Ochepa aife tili ana sitimakonda zolemba za Mine Reed kapena Fenimore Cooper. Mu miyambo ya Amwenye aku North America, ali ndi udindo wofunikira.
Nthawi zambiri amatamandidwa ndi mikhalidwe yaumunthu: luntha, nzeru, machenjera, machenjera. Palibe katundu wolimba mtima, mtundu wa Loki wanyama. Anthu oterewa amatchedwa "opusitsa" - achinyengo komanso onyenga. Ndipo pali chifukwa chabwino.
Khwangwala amatenga pakati pakati pa nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe. Chachiwiri, monga mukudziwa, ndichachinyengo komanso chanzeru. Amwenyewa amalemekeza chilombochi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo sanamukhulupirire. Mitundu ina imamuwona ngati choyimira choyipa. Ndipo kwa ena, anali nyama yopatulika. Kwa a Navajo, mwachitsanzo, ndiye mulungu wa pambuyo pa moyo ndi chikondi, amene anayambitsa nkhondo ndi kuvina. Malo apakati pakati pa zabwino ndi zoyipa.
Mbira yamphongo, kapena nkhandwe, ndi ya banja la canine (galu). Achibale ake apafupi ndi nkhandwe wamba, galu wamtundu, nkhandwe, nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe. Dzinalo lochokera ku Latin ndi ma Canis latrans - "galu wowuwa". Chifukwa chake amatchedwa ndi Aaztec - "mphalapala - galu waumulungu". Mwa Aztec, iye ndi nyama ya totem, nkhandwe, ngwazi komanso mpulumutsi.
Zimatsogolera kutali ndi zoopsa, komabe, pokhala ndi mawonekedwe otsutsana a mwezi, zimatumiza kusefukira. Mzimu wausiku ndi wochenjera. Mulungu Quetzalcoatl, m'modzi mwa milungu yayikulu ya Aaziteki, Mlengi wadziko lapansi, adagonjetsa mbuye wa dziko lapansi, Miktlantecutli, ndipo pakadali pano adatchulidwa ndi coyote wapawiri.
Nyamayi imakhala ndi mantha kwambiri. Anakwanitsa kuzolowera kukulitsa chitukuko kukhala zomera ndi zinyama zoyambirira. Kuphatikiza apo, sanangopulumuka kokha, komanso adakwanitsa kufalikira ku North America, ngakhale amayesa kuwononga kwathunthu munthu. Mwanjira ina, munthu adathandizira kuti nyama yamphongo tsopano akukhala ku continent.
Tsopano kuli pafupifupi mamiliyoni miliyoni ku North America. Amatha kuyandikira malo okhala anthu, amawopsyeza kubuula usiku. Amati amvekanso ngakhale ochita sewero omwe amakhala ku Hollywood, alendo ku New Hampshire. Ndipo asanakhaleko. Kupulumuka modabwitsa, kutha kusintha, kutsimikizira kuti chirombo ichi ndi chovuta kwambiri komanso chanzeru.
Chithunzi cha coyote chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiro cha Olimpiki pamasewera a Olimpiki Achisanu a 2002 ku Salt Lake City. Ndi amene adaba moto kwa milungu, ndikukwera phirilo. Monga nkhandwe iliyonse, amakonda ufulu komanso olimba mtima. Mbawala, kuti ituluke mumsampha, imatha kudziluma m'manja mwake.
Zina zosangalatsa. Mu 2000, kanema wachipembedzo Coyote Ugly Bar adatulutsidwa, yemwe nthawi yomweyo adakhala bokosi. Nyimbo ndi nyimbo zake ndizotchuka. Panalinso chiwonetsero cha kanemayu - saloon weniweni "Coyote Wonyansa”, Idatsegulidwa ku New York mu 1993. Tsopano pali malo ambiri akumwa padziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ndi dzina ili. Kuphatikiza ku Moscow, St. Petersburg ndi mizinda ina.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Coyote amakhala ndi thupi lolimba 70 mpaka 100 cm kutalika. Ndipo izi zilibe mchira, womwe umafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 40. Pakufota, kutalika kwa nyama kumafikira masentimita 50-60. Zonse zimakutidwa ndi ubweya wautali wakuda wa utoto wachikaso, m'malo osandulika wakuda. Chovalacho ndi chachitali makamaka pakati pa masamba amapewa, malowa amatchedwa "mane" kapena "chipeso".
