Chodabwitsa kwambiri pakati pa zinyama ndi nyama zosadya nyama. Amatha kutchedwa okondedwa aku America, chifukwa chakuti zosowa izi zimafalikira kunyumba. Chiwerengero cha anthu sichikusiyana mosiyanasiyana mitundu.
Alipo atatu okha, koma pali ma subspecies pang'ono, koma enanso pansipa. Nyama yokhala ndi mawonekedwe oseketsa kwambiri, imakopa alendo. Ndizosangalatsa osati kunja kokha. Kukula kwake, moyo wake, zomwe amadya, momwe zimaberekera ndizosangalatsa, ndipo lero mupeza za izi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe a anteater
Wodya nyerere (lat. Myrmecophaga tridactyla) kuchokera pamalopo modabwitsa. Maonekedwe a nyama yachilendo ndiwachilendo kwambiri. Poyerekeza mophiphiritsa, tiyeni tikukumbutseni kuti armadillos, ma sloth, ochokera pagulu lomwelo, omwe mawonekedwe awo ndi mchira wautali, lilime ndi miyendo yolimba, chifukwa chomwe nyamayo imadutsa mosavuta pamitengo.
Chakudya chimenechi ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumafika masentimita 130. Pali zitsanzo zazikulu - mpaka 2 mita, ndipo pafupifupi theka lake limagwera mchira wake. Wodya nyama akulemera makilogalamu 30 mpaka 40. Koma m'gululi mulinso oimira amfupi, osapitilira masentimita 20 komanso osaposa magalamu 400 kulemera.
Mfundo yosangalatsa ndi kapangidwe ka mutu. Ndiwotalika kwambiri, uli ndi maso awiri ang'onoang'ono, kutalika kwake ndi 1/3 ya kutalika konse kwa thupi. Ngati nyama zina zili ndi nsagwada ziwiri zolimba, ndiye kuti mu anteat zimasakanikirana ndipo zilibe mano. Ndipo chifukwa chiyani iwo, potengera moyo wake ndi momwe amadyera, safuna mano.
Mbali inayi, nyamayo imanyadira lilime lake lalitali komanso lamphamvu, lomwe limafikira kutalika kwa mita 0,6, ndiye woyimira wamkulu kwambiri. Chilankhulochi chimapangitsa kukhala buku la Guinness Book of Records, popeza kulibenso eni ake kukula kotere.
Yatsani lilime losadya pali ma villi ambiri olimba, chifukwa chake amakhala olimba, ndipo kunyowetsa ndi malovu ambiri kumawapangitsanso kukhala omata. Mutu uli ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono ndi maso awiri. Nawu nkhope yotsogola yotereyi.
Chinyamacho chili ndi mapawiri awiri amphaka zamphamvu, kumapeto kwake ndi zikhadabo zazitali komanso zamphamvu zofanana ndi ma sloth. Zikhadabo za ku miyendo yakumbuyo ndizofuperako pang'ono kuposa zam'mbuyo. Chikhadabo chilichonse chimakhala pafupifupi masentimita 10. Wodyerayo amatha kumva fungo komanso kumva. Ndiyamika maluso amenewa, iye mosavuta kupeza chakudya, komanso pogona kwa mdani.
Chosangalatsanso ndichakuti mchira wa chilombo. Anapatsidwa kwa iye kuti azitha kudutsa pamitengo. Mchira ukhoza kukhala wautali masentimita 90. Mtunduwo ndi wabulauni ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Chovalacho ndi cholimba kwambiri, chofanana ndi nkhuku. Chivundikirocho ndi chachifupi pamutu kuposa kumbuyo. Kumbuyo, kutalika kwa tsitsilo kumakhala mpaka 25 cm, ndipo mchira mpaka 40 cm.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Wodya nyama ndi nyama yaku America. Mutha kukomana naye kumadera akumwera kwa South America. Malo achilengedwe ndi nkhalango yamvula yotentha yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira.
