Kuyambira ali mwana pomwe timawona Njovu pachithunzichi, maganizo athu amakwera. Ichi ndi chinyama chodabwitsa chomwe sichingasokonezeke ndi china chilichonse. Kuyambira ndili mwana, timayang'ana nyamayi ngati cholengedwa chokoma mtima, chanzeru komanso chanzeru. Koma zilidi choncho, ndi bwino kufufuza.
Momwe njovu zidawonekera padziko lapansi
Kubwerera m'masiku a ma dinosaurs, ndiye kuti, zaka 65 miliyoni zapitazo, oyambitsa ma proboscis amakono adayenda padziko lapansi. Amawoneka ngati njovu zamakono, m'malo mwake, amafanana ndi ma tapir ndipo, malinga ndi asayansi, koposa zonse amapezeka mchigawo cha Egypt chamakono. Zoona, palinso chiphunzitso chakuti njovu yosiyana kwambiri inakhala kholo la njovu, yomwe malo awo anali Africa ndi Eurasia.
Makolo a njovu ndi Deinotherium, yomwe idatha zaka 2.5 miliyoni zapitazo. Kunja, anali nyama yofanana kwambiri ndi njovu, yaying'ono kwambiri, yokhala ndi thunthu lalifupi. Kenako gomphoteria adawonekera.
Iwonso, amawoneka ngati njovu, kungoti anali ndi minyewa inayi italiitali yomwe inkapotoza chokwera ndi chotsika. Iwo adatha zaka 10 zikwi zapitazo.
Mamutid (masadoni) ndi amodzi mwa agogo aamuna a njovu amakono. Adawonekera zaka 10 miliyoni zapitazo ndipo adazimiririka pomwe munthu adawonekera - zaka 18,000 zapitazo. Thupi la nyama izi linali lokutidwa ndi ubweya wonenepa, ming'oma yake inali yayitali, chimodzimodzinso thunthu.
Ndipo mammoths adachokera kwa iwo (zaka 1.6 miliyoni zapitazo). Mammoths anali amtali pang’ono kuposa njovu zamakono kukula kwake, anali ndi ubweya wakuda ndi mano akuluakulu. Ndi mammoth okhawo omwe ali amtundu wofanana ndi njovu.
Njovu zimakhala kuti
Tsopano palibe ubweya pa njovu, ndipo sazifunikira, chifukwa malo awo amakhala ndi nyengo yotentha, ndipo nthawi zina imakhala yotentha kwambiri. Njovu zaku Africa zimasangalala kwambiri mdera lamayiko aku Africa - Kenya, Zambia, Congo, Somalia, Namibia ndi ena. Sikutentha m'maiko amenewa, kukutentha kotentha. Njovu zimapita ku savannah, komwe kuli zomera ndi madzi.
Zachidziwikire, ndikukula kwamizinda, njovu zimasiyidwa ndi malo ocheperako, koma anthu amapanga malo osungira zachilengedwe, malo osungirako zachilengedwe, makamaka kuti pasakhale chilichonse chowopseza miyoyo ya zimphona. M'mapaki omwewo, ntchito ikugwiridwa yoteteza nyama kwa anthu opha nyama mosayenera.
Njovu zaku India zimakhazikika ku Vietnam, Thailand, India, Laos, China, Sri Lanka. Amakonda udzu wa m'nkhalango, choncho amapita kunkhalango. Ngakhale nkhalango yosadutsika simasokoneza nyama izi, m'malo mwake, ndipamene njovu yamtchire yonse yapulumuka. Zowona, ndizovuta kwambiri kuphunzira njovu zotere.
Kufotokozera
M'malo mwake, ndi nyama yanzeru kwambiri komanso yamtendere. Kukula kwake kwakukulu, njovu ndi yomwe imamuzunza, ndipo imangodya zakudya zamasamba zokha. Kuyambira kale munthu wapanga njovu kukhala wothandizira wake. Ndipo zidatheka chifukwa nyama yayikuluyo idakhala yanzeru kwambiri, yophunzitsidwa mosavuta, ndipo munthuyo sanaganizire motalika pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake.