Nyama imeneyi ndi yocheperako katatu kuposa nkhandwe, yolemera makilogalamu 9 mpaka 18. Miyendo yake ndi yopyapyala, zikhomo zake ndizokongola kwambiri, mphuno yake ndi yakuthwa, pafupi ndi nkhandwe. Maso ndi achikaso agolide, mchira wake ndi wautali komanso wonyezimira. Makutu ali chilili. Chigaza chimafanana ndi cha nkhandwe, chochepa pokha kukula kwake.
Mphalapala wamtchire mwina wokongola kwambiri pakati pa dongosolo lonse la nyama, komanso banja la canine makamaka. Ili ndi mayina ambiri - nkhandwe, nkhandwe, nkhandwe yaying'ono, komanso nkhandwe.
Tsopano sichiwopsezedwa kutha, chilombocho chili ndi kudzichepetsa kwapadera komanso ntchito. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu. Mofananamo amalekerera kutentha ndi kuzizira, ndiwamphamvuzonse, amatha kukhala m'nkhalango ndi m'zigwa, ngakhale kumapiri. Ndiwanzeru ngati nkhandwe, koma amasintha mwachangu mikhalidwe iliyonse. Palibe kusaka - kudya zovunda, palibe chakudya cha nyama - kudya masamba. Tidazindikira kuti mphalapala amadya zipatso ndi mizu.
Ali ndi malingaliro komanso nzeru. Ndiwothamanga kwambiri, mpaka liwiro la 55-70 km. Wolumpha kwambiri, amadziwa kusambira, samaopa madzi ozizira, amatha kumenyera beaver. Ndipo izi si za aliyense. Iyenso, ali ndi nsagwada ngati zodulira waya. Coyote ndiwosamala, osati wamantha. Amatha kusaka yekha, awiriawiri, ngakhale pagulu laling'ono.
Amathamanga mokongola kwambiri, ngati kuti akuyandama pansi. Nthawi amatembenuza khosi mosiyanasiyana, mbali ndi kumbuyo, kumvetsera ndikuyang'ana mwatcheru. Itha kuchepa pang'onopang'ono pamaso pa fungo losadziwika, ngati kuti akuchita mantha. Kutopa mosatopa, kumatha kuthamanga makilomita ambiri. Coyote akujambulidwa - nyama yokongola, yonyada komanso yodzidalira, yomwe imadziwa kufunika kwake.
Mitundu
Tsopano titha kunena za 19 subspecies za dambo nkhandwe. Anali 20, koma m'modzi adamwalira - coyote waku Europe... Mitundu yake yakale isanakhale m'dera lamakono la Eurasia. Chifukwa chake timadziwa mitundu yayikulu ya nyama yomwe ikufunsidwa: Mexico, San Pedro Martyra (California), Salvadorian, (Kansas, Texas, Oklahoma), Belizean, Honduran, Durango (Mexico), kumpoto (Alaskan), plain, phiri (Canada), Mearnsa (Colorado ndi Utah), Rio Grande, California wautali, peninsular, Texas lowland, kumpoto chakum'mawa (Ontario, Indiana), kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa gombe (Oregon ndi Washington), Colimian (Mexico).
Wotchuka kwambiri ndi mexican coyote, chifukwa cha zonena wamba za iye. Ngati nthawi zina timamva zokambirana: "Hei, mzanga!" - "Mmbulu wa Tambov ndi mnzake!", Kenako aku America azolowera kumva zinthu ngati izi: "Hei, amigo!" - "Coyote waku Mexico wa amigo!"
Zizolowezi, moyo, thanzi, mfundo zosinthira chikhalidwe ndi kubereka ndizofanana m'ma subspecies onsewa. Ngakhale m'maonekedwe, akatswiri okha ndi omwe nthawi zina amatha kupeza zosiyana. Amagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana.
