Kadinala wa mbalame - mbadwa ya ku America. Kukula kwa nthumwi yowoneka bwino ya odutsa pamenepo kunakhala chifukwa chakuwonekera kwa munthu wamphongo wokongola ngati chizindikiro cha mayiko angapo. Chithunzi cha mbalame yapaderayi chidasankhidwa ku Kentucky ngati mbendera.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Makadinala adadzitcha dzina chifukwa cha nthenga zofiira zamphongo zazimuna ndi chigoba chopangidwa ndi utoto wakuda kuzungulira mlomo ndi diso. Zochepa kadinala wakumpotoyemwe amakhala ku Canada, States ndi Mexico, otchedwa Cardinal wofiira kapena Virginian. Chimodzi mwazinthuzi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi mawu osangalatsa a mbalame yaying'ono yoyenda, yomwe idatchedwa kuti Virginian nightingale.
Kadinala wofiira sangathe kudzitama ndi kukula kwakukulu. Mkazi wamkazi ndi wocheperako pang'ono kuposa wamwamuna, yemwe kulemera kwake sikufikira magalamu 50. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame yayikulu, limodzi ndi mchira, kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 25, ndipo mapiko ake samapitilira 30 cm.
Kadinala wa mbalame pachithunzichi osati momveka bwino monga chilengedwe. Kutha kwa cholembera chake kuwunikira kumapangitsa utoto kukhala wonenepa komanso wowala. Maonekedwe a amuna ndi akazi osiyanasiyana amasiyanasiyana kwambiri. Amuna, omwe amatchedwa mwachilengedwe kuti akope atsikana okhala ndi nthenga ndi mawonekedwe awo owala komanso kuyimba, ndi okongola kwambiri.
Thupi lawo, masaya awo, chifuwa chawo, mimba ndi zofiira, ndipo mapiko awo ndi nthenga zawo za mchira zakuda ndi zofiira mopyapyala. Chovala chakuda chakumbuyo kofiira chimapereka umuna. Mlomo wa mbalameyi ndi wofiira, ndipo miyendo ndi yofiirira.
Akazi amawoneka ochepetsetsa kwambiri: utoto wofiirira, mabala ofiira pa nthenga za chilombo, mapiko, mchira ndi mlomo wofiira kwambiri woboola pakati. Mayiyo amakhalanso ndi chigoba, koma osafotokozedwa momveka bwino: nthenga kuzungulira mlomo wake ndipo maso ake ndi amtundu wakuda. Anawo ndi ofanana ndi akazi. Makadinala onse ali ndi ana abulauni.
Kumpoto kwa kontrakitala, indigo oatmeal cardinal amakhala, nthenga zake zili ndi buluu. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokhwima, kuwala kwa mtundu wamwamuna kumawonjezeka, ndipo awiriwo atapangidwa kale, amawonekeranso.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kardinali mbalame amakhala pafupifupi konse ku America. Ku Bermuda, zidawonekera m'zaka za zana la 18th, pomwe anthu adabweretsa anthu angapo kumeneko ndikuweta mwanzeru. Pakadali pano, makadinala adazolowera kwathunthu kumeneko ndipo amaberekanso pawokha.
Kakhadinala wakumpoto amakhalanso ndi minda, mapaki, malo amitengo, zitsamba. M'madera oyandikana ndi tawuni, imapezekanso, chifukwa cha mantha a mbalameyi.
Mbalame iyi yomwe imakonda kucheza ndi zofiirira imalumikizana ndi anthu mosavuta. Kuchokera kwa mpheta, adatengera kupanda mantha, machitidwe opanda nzeru, zizolowezi zakuba. Sichidzakhala chovuta kuti kadinala awuluke pazenera lotseguka la nyumbayo, kudzadya chilichonse chomwe akuwona kuti ndi chodyera pamenepo, komanso kutenga chakudya naye.
Phokoso lomwe kadinala wa Virginian adapanga ndilosiyanasiyana. Iyi ndi mbalame yolankhula kwambiri. Pomwe amalumikizana mwakachetechete, makadinala amatulutsa mawu osalala. Ma tridescent omwe amapezeka mwa amuna amafanana ndi nyimbo za nightingale. Ndipo kuyimba kwachete kwa akazi kumamvekanso, koma osati mosiyanasiyana. Mbalamezo zikachita mantha, kulira kwawo kumakhala kulira kwamphamvu kwambiri.
Mverani mawu a Kadinala wofiira
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimasiyanitsa makadinala ndikumakumbukira kosangalatsa komwe akhala nako kwazaka zambiri zakusintha. Amatha kukumbukira kuchuluka kwawo konse kwa nthanga za paini, zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa mu Seputembala ndikubisala m'malo odziwika okha kuti adye chakudya chomwe amakonda nthawi yonse yozizira.
