Chimbalangondo cha Grizzly, kuchokera ku English Grizzly bear kapena imvi chimbalangondo, chimatanthauza dzina lomwe limatanthawuza gawo limodzi kapena angapo amtundu wa America wa chimbalangondo chofiirira. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinyama zazikulu kwambiri komanso zowopsa zomwe zikukhala pano.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Chimbalangondo cha grizzly ndi chilombo chamtchire chamtchire chokhala ndi kukula kwakukulu modabwitsa komanso mwamphamvu kwambiri, chomwe chidapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwamitundu yankhanza kwambiri komanso yokhetsa magazi mwazinyama zolusa. Dzinalo la sayansi la zimbalangondo za grizzly ndi horribilis, kutanthauza "zoyipa kapena zoyipa".
Maonekedwe akunja
Grizzlies amadziwika ndi thupi lokwanira. Mbali yapadera ya chimbalangondo cha grizzly imayimiridwa ndi zikhadabo zazitali, 15-16 cm, chifukwa chomwe nyamayo imatha kukwera mitengo, koma imasaka nyama yake. Zikhadabo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana komanso zopindika.
Ndizosangalatsa!Osati achikulire okha, komanso achinyamata amasiyanitsidwa ndi nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zopangidwa bwino, zomwe zimawalola kusaka nyama yayikulu kwambiri.
Kapangidwe ka thupi, komanso mawonekedwe, chimbalangondo chotere chimakhala chofanana kwambiri ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira, koma chokulirapo komanso cholemera, chophwanyika komanso nthawi yomweyo champhamvu modabwitsa. Mosiyana ndi zimbalangondo za ku Eurasia, zimbalangondo za ku North America zili ndi chigaza chotsika kwambiri, mafupa amphuno opangidwa bwino komanso mphumi wowongoka.
Mchira ndiwofupikitsa kwambiri. Mukuyenda, zimbalangondo zazikulu zimayendetsa kwambiri thupi lawo.
Makulidwe a chimbalangondo cha grizzly
Kutalika kwa nyama yoyimirira kumbuyo kwa miyendo yakumbuyo ndi pafupifupi 2.5 mita ndikulemera kwa 380-410 kg. Gawo la khosi limakhala ndi chithunzithunzi champhamvu kwambiri, chomwe chimapatsa nyamayo mphamvu zosaneneka. Mothandizidwa kamodzi kokha, chimbalangondo chachikulire chimatha kupha ngakhale mphalapala wokulirapo kapena wachibale wake wocheperako kapena wofooka.
Zofunika!Chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri cha grizzly chimadziwika ngati champhongo chomwe chimakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja ndipo chimakhala ndi makilogalamu 680. Kutalika kwake pokwera miyendo yake yakumbuyo kunafika mita zitatu, ndipo kutalika kwa lamba wamapewa kunali mita imodzi ndi theka.
Achibale apafupi kwambiri a grizzlies ndi zimbalangondo wamba zofiirira.... Makutu a nyama amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Nyama zomwe zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndizazikulu kwambiri kuposa omwe amakhala kumtunda. Ngati kulemera kwapakatikati kwamwamuna kuli pafupifupi 270-275 kg, ndiye kuti anthu am'mphepete mwa nyanja amatha kulemera makilogalamu 400 kapena kupitilira apo.
Mtundu wa khungu
Mapewa, khosi ndi mimba ya chimbalangondo cha grizzly chimakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda wakuda, koma kumapeto kumakhala utoto wowala, wopatsa chovalacho utoto wokongola waimvi. Ndi chifukwa cha mthunzi uwu momwe mawonekedwe adatchulidwira grizzly, kutanthauza "imvi kapena imvi".
Poyerekeza ndi zimbalangondo zofiirira kwambiri, malaya a grizzly ali ndi chitukuko chokulirapo, sichikhala chotalikirapo, komanso chimakhala chofewa kwambiri, chifukwa chake chimasungabe kutentha bwino.
Utali wamoyo
Nthawi yayitali ya zimbalangondo zakutchire nthawi zambiri zimadalira komwe amakhala komanso zakudya zawo.... Nthawi zambiri, nyama yodya nyama sikhala yopitilira kotala la zana kuthengo, ndipo imakhala zaka zopitilira makumi atatu ikasungidwa bwino.
Kodi grizzly bear imakhala kuti?
Chiwerengero cha grizzly chidachepa kwambiri chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, pomwe kuwomberana kwa nyama zolusa ndi alimi akuteteza ziweto zawo kuzimbalangondo.
Ngakhale kuti kufalitsa kwachilengedwe kwa zimbalangondo za grizzly kwasintha kwambiri mzaka zapitazi, chilombochi chimapezekabe kumadzulo kwa North America, komanso kunja kwa zigawo zakumwera, kuyambira North Dakota kapena Missouri. M'madera akumpoto, malo ogawawa amafika ku British Columbia ndi ku Alaska.
Khalani ndi moyo
Zimbalangondo za Grizzly zimapita ku hibernation chaka chilichonse, zomwe zimatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pofuna kukonzekera kubisala, nyamayo imadya chakudya chopatsa thanzi, kenako imakhala m khola.
Ndizosangalatsa!Asanapite ku hibernation, nyama yayikulu imapeza pafupifupi 180-200 kg ya mafuta.
Pakuchepetsa, chinyama sichidya ndipo sichikwaniritsa zosowa zake zachilengedwe. Zimbalangondo zamphongo zazimuna zimatuluka kutchire mozungulira mkatikati mwa Marichi, ndipo zazimayi pambuyo pake - mu Epulo kapena Meyi.