Mitundu yofanana ya mphalapala ndi nkhandwe, maned, ofiira, ofiira, dingo, nkhandwe ndi galu. Coyote ndi nyama zamtundu wina zam'madzi zomwe zimakonda kubalidwa. Idawoneka ngati momwe ziliri zaka 2.5 miliyoni zapitazo.
Woyambitsa ndiye Johnson's coyote, yemwe adazimiririka pafupifupi zaka 1.8 miliyoni zapitazo. Dzinalo lachi Latin la chidutswa ichi, Canis lepophagus, amatanthauzidwa kuti "Galu Wodya Kalulu". Zinachokera kwa iye kuti mitundu yamitundu yamasiku ano idawoneka, yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa kholo lawo, ndipo chigaza chachikale ndichachikulu kwambiri. Malinga ndi akatswiri ofufuza zakale, kulemera kwapakati kwa coyote wakale wa Johnson anali 30-40 kg.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Nyama iyi imakhazikika m'mapanga, m'maenje akuya, mdzenje la mtengo wakugwa. Pakadali pano, adakhazikika kuchokera ku Alaska kupita ku Guatemala ndi Panama kudera lonse la North America. Zaka zana zapitazo, amakhala m'mapiri okhaokha - chifukwa chake amatchedwa "dambo". Komabe, tsopano amapezeka kulikonse, pamalo aliwonse. Ngakhale kumapiri, pamlingo wa 2000-3000 mita.
Coyote ndi nyama yosinthika; imatha kusintha zizolowezi, malo okhala, moyo, ngati imalamulidwa ndi zakunja. Kungopulumuka. Chifukwa chake amatha kupezeka ngakhale pafupi ndi mizinda ikuluikulu monga Los Angeles. Anatsata mapazi a apainiya aku America, chifukwa chake amathanso kutchedwa opeza madera atsopano.
Ma Coyotes ndi nyama zogwirizana, nthawi zambiri amakhala amodzi. Ali ndi peyala imodzi moyo wawo wonse. Kukhulupirika kumasungidwa mpaka imfa. Pamodzi pamoyo wanu wonse. Amalera ana limodzi, amawadyetsa, amalera komanso kusewera nawo. Basi okwatirana abwino.
Pagulu, amphaka amakhala paketi ngati mimbulu. Amasaka m'magulu kapena palokha. Ndikosavuta kwamwamuna m'modzi kuthana ndi masewera ang'onoang'ono. Ndipo ndi gululo, amayendetsa nyama zazikuluzikulu. Pagulu, amasaka m'miyezi yovuta yozizira, pomwe zimakhala zovuta kupeza chakudya.
A Coyotes amalira kuti adziwitse okha. Phokoso ili limatanthauzanso kugwidwa. Kufuula kwake kumawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri m'chigwacho, ndiye kuti ndiye wamveka kwambiri kuposa anthu onse okhala mmenemo. Mwa kubangula, amachenjeza za chiwopsezocho, ndikufuula akamapatsana moni.
Adani a nyama izi, choyambirira, amatha kutchedwa anthu. Alimi ndi oweta nkhosa ali pankhondo ndi zilombo zolusa akamateteza ziweto zawo. Ndipo nkhandwe zimayesetsa kunyenga ndi kuba nkhosa kapena kalulu yemwe sangadziteteze.
Mwachilengedwe, mimbulu ndi ma puma amatha kutchedwa adani awo owopsa. Ngakhale ziwombankhanga ndi ziombankhanga zimatha kuukira mphiri waung'ono. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti achibale apamtima a chilombo ichi - mimbulu, makamaka nkhandwe zofiira, atha kupikisana nawo pachakudya, ndipo amatha kupulumuka mdera lawo.