Koma ena akhoza kuchita bwino popanda nkhalango, kukhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi madera oyandikira. Amakonda malo ofunda, chifukwa chake sakonda madera akumpoto. Malo owonera amakhala m'chilengedwe, ndikukhala ndi moyo wosiyana:
- nyama zapansi zomwe sizingakwere mitengo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu;
- arboreal, amakonda kukhala pamitengo yokha, monga lamulo, awa ndi ochepa;
- arborore arboreal okhala ndi zala zinayi, kutsogolera moyo wolumikizana.
Ntchito yama Mamalia imayamba madzulo. Amakonda malo opanda anthu. Zimphona zimayendayenda pofunafuna chakudya masana, komanso m'malo omwe kulibe anthu. Amagona tsiku lonse, pafupifupi maola 16 patsiku.
Zikhadabo zazitali zimalepheretsa anthu akulu kuyenda, motero amawakhotetsa mkati ndikuponda panja pa mwendo. Kusuntha phazi kumapazi, amafanana ndi chimbalangondo. Misomali ndiyofunikira pokhapokha kuwononga nyerere zazikulu, komanso kumenyana ndi adani. Zinyumba zina zimatha kusambira, komanso kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, ngati palibe choopsa chilichonse chomwe chimachitika m'madzi.
Wodya nyerere ngakhale pachithunzichi amawoneka ngati nyama yokoma mtima. Mwachilengedwe, ndimtendere kwambiri ndipo samayambitsa mantha, ndichifukwa chake adayamba kuyimitsidwa ndi anthu. Ndi chiyani? Zachilendo chabe. Nyamazo zimagwirizana bwino ndi ziweto zina, kusewera ndi ana.
Kusunga malo owonera kunyumba ndizovuta. Samalola nyengo yozizira. Zima zodyera - chodabwitsa chosadziwika. Monga mukudziwa, palibe nyengo yozizira koteroko kumadera otentha. Kutentha kokwanira komwe amakhala omasuka ndi madigiri 24.
Mitundu
Chiwerengero cha malo ochitira masewerawa sichambiri. Pali mitundu yochepa chabe m'chilengedwe.
Chinyama chachikulu... Zimphona nthawi zambiri zimakhala pansi ndipo sizimasinthidwa kukwera mitengo. Awa ndi omwe akuyimira kukula kwa nyama. Kutalika, amatha kufikira mamita 1.5, koma izi sizilingalira kukula kwa mchira. Ngati ayesedwa kwathunthu, kuyambira pamphuno mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira, kutalika kwake kumakhala pafupifupi mita zitatu.
Zimphona zimakonda kusaka tizilombo usiku. Nthawi ya ntchito mpaka maola 8. Nthawi yotsala yomwe nyama zodyera zimagona. Amagona pansi pa mitengo, muudzu wandiweyani, potero amabisalira adani.
Chiwombankhanga cha Pygmy... Midget uyu amakhala m'malo otentha a ku South America. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwake, imakwera mitengo bwino kwambiri komanso mwachangu kwambiri. Ngati zimphona sizichepera, ndiye kuti amphaka ndi nyama zothamanga kwambiri. Amagona pamitengo yokha, kubisala m'masamba obiriwira.
Kutalika kwa nyerere yaying'ono mpaka 40 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi magalamu 400. Nyama izi ndi zofiirira zokhala ndi golide. Khungu pamapazi amiyendo ndi lofiira. Mphuno ndi yochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zitsanzo zapadziko lapansi.
Mini-anteater ili ndi mchira wotsogola kwambiri, womwe umagwira ngati njira yoyendera. Amapinda bwino mphete, kukulunga nthambi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo. Kumchira kumawonjezeredwa minofu yakutsogolo yolimba kwambiri ndi zikhadabo zazitali. Pali mitundu yokhayo, popeza malo owonera ochepa amakhala osungulumwa m'moyo.