Grizzly chimbalangondo kudyetsa ndi kusaka
Chimbalangondo cha grizzly chimasaka nyama zambiri kapena zazikulu. Mphalapala, komanso mphalapala ndi nkhosa zamphongo nthawi zambiri zimakodwa ndi zimbalangondo zolusa.
Gawo lalikulu la chakudyacho ndi nsomba, kuphatikiza nsomba ndi nsomba zam'madzi. Mwa zina, zimbalangondo zimadya mbalame zamtchire zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mazira awo, komanso makoswe osiyanasiyana.
Monga chakudya chomera grizzly chimakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mtedza wa paini, mbewu zosiyanasiyana za tuber ndi mabulosi... Gawo lofunikira pa zakudya za grizzly ndi nyama, kotero kuti nyamayo imatha kusaka nyama monga nyongolotsi, agologolo agulupa, mandimu ndi ma voles. Chakudya chachikulu kwambiri cha grizzlies ndi njati ndi mphalapala, komanso mitembo ya anamgumi, mikango yam'nyanja ndi zisindikizo zomwe zimaponyedwa m'mbali mwa nyanja.
Ndizosangalatsa!Pofuna kudya uchi wa njuchi zakutchire, grizzly imagwedeza mosavuta mtengo wachikulire, pambuyo pake umawononga chisa cha tizilombo.
Pafupifupi magawo atatu mwa magawo anayi a zakudya ndi zakudya zopangidwa ndi mbewu monga mabulosi abuluu, mabulosi akuda, rasipiberi, ndi cranberries. Madzi oundana atatha, zimbalangondo zimalanda minda ndi nyemba zingapo. M'zaka zanjala kwambiri, chinyama chimayandikira nyumba ya munthu, komwe zimatha kudyera ziweto zake. Malo otayira zinyalala omwe ali pafupi ndi malo ogonera alendo komanso mahema amatha kukopa nyama zakutchire.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yokwanira ya zimbalangondo zotuwa kapena ma grizzlies nthawi zambiri imachitika mu Juni.... Ndi nthawi imeneyi pomwe amuna amatha kununkhiza akazi ngakhale atakhala patali kwambiri, kufika makilomita angapo. M'magulu awiri a grizzlies amakhala osapitirira masiku khumi, pambuyo pake amabwerera kumayendedwe okhalako kale omwe amakhala kale pamtundu uwu.
Ndizosangalatsa!Tsoka ilo, si ana onse omwe amatha kupulumuka ndikukula. Nthawi zina makanda amakhala nyama yosavuta yodyedwa ndi akulu akulu anjala ndi ziweto zina.
Zimatenga pafupifupi masiku 250 kuti mkazi abereke ana, pambuyo pake ana awiri kapena atatu amabadwa mu Januware-February. Kulemera kwapakati pa bere wakhanda teddy, monga lamulo, sikupitilira 410-710 g. Ana amphongo amabadwa osati amaliseche okha, komanso akhungu, komanso opanda mano, chifukwa chake, chakudya m'miyezi yoyamba chimayimiriridwa ndi mkaka wa amayi wokha.
Nthawi yoyamba pamene anawo amatuluka kupita kumlengalenga kuchokera kumphako kumapeto kwa masika, chakumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi kuti mkazi amayamba kuzolowera ana ake pang'onopang'ono pazakudya zokhazokha.
Pakufika chimfine chozizira, chimbalangondo ndi ana ake amayamba kufunafuna phanga latsopano, lokulirapo. Anawo amakhala odziyimira pawokha mchaka chachiwiri chamoyo, pomwe amatha kupeza chakudya chokwanira okha. Amayi amakwanitsa kufikira zaka zitatu zokha, ndipo amuna pafupifupi chaka chotsatira. Nyama yayikulu imakhala moyo wamseri wofanana ndi mitunduyo, yolumikizana awiriawiri pokhapokha nyengo yakumasirana.
Ndizosangalatsa!Chochititsa chidwi cha grizzly ndikuti amatha kusakanikirana ndi anthu okhala ndi zimbalangondo wamba, chifukwa cha ana achonde omwe amapezeka. Mitundu yotereyi imatchedwa polar grizzlies.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Pakadali pano, ma grizzlies ndiotetezedwa, chifukwa chake malo awo akulu amaimiridwa ndi mapaki aku America. Anthu ambiri amakhala m'mapaki a Yellowstone ndi Mount McKinley, komanso ku Glacier parkland, komwe ma grizzlies amakhazikika m'maiko ena.
Chiwerengero chazinyama zakutchire zidapulumuka ku Continental America, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Washington ndi Idaho. Chiwerengero cha zimbalangondo za grizzly lero ndi pafupifupi anthu zikwi makumi asanu.... Kamodzi pakatha zaka zinayi, kusaka kovomerezeka kwa nyama yowopsa imeneyi kumaloledwa ku Alaska.
Malinga ndi asayansi ambiri komanso akatswiri odziwika bwino a zinyama, munthu yekhayo ndi amene amachititsa kuti mbali zambiri zakumana ndi zimbalangondo. Kumtchire, zimbalangondo nthawi zonse zimayesa kudutsa anthu, chifukwa chake, malinga ndi malamulo amakhalidwe, munthu sayenera kukumana ndi nyama yolakwirayo.
Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti chifukwa cha miyendo yake yonse yamiyendo ndi ulesi, nyama yakutchire yokwiya ikuluikulu imatha kuthamanga pafupifupi mita zana liwiro la kavalo wothamanga, chifukwa chake kuli kovuta kuthawa mdani ngati ameneyu.