Njala yowawa nthawi zina imatha kupangitsa nyamayi kuyiwala za ngoziyo ndikuchepetsa nzeru zake zachilengedwe. Ndipo iye, kuyiwala zonse, akhoza kugwera mumsampha. Chifukwa chake, agwidwa. Njala zazikulu ndizoopsa kwambiri makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Ndipo makamaka nthawi yotchedwa "maukwati".
Kukumana ndi "ukwati" woterewu ndikufa. Kusaka iwo pansi ndi kowopsa kuposa kukwera pamahatchi mothandizidwa ndi agalu. Koma izi zimangogwira ntchito kumapiri ataliatali, komwe kumakhala kovuta kuti mphiri ibisala. M'midzi, njira zina zosakira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - nkhumba kapena zovunda.
Komabe, ngakhale mukulimbana kotereku "man - coyote", munthu sayenera kuiwala kuti chilombo ichi chimabweretsa zabwino zambiri kuposa kuvulaza. Sizachabe kuti iye, monga nkhandwe, amatchedwa "chilengedwe mwadongosolo." Ma Coyotes ndi nyama zokonda ufulu, ndizovuta kwa iwo, zimakhala zopweteka kwambiri kukhala mu ukapolo. Komabe, malinga ndi zomwe akatswiri ena amafufuza, amatha kuzolowera anthu.
Ndipo cholumikizirachi chimakhala cholimba komanso chosatha. Ndi zolengedwa zokhulupirika modabwitsa m'zonse. Amati mphalapala, wokhala mu ukapolo, amakhala ngati galu. Adagwedeza mchira wake pomwe mwini wake adatulukira, adayandikira kuti asamalire. Koma sanali kunyambita manja ake, koma kununkhiza.
Pamene anali yekha adatopa kwambiri ndipo adafuula mwachisoni. Ngati samatha kudya chakudya nthawi yomweyo, amakaika pakona pa khola, mosamala mosamala kuchokera kwa omwe amakhala naye. Amakonda nyimbo, amalira ngati amva nyimbo. Anali ndi kukumbukira bwino, sanaiwale chikondi kapena mkwiyo, adazindikira mwini wake kutali.
Zakudya zabwino
Nyama yamphongo ndi omnivore. Amadyetsa makoswe, akalulu, hares, abuluzi, mbalame, nthawi zina zipatso, ndipo samanyoza zakufa. Komabe, amadya zakudya zamasamba - zipatso, mizu, mtedza, mbewu za mpendadzuwa. Amakonda kudya maapulo ndi strawberries, mavwende ndi tomato, wamaluwa wokhumudwitsa ndi izi.
Amathanso kusaka nsomba, chifukwa ndiwosambira wabwino kwambiri. Ndikoyenera kutchula nyama zodziwika bwino kwambiri zomwe zimalawa nkhandwe kuti mudziwe zomwe amakonda. Izi ndi nyani, hares, akalulu, ferrets, possums, agologolo agulu, mbalame, ndi m'madzi - nsomba, achule ndi nyerere. Ikhozanso kulimbana ndi beaver, ngakhale ili ndi mphamvu komanso yoopsa. Koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Amagwira abuluzi, amawononga zisa za mbalame.
Amasaka nthawi iliyonse masana, ngakhale masana. Komabe, amadziwika kuti "Shadowhunter". Mochenjera komanso molimba mtima, ali ndi ochepa ofanana. Ma coyotes angapo amatha kupanga dongosolo lonse losaka. Mwachitsanzo, adawoneka pagulu la anthu asanu ndi mmodzi, akuyenda unyolo kudutsa bwaloli, pamtunda wofanana, ngati pagulu.
Umu ndi momwe amayendetsa hares. Kapenanso wina amawopsa, winayo amakhala atabisalira. Nthawi zina amatha kutulutsa khunyu, kuchita zonse kuti akope wovutikayo. Thumba lopusa limayang'anitsitsa pamene nyamayo imagwa ndikugubuduzika pansi, pomwe mnzake wa mlenjeyo akugwira nyama yomwe ikuphwanyikayo.