Chifukwa chake mu Seputembala, kadinala amatha kubisala mpaka 100 zikwi za mitengo ya paini m'malo amiyala a Grand Canyon, omwe amakhala pafupifupi makilomita zana, komwe mbalame yofiira imakonda kukhazikika. Popanda kuloweza pamutu mbalamezi, sizingakhale ndi moyo nthawi yayitali yozizira. Ngakhale malo asintha pansi pa chipale chofewa, amapeza pafupifupi 90% ya mbewu zobisika. Zotsala 10% zotsala, kukonzanso nkhalango.
Mitundu
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makadinala imakonda kupezeka m'malo ena a kontrakitala. Kotero Kadinala waku Virginia - Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri komanso yambiri - yomwe imapezeka makamaka ku Canada, USA, Guatemala ndi Mexico.
Green amakhala mdera la Uruguay lamakono ndi Argentina. Kum'mawa kwa South America ndi gawo la kadinala waimvi. Koma mwamuna wokongola wa indigo amapezeka kokha kumpoto kwa kontrakitala, komwe, kuwonjezera pa iye, mitundu yofiira, yofiirira (parrot) imafala.
Ulemerero wakula
Imvi kadinala mwinamwake wotchedwa red-crested. Osati kokha tuft ya mtundu uwu ndi yofiira, komanso chigoba chozungulira mlomo, maso, komanso malo kuchokera pakhosi mpaka pachifuwa ngati mawonekedwe otuluka.
Kumbuyo kwa mbalameyo, mapiko ake komanso kumtunda kwa mchira ndi imvi, mimba ndi chifuwa sizayera. Makadinala ofiyira amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndizosazindikirika. Koma ngati awiriwo amakhala moyandikana, ndiye kuti mkazi amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mutu wopanda mutu kwambiri, osati wopindika ngati wamwamuna, mlomo wokongola komanso wosakwanitsa kubereka ma trill.
Ulemerero wakula Imakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zazitsamba zomwe zili m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Awiriwo amapanga zisa zofananira ndi mbale, ndikuziyika pamitengo yayitali yazitsamba zokula kwambiri. Zakudya za makadinala ofiira ofiira zimakhala ndi tizilombo, mbewu zamitengo ndi zitsamba.
Chowotcha cha mazira anayi abuluu amasamalidwa ndi dona kwa milungu iwiri. Anapiye aswa amadyetsedwa ndi abambo ndi amayi. Ana azaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri amasiya chisa, pambuyo pake makolo awo amawasamalira ndikuwapatsa chakudya pafupifupi milungu itatu.
Kadinala wa Parrot
M'banja la makadinala, kadotali (wofiirira) kadinala ndiye mtundu wawung'ono kwambiri, womwe udafotokozedwa koyamba ndi mwana wa mchimwene wa Napoleon, Charles Lucien Bonaparte. Dera lomwe mbalameyi imakhazikika ku Venezuela ndi Colombia kokha.
Makilomita okwana 20,000 ndi malo otentha ndi otentha, komwe kumakhala nyengo youma. Nthawi yomweyo, kadinala wofiirira sakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zowirira, amakonda zitsamba ndi nkhalango zosowa. Mbalame yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mapiko a 22 cm okha ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 19 cm komanso kulemera kwake mpaka 30 g.
Kadinala wofiirira yemwe ali wokondwa amasungunuka mchimake ngati parrot. Mlomo umafanana ndi mbalameyi - chifukwa chake dzina la mitunduyo. Mwamuna amasiyanitsidwa ndi nthenga zofiirira zokhala ndi chigoba chakuda. Zazimayi ndi zofiirira komanso zofiirira m'matchafu ndi pakhungu.
Mimba yawo ndi chifuwa chawo ndi zachikasu-lalanje, ndipo chigoba choterocho chimathera kumbuyo kwa mutu. Mosiyana ndi makadinala ofiira, milomo yamtundu wa mbalame zotchedwa parrot ndi yakuda komanso imvi. Mtundu womwewo pamapazi.
Zochita za mbalame zimawonjezeka m'mawa ndi madzulo. Awiriwo, posankha malo oti azikhalamo, amateteza mosadziteteza ku kuwukira kwa anzawo ndi ena omwe akupikisana nawo. Oimira mtundu wa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe amasiyana ndi makadinala ena omwe amakonda zakudya zamasamba.
Amadyanso tizilombo, koma ochepa kwambiri. Kwenikweni, chakudyacho chimakhala ndi mbewu, tirigu, zipatso zina, zipatso ndi zipatso za nkhadze. Kadinala wa parrot, atakhwima miyezi 12, amasankha banja, lomwe amakhalabe wokhulupirika pamoyo wake wonse.
Kadinala wobiriwira
Kakhalidwe ka kadinala wobiriwira ndiye malo otentha ku South America, i.e. madera akumwera a Argentina. Wamphongo ndi wobiriwira kwambiri kuposa mnzake. Chigoba cha kadinala wobiriwirayo ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yachikasu pansi pamtengo ndi mulomo.