Kuphatikiza pa luso lamalingaliro, njovu zimakula bwino. Amadziwa kukhumudwitsidwa, kukwiya, mtima wake wachifundo kwa ana umadutsa malire a chizolowezi chachibadwa, amapulumutsa anzawo, akuwonetsa bwino malingaliro abwino.
Chifukwa cha malingaliro anu, mtendere ndi kuthekera kwina Njovu yopatulika m'maiko ena, monga Thailand kapena India.
Amakhulupirira kuti ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Komabe, ngakhale njovu imatha kulemera mpaka matani 7 ndi kutalika kwa mita yopitilira 4, nyama yayikulu kwambiri ndi blue whale. Whale whale amatsata kukula kwake. Koma pamtunda Njovu ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri.
Kulemera kwake
Mwa njira, ndiyenera kunena kuti si njovu zonse zazikulu kwambiri. Njovu yayikulu kwambiri ku Africa. Njovu zaku India ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi zaku Africa, zazikazi zawo zimangolemera matani 4.5 okha, ndipo amuna ndi akulu 1 ton. Koma palinso mitundu ing'onoing'ono kwambiri ya njovu, zomwe siziposa 1 ton.
Mafupa
Kuti muthandizire matani onsewa, muyenera msana wolimba komanso wodalirika. Ndiye kuti, mafupa. Mafupa a njovu ndi olimba komanso okulirapo. Pamafupa a mafupa pomwe nyama ili ndi mutu wawukulu, pamphumi, wokongoletsedwa ndi mitu yayikulu. Kuchokera kwa iwo mutha kudziwa kuti njovu ndi yaying'ono kapena yayikulu bwanji, chifukwa nyama ikakulirapo, imakhala ndi mano ambiri.
Chaka chimodzi, kukula kwawo kumafika masentimita 18! Koma izi si za aliyense. Mu njovu ya ku Asia komweko, zilombazo zimayikidwa mkamwa ndipo ndizowoneka wamba. Komano, msinkhu wa nyama ukhoza kuzindikiridwa ndi mano - akalewo amatha pakapita zaka, ndipo mano achichepere amakula kuti asinthe.
Mutu
Ngati simuyang'ana mafupa, koma chirombo chomwecho, chinthu choyamba chomwe chimakugwirani ndi makutu akulu. Makutu amenewa amakhala m'malo opumira komanso odekha, kukatentha, njovu zimadziphatika nawo, ndikupangitsa kuziziritsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, makutu osunthidwa otere ndi njira yolumikizirana pakati pa anzawo. Mukakumana ndi adani, kugwedezeka kwamakutu koopsa kumawopseza adaniwo.
Thunthu
Ndipo komabe, chiwalo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha njovu iliyonse ndi thunthu. Kukongola kumeneku kumakhala ndimakilogalamu 200 a minyewa ndi minofu, ndipo ndi milomo yosakanikirana ndi mphuno. Thunthu lake ndi chida chofunikira cha njovu chotetezera, kudyetsa, kumwa, ndi zina zilizonse.
Mwachitsanzo, zimakhudza mtima kwambiri kuona njovu zazing'ono zikugwira mchira wa amayi awo ndi mitengo yawo kuti ziziyendera gulu la ziwetozo. Ndipo ngati mwana alowa m'malo osasangalatsa, amake amutulutsanso, mothandizidwa ndi thunthu.
Ana samagwiritsa ntchito mwachangu mphatso yachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, saigwiritsiranso ntchito pakumwa. Koma popita nthawi, amvetsetsanso momwe amasinthira pamitu yawo.
Miyendo
Koma si mutu ndi thunthu lokha womwe uli wapadera, Njovu nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa mwaluso kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi iliyonse zimakhala zodabwitsa momwe nyama yayikulu kwambiri imasunthira, mwanjira ina, sikumveka! Izi zimatheka chifukwa cha mwendo wapadera.
Pali phazi lakuthwa pamapazi a njovu, lomwe limapangitsa sitepeyo kukhala yofewa komanso yabata. Ndipo, njovu, iyi ndi nyama yotamanda mabondo awiri pa bondo limodzi! Ngakhale munthu samapatsidwa mwayi wotere.
Torso
Thupi la njovu ndilolimba, lolimba, lokutidwa ndi khungu lamakwinya. Pali zotupa pakhungu, koma ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo sizimapereka khungu mtundu uliwonse. Koma, chochititsa chidwi, njovu zimatha kukhala zotuwa, zofiirira komanso zapinki.