Nkhani yosangalatsa kwambiri idawonedwa m'chilengedwe ndi akatswiri ena azachilengedwe. Coyote ndi mbira kusaka pamodzi. Woyamba amatsitsa wovulalayo, amakhala ndi fungo labwino. Awa ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, masewera omwe amabisala pansi. Ndipo mbira imachotsa pansi. Masewerawa agawika pakati. Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri chothandizana ndi nyama!
Ngati mungaganizire kuchuluka kwa ziweto monga gawo, mumapeza kotala, pafupifupi 18% makoswe, 13.5% ziweto, mbalame - 3%, tizilombo -1%, agwape ang'ono - 3.5%, nyama zina - 1%, Dyetsani chakudya -2%
Mwa njira, chimake cha zamasamba chimagwera makamaka kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira. Zikuwoneka kuti akusunga zinthu zofunikira. Zomwe zimatsimikiziranso kulingalira ndi kuwonetseratu kwa nyama zodabwitsa izi.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Ma Coyotes amapanga banja limodzi moyo wonse. Ndipo ili kwenikweni ndi banja, osati banja lokhalokha. Ngati tingathe kukambirana za chikondi pakati pa nyama, ndi momwemo. Ndi makolo osamala komanso achikondi, akumakhudza ana awo.
Nyengo yakukhwimitsa imagwera mu Januware-February ndipo imatha milungu ingapo. Komabe, mkaziyo ndi wokonzeka kulandira mnzake kwa masiku 10 okha ndipo ndizomwezo. Atakwatirana, banjali limakonza nyumba zawo: amakumba dzenje lawo, amakhala kuphanga la akatumbu, kapena kumanga dzenje. Mwachitsanzo, mumng'alu wa mwala kapena mdzenje la mtengo wakugwa.
Ana agalu akuluakulu amabadwa miyezi iwiri. Amayi ndi abambo amawasamalira pafupifupi milungu isanu ndi iwiri. Poyamba, amadya mkaka wa mayi wamkazi. Pakadali pano, amadyetsedwa ndi bambo m'modzi. Kenako makolo onse amayamba kuwabweretsa.
Poyamba, makolo amabwezera chakudya chomwe adabweretsa ku galu, kenako amaperekera chonsecho, ndikuwaphunzitsa kusaka ndi kudzitafuna okha. Pali ana agalu 6-8 m'nyansi. Nthawi zina, kawirikawiri, pamakhala ana agalu 12. Ana amabadwa akhungu kuyambira atabadwa, amayamba kuwona bwino atakwanitsa masiku khumi.
Atakwanitsa miyezi 9, amachoka kuphanga kwawo. Ndipo chaka chamawa amatha kupanga okha. Ngati gawo la makolo lili losaka, ana agalu amakhala pafupi. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri amayang'ana malo awo, othamanga mpaka 150 km kukafunafuna.
Mwachilengedwe, samakhala motalika - pafupifupi zaka 4, kawirikawiri mpaka zaka 10. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha nyama zazing'ono chimamwalira nthawi yoyamba. Chifukwa chakufa kwambiri koteroko kumatha kukhala chiwewe, komanso matenda akulu. Mu ukapolo, akuluakulu amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 18-20.
Pali nthawi zina pomwe mphalapala imagonana ndi galu kapena nkhandwe, kumakhala ana agalu abwinobwino. Mitundu yotereyi idapatsidwa dzina loti koipes (koidog) ndi koywolf. Palinso coyotoshakal - wosakanizidwa wa nkhandwe ndi mphalapala, wopezeka mu ukapolo. Koma m'badwo wachinayi, hybrids izi zimakonda kukhala ndi matenda amtundu ndikumwalira.
Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake, kupulumuka kwake, kudzichepetsa kwake komanso luntha lake, mphalapala ndi ulemu chifukwa chokhala imodzi mwazinyama zomwe zatsalira pambuyo pa Apocalypse Earth. Malinga ndi nthano zaku India, mphalapala ipulumuka kumapeto kwa dziko lapansi. “Njati, nyama zina, munthu adzafa, dziko lapansi lidzagwa mu mdima. Ndipo mumdima wandiweyani kulira kwa mphalapala kumalira. "