Tamandua (Chinyama chamiyendo inayi). Tamandua, kapena mwanjira ina nyama yakudya yaku Mexico, ndiye pakati pakati pa chimphona ndi chimfichi. Makulidwe ake:
- kutalika kwa thupi 55-90 cm;
- kulemera pafupifupi 4.5-5 makilogalamu;
- mchira kutalika 90 cm.
Mbali yapadera ya tamandua ndikumva kukwiya ndi mawonekedwe ofooka. Kutsegula pakamwa ndikopapatiza, kokwanira kuti lilime lilowemo. Mchira ndi wotsogola komanso wautali, wopanda tsitsi. Nyamayi ya ku Mexico ili ndi zikhadabo 4 kumiyendo yakutsogolo.
Mwa mitundu yonse, tamandua ndi nyama yonunkha. Fungo ndilofunika kuti awopsyeze adani. Mtundu wa Mexico ndiwosangalatsa. Chovalacho chimakhala chachikaso chofiyira, ndipo kumbuyo ndi pamimba malayawo ndi amdima wakuda.
Chiwombankhanga cha Marsupial kapena nambat. Dzina lina ndi lodya tsekwe. Osati nyama yayikulu kwambiri, mpaka kutalika mpaka 40 cm ndi mchira.Nambat imalemera pafupifupi 0,5 kg. Mwa nyama zotere, wamkazi amakhala wocheperapo kuposa wamwamuna. Nthumwi iyi ya malo owonera malo amawoneka osiyana pang'ono. Maso ake ndi akulu, kutalika kwa lilime lake ndi 10 cm yokha.
Mutu wokulirapo uli ndi makutu awiri osongoka. Mchira wake ndi wautali komanso wokutidwa kwambiri ndi ubweya, wosakhazikika komanso wotukuka kuposa wa malo ena oimba. Nambat ili ndi zala zisanu kumiyendo yakutsogolo, ndi 4 yakumiyendo miyendo yakumbuyo.
Malo okhala nyama zamtunduwu ndi Australia. Mbali ya nyama iyi ndi kupezeka kwa mano ang'onoang'ono. Chifukwa chakuti nyerere ndi chiswe ndizokoma kwambiri, nyamayo imalumikizidwa ndi gulu la malo obisalira.
Anawo amaswa pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Makanda amanyamulidwa pamimba pa mayi, kumamatira ku nsonga zamabele. Zonse pamodzi, pali ana kuyambira 2 mpaka 4 mu zinyalala. Kutalika kwa moyo wa malo odyerawa kumakhala zaka 6.
Zakudya zabwino
Wodya nyama amakhala ndi moyo m'malo omwe muli zomera zambiri, chifukwa chake tizilombo. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nyerere ndi chiswe zili ndi mapiko zimakhala chakudya cha nyama, ndi mitundu yawo yaying'ono kwambiri, chifukwa chakusowa mano. Nyamayo imameza nyerere zonse. Imatha kuyamwa tizilombo tofika 30,000 patsiku. Chifukwa chake dzina la nyamayo.
Atapeza nyumba ya tizilombo, mothandizidwa ndi zikono zakutsogolo, amawononga. Tizilombo tikathawa, lilime lomata limayamba kuligwira. Nyerere zimadyedwa. Osadandaula kudya madera a njuchi, omwe amapezeka mumitengo. Koma chakudya chokoma ngati ichi chimangokondedwa ndikungokwera malo ochitira zazing'ono.
Ngati masana nyamayo sinathe kupeza nyerere, ndiye kuti mphutsi zofewa zamitundumitundu zamtundu uliwonse zomwe zimapezeka mumitengo yakale, pansi, muudzu zimathanso kugwira. Pakumeza tizilombo, nyama yolusa imayesetsa kuti iziphwanye kumwamba. Kuti chimbudzi chikhale chokwanira, nyamayo imanyambita mchenga wabwino ndi miyala, yomwe kenako imapukusa chakudya m'mimba.
Malo okhala chilombo chimodzi ndi ochepa. Amatha kuyendayenda mtunda waufupi, chifukwa chake amafunafuna chakudya pafupi ndi 1 km. Ngati chakudya ndichosooka, ndiye kuti amakulitsa gawo lawo mpaka 2-3 km.