Izi zonse zimachitika chifukwa chakuti nyama zimadziwaza ndi nthaka ndi fumbi kuti tizilombo tisasokoneze iwo. Ndipo chifukwa chake, komwe njovu imakhala, njovu yamtundu wanji, njovu ndi yofanana.
Mwa njira, ichi ndichifukwa chake njovu sizimawoneka nthawi yomweyo patali motsatana ndi nthaka. Izi, sizowapulumutsa kwa adani, chifukwa njovu siziopa adani awo, koma sizilola kuti zisokoneze alendo omwe sanaitanidwe.
Koma njovu zokhala ndi khungu loyera (albino) zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Amangophedwa chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wamtengo wapatali. Ngakhale, Njovu yoyera amasangalala ndi zabwino zonse akabwera kwa anthu omwe amawakonda, ngati nyama yopatulika. Thupi limatha ndi mchira wawung'ono, kumapeto kwake kuli ngayaye. Burashi si fluffy, koma njovu akhoza molimba kugwiritsitsa mchira woterowo.
Kusiyana pakati pa njovu zaku India ndi Africa
Ndipo, ngakhale njovu idulidwe mokongola bwanji, mwayi wake waukulu ndi m'mphamvu zake zamaganizidwe. Nyama izi zimangophunzira mosavuta osati ntchito zambiri zomwe amayenera kuchita akamagwira ntchito, amatha kujambula, amakonda nyimbo.
Ndipo si zokhazo, chifukwa njovu zokha za ku Africa ndi India ndizomwe zaphunziridwa kwambiri. Koyamba, izi ndi nyama zomwezo, ndipo munthu wosazindikira sangadziwe kusiyana komwe kulipo, komabe:
- Njovu zaku Africa Zambiri. Anthu azaka zomwezo amasiyana kwambiri kulemera, chifukwa njovu yaku Africa ndiyokulirapo kuposa ya India, pafupifupi matani 2, ndipo izi zimawonekera kwambiri;
- ngakhale ili yolemera kwambiri, thunthu la njovu yaku Africa ndi locheperako kuposa la Amwenye;
- koma makutu a njovu zaku Africa ndi akulu;
- Njovu zimasiyananso ndi mawonekedwe amthupi - pakati pa anthu aku Asia, thupi limawoneka lalifupi, ndipo gawo lakumbuyo limakwera pang'ono pamwamba pamutu;
- "dona" waku Africa alibe minyanga, koma njovu zotsalazo zili ndi minyanga, yamphongo ndi yaikazi;
- Njovu zaku India zimasetedwa mosavuta komanso mwachangu kuposa njovu zaku Africa (zomwe ndizosatheka kuweta), ngakhale zili zachi Africa Njovu ndi nyama zanzeru;
- ngakhale utali wamoyo wa njovu yaku India ndi Africa ndiwosiyana - anthu aku Africa amakhala ndi moyo wautali. Ngakhale, zizindikirozi zimadalira kwambiri zinthu zambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, anthu adayesa kuthana ndi akazi aku India ndi aku Africa, komabe, izi sizinaphule kanthu. Izi zikusonyeza kuti njovu ndizosiyana siyana.
Momwe njovu zimakhalira
Njovu zimasonkhana pagulu lalikulu la abale - njovu. Gulu lililonse la njovu limatsogolera njovu yayikazi - yakale, yodziwa zambiri komanso yanzeru. Amadziwa kale komwe kuli mapiri obiriwira, komwe kuli madzi, momwe mungapezere malo obiriwira kwambiri. Koma sikuti amangolongosola njira ya moyo "wokoma", komanso kuti asunge bata.
Monga mwalamulo, zazikazi ndi zazing'ono kwambiri zimasonkhana m'magulu amtunduwu. Koma amuna omwe adakhalapo kale mpaka kukula sangafune kukhala pagulu lotero ndikusiya kukhala okha. Ndipo ngati sichikhala chokha, ndiye kuti pamodzi ndi njovu zamphongo zomwezo, iwo amapita ku ziweto zawo, koma pokhapokha akadzakula.