Mabanja amamva bwino mu ukapolo, amaswana mosavuta ndipo samawopa kutentha. Clutch imakhala ndi mazira amtundu wa 3-4 wonyezimira. Mwana wankhuku yemwe wangoswedwa kumene amakhala ndi bulauni yakuda ndi bulauni. Koma patsiku la 17 la moyo, ikafika nthawi yoti achoke pachisa, mtundu wa nthengayo umakhala wofanana ndi wobiriwira wa amayi.
Kadinala wa oatmeal wa indigo
Ichi ndi mtundu wina wa banja la kadinala. Mbalame yanyimbo zaku North America imangolemera masentimita 15 kuchokera pamlomo mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira wake. Nthawi yomweyo, mapiko awo ndi mchira wawo ndi mdima wokhala ndi malire amtambo, ndipo pamwamba pa mulomo pali mzere wakuda wofanana ndi zingwe.
Pofika nyengo yozizira, mtundu wamphongo umakhala wowoneka bwino, mimba ndi mbali yamkati ya mchira zimakhala zoyera. Akazi ali ndi nthenga zofiirira zokhala ndi mikwingwirima pachifuwa ndi zikoti zofiirira zachikasu pamapiko.
Chisa cha kadinala wa oatmeal chimapangidwanso ngati mphika, wopangidwa ndi nthambi zopyapyala, udzu, nthenga ndi ubweya wa nyama. Mtundu wa clutch wa mazira 3-4 ndi wabuluu wonyezimira.
Habitat imadalira nyengo: chilimwe ndi Southeast Canada ndi kum'mawa kwa United States, ndipo nthawi yozizira ndi West Indies ndi Central America.
Kadinali mbalame kwanthawi yayitali akhala ngwazi zopeka zaku America. Zithunzi ndi zifanizo zake zimakongoletsa nyumba nthawi ya Khrisimasi ndi Chaka Chatsopano. Pamodzi ndi Santa, okonda chipale chofewa, ndi agwape, mbalame yonyezimira yoyera yachikhalidwe yaku America imachita chizindikiro cha Khrisimasi.
Zakudya zabwino
Zakudya za Kadinala wa Virgini, kuphatikiza mbewu za paini, ndi zipatso za zomera zina, khungwa ndi masamba a elm. Tizilombo tambiri titha kukhala chakudya. Zina mwa izo: kafadala, cicadas, ziwala. Mwachilengedwe, mbalame zimatha kudya nkhono, ma elderberries, yamatcheri, ma junipere, ma strawberries, ndi mphesa. Sadzasiya chimanga ndi chimanga china pakukhwima kwamkaka.
Mu ukapolo, makadinali amafunika kuti azitha kuyenda kwambiri, chifukwa amayamba kunenepa kwambiri. Mutha kusiyanitsa chakudya china ndi dzombe, Madagascar mphemvu, crickets. Zamasamba, zipatso ndi zipatso, masamba ndi maluwa a mitengo yazipatso sizikhala zopanda phindu.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nthawi yodzikongoletsera, matrilosi a amuna amakhala okweza kwambiri komanso osangalatsa. Mkwati amatutumula mchira wake, natulutsa pachifuwa chake chofiira, akuwonetsa bwenzi lake kumanzere, kenako kumanja, akutembenuza ndikupiza mapiko ake.
Atapanga awiri, mkaziyo amayamba kupanga chisa chowoneka ngati chikho pamtengo wotsika kapena m'mitengo yayikulu ya tchire, ndipo abambo amtsogolo amamuthandiza. Clutch imakhala ndi mazira 3-4 okhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira kapena wabuluu, wolowetsedwa ndi imvi kapena bulauni.
Pomwe chachikazi chimafumbata chomata, chachimuna chimamusangalatsa ndi nyimbo, ndipo nthawi zina chimayimba mwakachetechete. Amadyetsa wosankhidwa wake, kubweretsa tizilombo ndi mbewu. Zimathamangitsa mbalame zina ndi kulira kwakukulu, mosadziteteza zimateteza chisa ku zovuta za adani. Nthawi zina mayi amatha kuchoka pachisa, ndiye champhongo chomwecho chimakhala pachakudyacho.
Anapiye amapezeka masiku 12-14. Makolo amawadyetsa okha tizilombo. Pafupifupi tsiku la 17, anapiye amasiya chisa cha abambo awo, pambuyo pake wamkazi amapitanso ku clutch yotsatira, ndipo yamphongo imawonjezera ana am'mbuyomu.
M'malo awo achilengedwe, makadinali ofiira amakhala zaka 10 mpaka 15. Mu ukapolo, ndikusamalidwa bwino, moyo wawo ukhoza kuwonjezeka mpaka zaka 30.