Titha kuwona chithunzi: chimphona choyendayenda mutu wake utatsitsidwa nthawi zonse, kumanunkhiza china chake, kutuluka ndikulemba lilime lake lalitali. Mphuno zawo zazitali zimakhala ngati choyeretsa chomwe chimayamwa china chake. Nyamayo ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa chake, ikamapita, imapotolokera patchire lakale, kuyesera kuti ipeze mulu wina wa chiswe.
Pakudya chakudya chamadzulo, lilime la woimba nyama imeneyi limayenda mokhazikika. Amatha kupanga magalimoto 160 pamphindi, kunyambita chakudya panjira. Wodyerayo adayamba kuyambitsa matezi, choncho pamwamba pa lilime nthawi zonse amakhala wothinitsidwa nawo.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Malo obisalira amatenga zibwenzi kawiri pachaka: nthawi yophukira komanso masika. Kutalika kwa mimba, kutengera mitundu, kumakhala pakati pa miyezi 3 mpaka 6. Nyama yobadwa kumeneyi ndi yamphala, nthawi yomweyo imakwera pamsana pa mayi ndikupitilira kukula kwake pamenepo.
Osati akazi okha omwe amatenga nawo gawo polera ana awo, koma abambo nthawi zina amawanyamula pamsana pawo. Ndizosangalatsa kuti nyama sizimasiya ana awo, koma zimawatenga kufikira pakati. Malo ocheperako ocheperako amayenda pamiyendo ya makolo mpaka mwezi umodzi, pambuyo pake amayamba kuyenda, koma moyang'aniridwa ndi amayi awo. Ana amakhala ndi makolo mpaka zaka ziwiri.
Mwezi woyamba wamoyo wamwana Nyamayi yachikazi imadyetsa ndikumenyedwa kwake, pokhapokha atakwanitsa mwezi umodzi, amayamba kunyambita okha nyerere zazing'ono. Kukula msinkhu kumachitika zaka 2 zakubadwa. Nthawi zambiri malo odyetserako ziweto amakhala okha, ndipo pokhapokha atakwatirana amadzisankhira wachiwiri.
Pafupipafupi, malo ochitira zisangalalo zazikulu amakhala zaka 15, ndipo tamandua, ngati malo ochitira zisangalalo zazing'ono, mpaka zaka 9. Mosakayikira, kutalika kwa munthu aliyense kumatengera kupezeka kwa adani oyandikira omwe angawononge nyamayo.
Adani a chilombo
Ndani angatchedwe mdani wazinyama? Nyama zazikulu zakutchire zitha kuvulazidwa ndi ma jaguar, mikango. Koma kwa amphakawo, bwalo la adaniwo limakula. Amatha kuyembekezera zoopsa osati amphaka okhawo, komanso mbalame zazikulu (chiwombankhanga), njoka zapoizoni.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, nyama zazing'ono, pozindikira zoopsa, zimayimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, ndipo kutsogolo kumayikika patsogolo, patsogolo pa mphuno, ndikufalitsa zikhadabo zawo zazitali zakuthwa. Ndipo tamandua kwa ichi, nawonso amaphukira ndi fungo. Nyama zazikulu zakutchire zimathawa ndi zikhadabo zazitali. Kukwapula kamodzi kuchokera pagulu lalikulu kokwanira kupha galu.
Nyama yoteteza nyama kotentha kukhala okha. Nthawi zambiri amatsegulidwa usiku, amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokha ndi mazira awo. Kubwezeretsa mavitamini osowa, amatha kudya zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Atakwanitsa zaka ziwiri, amatha msinkhu ndipo nyengo yokhwima imayamba.
Amayi okwatirana kawiri pachaka. Makolo amanyamula mwana wawo mpaka zaka ziwiri, osamusiya kwa mphindi. Pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mwana wachiwiri, woyamba amayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha, womwe umakhala mpaka zaka 15, kutengera mtundu wa nyama.