Ndipo panthawiyi, gulu limakhala ndi malamulo ake, pomwe aliyense amakwaniritsa ntchito zake. Mwachitsanzo, nyama zazing'ono zimaleredwa ndi gulu lonselo. Kuteteza ana ndichinthu chaulemu pagulu lililonse. Ngati kuukira kumachitika, ndiye kuti gulu lonselo lazungulira mwanayo ndi mphete ndipo mdani amavutika. Ndipo, njovu nthawi zambiri zimazunzidwa kapena kufa ndi zilonda zomwe zimapweteketsa.
Njovu zimakonda kukhala pafupi ndi madzi, chifukwa zimayenera kumwa osachepera 200 malita patsiku. Mwa njira, sikuti aliyense amadziwa, koma chilala chikayamba, njovu zimayamba kukumba zitsime, ndipo madziwo amapulumutsa osati gulu la njovu zokha, komanso nyama zina zambiri.
Njovu njovu mwamtendere. Zimphona sizikhala zaukali konse. Inde, zimachitika kuti nyama ina imafa pazifukwa zawo, koma nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti nyama yaulesi imangoponderezedwa ndi gulu lowopa, sinathe kuyimitsa njira yawo munthawi yake. Nthawi zina, izi sizimachitika.
Ndizomvetsa chisoni kwambiri kuti njovu yakale, yoyembekezera kufa, itatsazika achibale awo, kenako ndikupita kumanda a njovu, komwe makolo ake nawonso adafera. Ali ndi masiku angapo, asanamwalire, kuti azingokhala komweko. Njovu komanso banja lake limadziwa izi, ndipo kutsanzikana kwawo kumakhudza mtima kwambiri.
Utali wamoyo
Njovu zimakhala nthawi yayitali mu ukapolo kuposa ufulu. Ndipo sizingakhale zolakwika kwathunthu kuyitanitsa malo omwe adapangidwira kuti nyama zizikhala momasuka komanso motetezeka "mokakamiza". Awa ndi mapaki, malo osungira, malo omwe amatetezedwa kwa osaka nyama, madera momwe zinthu zabwino kwambiri pamoyo wa zimphona zimapangidwa.
Kutchire, njovu sizitetezedwa ku zida zowononga nyama, sizingadziteteze ku matenda, kuvulala, mabala, ndipo izi zimachepetsa kwambiri miyoyo yawo. Zimphona sizimaopa akambuku kapena mikango, koma mabala a kuwazunzawa amawononga kwambiri amoyo. Kupatula apo, ngakhale bala laling'ono mwendo kapena thunthu la nyama yopanda chitetezo ingawopseze ndi imfa, pomwe veterinator amangofunika kuchiritsa chilondacho.
Kutalika kwa moyo kumadalira pazinthu zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ndi mtundu wanji womwe munthuyo amakhala, komwe amakhala, zomwe amadya, ndi chisamaliro chotani chomwe amatenga. Njovu zaku Africa, zomwe zimakhala m'misasa, zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Amatha kumva bwino ali ndi zaka 80. Koma njovu zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango zimakhala zaka 10-15 zochepa, zaka 65-70 zokha.
Nthawi yomweyo, njovu yaku India yomwe ili ndi malo abwino okhala (mapaki adziko) ikuwonetsa chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo wazaka 55-60 zokha, pafupifupi zaka 20 poyerekeza ndi ku Africa. Koma ali kuthengo, njovu zotere sizikhala ndi moyo zaka 50.
Zakudya zabwino
Kuti idyetse wokondedwa wawo, njovu imayenera kupeza chakudya chake pafupifupi tsiku lonse. Ndipo mukusowa chakudya chambiri - mpaka makilogalamu 400 obiriwira tsiku limodzi.Njovu imatumiza chilichonse choyenera kudya ndi thunthu lake pakamwa - masamba, nthambi, zitsamba, zipatso za zitsamba ndi mitengo. Makamaka mwayi kwa njovu zomwe zimakhala mu ukapolo.
Kumeneko nyama zimadyetsedwa ndi msipu, tirigu, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Udzu umadya mpaka makilogalamu 20, ndipo zotsalazo zimawonjezeka ndi kabichi, kaloti, dzungu, zukini, maapulo amapatsidwa. Ngakhale pa "mkate waulere", njovu zimangoyendayenda kumaiko akunja akomweko kukadya masamba.
