri. Aigupto akale amawaona ngati mwayi wapamwamba kukhala ndi anyani ngati amenewa m'nyumba zawo. Ndipo Hamadryl nyaniyo amamuwona ngati mulungu ndipo amamulambira Aigupto pomutcha Babi.
Izi ndi nyama zamphamvu kwambiri ndipo sizilombo zonse zomwe zingathe kuthana nazo. Anyani amatha kulimbana ndi mkango, kambuku, nyalugwe, nkhandwe ndi afisi. Njira yawo ndikuti afole, kuphimba ana, ndikuwonetsa zowawa zawo, kuti ayambitse mkangano.
Mitundu ya Njovu
Asayansi amasiyanitsa mitundu isanu yayikulu ya anyani awa:
- Kaboba wa Azitona waku Guinea... Mitunduyi imakhala ku New Guinea kokha. Ili ndi utoto wachilendo kwa abale ake, womwe ndi wosakhwima kapena wakuda wa azitona. Amasiyana kulemera kwake ndi anyani pafupifupi makilogalamu 2-3.
- Hamadrila... Amasiyana maonekedwe okha ndi mphuno yofiira.
- Chilambo "chacma"... Amasiyana pakukula. Kukula kwa thupi ndikotsika kwa 15 cm, ndiye kuti ndi 60 cm yokha, ndipo mchira ndi masentimita 50. Kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 3-4 pang'ono.
- Bulu wachikaso... Iyi ndi nyama yodziwika bwino ya anyani yodziwika kwa onse, ndiyofala kwambiri. Mtundu wa malayawo ndi wachikasu ndi zinthu zofiirira. Kulemera makilogalamu 7-10, kutalika kwa thupi kwa 75 cm, mchira 60 cm.
- Nyani wofiira... Amasiyana ndi mtundu wofiira kwambiri wa gawo lake la thupi "pansi pa mchira".
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Nyani wachikasu wamba amakhala ku Central ndi East Africa. Amakonda nyengo yotentha, madambo ndi mapiri. Amatha kupezeka nthawi zambiri kunkhalango. Amakonda kubisala m'mitengo usiku, kudzipangitsa kukhala ndi usiku wabwinobwino, wodekha.
M'mapiri, anyani amakonda kukhala ocheperako, ngakhale mitundu ina imapezeka kumeneko. Akapeza kadzenje kabwino kothirira, amatha kuthana ndi vuto lililonse. Amakondanso midzi ndi nyumba zopangidwa ndi anthu, malo olimapo, minda, minda yamasamba. Nthawi zambiri amawononga ndikuba chakudya chambiri.
Anyani, monga tanena kale, amakhala m’magulu. Amakhala ochezeka, chifukwa kukhala okha ndi chilango kwa iwo. Mwa njira, ndikuthamangitsidwa m'gulu lomwe ndichachisoni ndikuzunza kwakufa kwa nyama zotere. Banja ndichinthu chilichonse kwa iwo. Pamodzi amadyetsa, amasaka, amateteza okha, amalera ana awo, amasuntha. Ngakhale imodzi ya anyani itafuna kuchoka, gulu lonse limamutsatira.
Nthawi zambiri pagulu la anyani, zomwe zimatchedwa kupha ana zimawonedwa. Mwanjira ina, apa ndipamene magulu awiriawiri a nyama amatha pa zifukwa zina. Uku ndi kugonana kwakanthawi komwe kumakhala kopindulitsa kwa amuna okhaokha. Amamudziwa mkaziyo, pomulipira amaloledwa kulowa nawo, kenako, atakhala ndiulamuliro, amatha kusiyanirana wina ndi mnzake.
Koma palinso mabanja omwe akhala limodzi kwa zaka zambiri. Ena amatha kukhala limodzi nthawi zonse, koma osakhudzana. Ena amatha kukumbatirana nthawi zonse, kugona limodzi, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi zibwenzi zingapo, ndiko kuti, mitala.
Baboons moyo kudera lokwanira. Dera lokhalamo gulu limodzi limayambira 13 mpaka 20 ma kilomita. Koma awa sali malire omveka bwino. Zitha kusinthidwa, kusiyanasiyana ndikuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu ina.
Mwachitsanzo, chinthu chodziwika bwino ndikuphatikiza magulu angapo kukhala amodzi. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi dzenje limodzi lamadzi. Anyani amagawana malo ndi anansi awo, akuphatikiza gawo lawo mpaka m'modzi akaganiza zochoka.
Kuyenda kwa ziweto kumachitika ngati njuchi. Kumbuyo kuli oimira amphamvu kwambiri amtunduwu, osati iwo omwe amawalamulira, pakati pali akazi omwe ali ndi ana ang'onoang'ono, owazungulira ndi anthu azaka zapakati kapena kupitirira. Amuna amayenda mbali, ndi kutsogolo - awiriwa, osonyeza njira ndi chenjezo la ngozi.
Mdani akawonekera, gulu limakonzedwanso kukhala gulu lachitetezo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amuna amphamvu kwambiri amapita patsogolo, ena onse amabwerera mmbuyo, akazi m'mbali, ndi ana omwe ali pakati, otetezedwa ndi akulu. Adani akaukira, amuna amakhala pamzere umodzi mosalekeza, ndipo akazi ndi ana amabalalika mbali zosiyanasiyana, kusokoneza mdani. Samamvetsetsa kuti azithamangira ndani.
Ngati, pakuthawa, paketi imodzi wavulala, amasiyidwa. Palibe chomwe angachite kuti athandize paketiyo, ndipo mkaziyo amatha kumuthandiza. Nokha, anyani samapulumuka, kotero ngati anavulazidwa, ndiye kuti izi zimangotanthauza kufa kwakanthawi. Asayansi amati anyani amapulumutsidwa kokha ndi gulu lawo komanso mgwirizano.
Komanso, pofuna kudziteteza komanso kuteteza nkhosa zawo, anyani amalumikizana bwino ndi antelopes ndi artiodactyls ena, popeza ali ndi chibadwa chosakhwima, kotero amatha kununkhiza nyama yolusa yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita ochepa. Akathawa, paketiyo imayamba kukonzekera kuthawa kapena kudziteteza.
Kapenanso ngati anyaniwo akulira mofuula, agwapewo amazindikira ngozi ndipo ayamba kuthawa. Ichi sichitsanzo choyamba cha kulumikizana kwa anyani achikaso ndi nyama zina zomwe zimakhala zosangalatsa: kumva kununkhiza, kuwona ndi kumva bwino.
Madzulo, gulu likakhala lotetezeka, aliyense wadya, wapita pamalo othirira ndipo amatha kupumula, ntchito yayikulu ya anyani imayamba - kuyeretsa ubweya kuchokera ku tiziromboti. Apa mutha kuwona kale ulamuliro wa anthu ena pagulu.
Ngati wamwamuna wamkulu, wamkulu wa gululi, aganiza zopuma, azimayi angapo nthawi yomweyo amapita kwa iye ndikuyamba kuyeretsa ubweya wake ku tiziromboti. Otsatirawo ndi "akazi" akulu ndi ana awo. Zina zonse zimatsukidwa komaliza, kuthandizana.
Njira zoterezi zimangowonjezera kupumula kwa nyama, komanso ndizothandiza kwambiri ngati njira yothanirana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo tosafunikira mthupi. Kuphatikiza ubweya ndi zala, kutsitsa tsitsi, kuyeretsa dothi ndi njira zina zofananira zimapatsa nyani chisangalalo chachikulu. Nthawi zina mumatha kuwona momwe amatseka maso awo, ndipo ena amagona tulo.
Pofuna kugona usiku, gulu limakwera pamwamba pamitengo italiitali kuti lizidzipatula kwa njoka, mbalame ndi nyama zina zolusa zomwe zimasaka nyama zakutchire. Amagona pokumbatirana wina ndi mnzake, akuwotha moto ndi kutentha kwa anzawo. M'bandakucha utangofika, anyaniwo amatsika mumitengomo ndikupitiriza ulendo wawo.
Nyani nthawi zonse amakhala ochezeka komanso okhulupirika. Ngati m'modzi wa iwo awopsezedwa ndi phukusi, aliyense nthawi yomweyo amathamangira kuti amvetse ndikupulumutsa nyama. Nthawi zambiri ndewu zotere zimachitika pakati pa akazi. Amamenyera chakudya komanso ulamuliro pakatundu. Ana ndiwo mtengo waukulu wabanja. Nthawi zonse amakhala limodzi ndi achikulire, pang'onopang'ono akuwongolera maluso awo opulumuka.