Ndizomvetsa chisoni, koma nthawi zambiri anthu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi njovu potumiza alendo kapena malo osungira zazing'ono amalola kuti nyamazi zizidyetsedwa chakudya chowopsa kwa iwo, mwachitsanzo maswiti. Izi ndizotsutsana motsutsana, koma makampani opanga zokopa alendo amatenga "chilichonse chomwe mungafune kuti mupeze ndalama zanu."
Kubereka
Amuna akafika zaka 14 (15), ndipo akazi atakwanitsa zaka 12-13, kutha msinkhu kumayamba. Zachidziwikire, uwu si m'badwo weniweni womwe umatsimikizira nthawi yogonana, ndipo zinthu zingapo zimathandizanso apa. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, kupezeka kwa madzi, thanzi la nyama inayake.
Koma ngati palibe zopinga, ndiye kuti mkaziyo amafika msinkhu "wachikondi" ndikuyamba kutulutsa fungo linalake, lomwe amuna amamupeza. Monga lamulo, pali amuna angapo. Koma mkazi ndiye amasankha zopambana. Izi zimawululidwa pomenya nkhondo zomwe "anyamata olimba mtima" adachita. Wopambana wa duel ngati ameneyu amakopeka ndi buthulo.
Zisangalalo zachikondi zimachitika kutali ndi ziweto. Kuphatikiza apo, wamwamuna, yemwe wachita kale zonse zomwe akuyenera kuchita, samasiya "wokondedwa" wake mwachangu. Kwa kanthawi adakali limodzi, akuyenda, kudyetsa, kusangalala m'madzi, kenako pokhapokha amasiyana - njovu imabwerera kubanja, ndipo njovu imachoka, osakumananso ndi "Juliet" wake kapena ana ake.
Mkazi amakhala ndi nthawi yofunika kwambiri pamoyo wake - mimba. Zimatenga nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi zaka ziwiri (miyezi 22-24). Chifukwa cha mawu amenewa, njovu nthawi zambiri zimaopsezedwa kuti zidzawonongedwa, chifukwa njovu imodzi imatha kuphedwa pakamphindi kakang'ono, ndipo zimatenga zaka ziwiri kuti ibweretse ng'ombe.
Pambuyo pokhala ndi pakati kwanthawi yayitali, mwana wakhanda mmodzi wamwamuna amabadwa. Nthawi zambiri, njovu ziwiri zimawonekera. Kuti ibereke, njovu imachoka pagulu la ziwetozo, koma imakhalapo imodzi yodziwa zambiri. Mayi amabwerera m'gulu lake ali ndi mwana wanjovu, yemwe amatha kuimirira ndi miyendo yake, amadziwa kumwa mkaka, ndipo amamatira mwamphamvu kumchira wa mayi ndi thunthu lake laling'ono.
Njovu ndi nyama, kotero mkazi amadyetsa mwana njovu ndi mkaka wake. Mwanayo azikhala m'gulu mpaka atakula. Ndipo, ngati uyu ndi wamwamuna, achoka, ayenda yekha kapena ali mgulu la amuna osungulumwa otere, koma njovu yaying'ono imakhalabe m'gulu la makolo kwa moyo wawo wonse.
Ubale wamunthu ndi njovu
Mwamunayo anali ataganiza kale izi Njovu ndi chiweto ndipo amaigwiritsa ntchito ngati wothandizira. Komabe, pazaka zonse zomwe njovu imakhala ndi anthu, sinasinthe mwanjira iliyonse. Ndipo zoweta sizimachitika pobweretsa njovu kuchokera kwa anthu oweta, koma pogwira njovu zakutchire - ndizotsika mtengo.
Njovu zakutchire sizitenga nthawi yayitali kuti munthu aphunzire, chifukwa zoweta izi sizimafuna khama. Zachidziwikire, mkazi wokwatiwa ndi wamwamuna, mimba yake imayembekezeredwa, samatengedwera kukagwira ntchito panthawiyi. Ndipo, popeza njovu imatha kugwira ntchito itakwanitsa zaka 20, palibe amene amafunitsitsa kudyetsa nyama yopanda ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndipo njovu, monga lamulo, zimagulitsidwa.