Kusuntha kotsiriza, kugwiritsitsa ubweya wamayi. Amayi omwe ali ndi ana amakhala achangu kwambiri, amatha kuthawa msanga kapena kudumpha pamitengo pangozi. Ziwombankhanga zikaukira, zimatetezedwa poyamba ndikupita patsogolo, ndikupatsa mwayi wopulumuka. Ngati mikangano yayamba pagulu, palibe amene ali ndi ufulu wolimbana ndi amene wanyamula mwanayo.
Zakudya zabwino
Anyani amawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa nyama zosankhika kwambiri. Amadya pafupifupi chilichonse. Amatha kudyetsedwa mosavuta ndi chakudya chilichonse, mkate, nyama, udzu, zilizonse. Chokhacho komanso chofunikira kwambiri ndi madzi. Popanda izi, nyama sizingakhale tsiku limodzi. Kutentha, pakalibe kabowo kothirira, amapulumutsidwa ndi madontho a mame am'mawa, omwe amakhala pazomera, ndipo nthawi zina ndi ubweya wawo wokha.
Kuchokera pa chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha gulu lanyama zamtchire, mbewu, zipatso, mbewu, mizu, masamba owuma ndi obiriwira, mababu azomera zophuka amatha kukhala okha. Amadyetsanso nsomba zazing'ono, zitsamba, mbewa, nkhono, ndi kachilomboka.
Tizilombo tina, abuluzi, njoka zazing'ono. Chakudya chawo chomwe amakonda ndi anapiye kapena mazira a mbalame. Nthawi zina amasaka ana agwape, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuti akumana nawo kapena kudera lomwelo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Monga tanenera poyamba, maanja anyani amatha kukhala ndi maubale osiyana. Anthu ena amakhala ndi zibwenzi zina, ndipo ena amakhala limodzi nthawi zonse, koma osagonana. Pachifukwa ichi, banja lachiwiri limatha - mkaziyo amayamba kugonana ndi amuna ena, akumakweza udindo wake, ndikupeza utsogoleri pagulu, amasiya womusankhayo.
Kukonzekera kwakuthupi kwa mkazi kumawonekera nthawi yomweyo - uwu ndi mtundu wake wofiyira wowoneka bwino wa ansembe komanso mawonekedwe akutupa m'malo apamtima (izi sizikugwira ntchito ku mitundu iyi: red baboon ndi hamadryas) Mwa akazi omwe sanabadwe, zotupazi zimawonekera kwambiri, zimatha kufikira 15-20% ya kulemera konsekonse kwa thupi.
Ndikosavuta kuti amuna asankhe wamkazi. Mutu wa paketi ali ndi ufulu wokwatirana ndi aliyense, atsogoleri nawonso ali ndi ufulu wokwatirana ndi 80% ya akazi onse. Mabanja ena, pafupifupi 10-15% ya gululi, amakhala limodzi kwazaka.
Komanso, vuto lomwe limakhalapo nthawi zambiri ndikutuluka kwa anyamata achichepere kuti akapeze banja latsopano, kukhala mtsogoleri pamenepo ndikuyamba ubale ndi wamkazi wodalirika.
Mwana wamphesa, yemwe wangobadwa kumene, ali ndi malaya akuda. Pambuyo pa masabata angapo, pang'onopang'ono amayamba kuchepa, ndikukhala mtundu wofanana ndi makolo ake. Ana nthawi zonse amayang'aniridwa ndi kusamalidwa ndi akulu, komanso abale ndi alongo.
Ana obadwa kumene nthawi zambiri samapulumuka. Mwana atamwalira, akazi amayenda nawo masiku angapo, chifukwa safuna kusiya, osakhulupirira kufa kwawo.
Nyama izi zimatha kukhala m'malo osungira nyama. Nthawi yawo yokhala kuthengo ndi zaka 35-40. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, chakudya choyenera komanso chisamaliro, anyani amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 50. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo osungira nyama chifukwa ndi ochezeka komanso amakonda kucheza ndi anthu.
