Collie Ndi imodzi mwamagulu okongola kwambiri agalu. Imayimira chovala chake chonyezimira komanso chowoneka bwino. Amakonda galu, amasewera naye, amamuwonetsa m'mafilimu komanso pamawonetsero apadziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake chodziwika?
Aliyense amadziwa galu uyu ngati Lassie, heroine wa imodzi mwamakanema odziwika kwambiri pabanja azaka za m'ma 90. Ku kanema galu wa collie yadzikhazikitsa yokha ngati bwenzi lokhulupirika ndi bwenzi lodalirika. Amathandizira anthu munjira iliyonse, chifukwa mwana aliyense yemwe adawonera kanemayo adalota kuti akhale mwini wake.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mtunduwo unkatengedwa kukayang'anira nkhosa m'mafamu. Chiwawa ndi collie ndizosemphana, komabe, mimbulu sinayambanepo ndi maiko a ambuye omwe amatetezedwa ndi agalu akuluwa, chifukwa amawaopa.
Poyamba, onse oimira mtunduwo anali amdima. Amakhulupirira kuti kwawo ndi Scotland. Mitunduyi inafalikira ku Europe chifukwa cha mafuko osamukira ku Scottish omwe adabwera ku England. Chifukwa cha kusankha, ma collies opepuka adawonekera, omwe amaposa makolo awo kukula ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Galu wamtundu uwu ndi m'busa wabwino kwambiri. Chaka chilichonse, obereketsa collie amayesetsa kukulitsa luso lawo poweta ndi kuweta ziweto. Koma kodi pakufunika izi? Nyama izi zimadziwa bwino, udindo umakhala nawo kuyambira kubadwa.
Dzina lachiwiri la Collie ndi Agalu aku Scottish Shepherd. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 2000, mtunduwu unabwera ku America. Pafupifupi mayiko onse, adakondedwa, osati alimi okha. Anthu anazindikira mwachangu kuti galu wamkulu uyu wokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali anali wokoma mtima modabwitsa komanso wokhulupirika. Zinali izi zomwe zidalola collie kukhala nyenyezi yaku kanema. Masiku ano, ndi amodzi mwamitundu yofunidwa kwambiri m'mafilimu.
Maonekedwe odabwitsa ndi kukhulupirika sizinthu zonse zabwino za galu. Ali ndi chibadwa chabwino kwambiri, chomwe chidamupangitsa kuti azigwiriridwa ndi apolisi. Kapangidwe kameneka nthawi zonse kamagwiritsa ntchito agalu kufunafuna mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kutsata zigawenga, ndi zina zotero Collie wadzionetsa ngati injini yosaka agalu.
Amanena kuti ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira. Pali milandu yambiri yodziwika bwino yanyama iyi nyama isanachitike tsoka lalikulu, mwachitsanzo, imfa ya wachibale. Akatswiri ena agalu amakhulupirira kuti nkhawa yomwe collie amakhala nayo ndi chizindikiro chodziwitsa zomwe zachitika. Ndizovuta kunena kuti izi ndi zoona kapena ayi.
Lero collie ndiye wokondedwa m'mabanja ambiri. Ndiwokhulupirika, wochezeka komanso wansanje. Mtunduwo uli ndi mwayi wina - kuthekera kwakukulu kophunzitsira. Kulera galu wotere ndikosavuta komanso kosangalatsa. Ndiwofuna kudziwa zambiri komanso womvera.
Chiwerengero cha ziweto
Collie pachithunzichi akuwonetsedwa ngati onyada komanso odziyimira pawokha. M'malo mwake, awa ndi malingaliro osocheretsa. Chikhalidwe chabwino ndichikhalidwe cha mtundu uwu. Awa ndi agalu akulu, omwe kukula kwawo kumapitilira masentimita 60. Makola azimayi amafupikitsa pang'ono, mpaka 57 cm kutalika. Amalemera osapitirira 37 kg. Galu atakhuta mopitirira muyeso, amataya ukadaulo woweta ziweto.
Pakamwa pakamwa pake pamakhala patali. Pamapeto pake pali mphuno yayikulu yakuda. Maso ali okhazikika. Thupi la collie lili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi galu wosaka greyhound. Ndi wowonda komanso wamtali. Komabe, chifukwa chovala chovala chachitali, ndizosatheka kuzindikira kuwonda kwa galu. Zikuwoneka zodzaza ndi zazikulu.
Collie amaluma bwino. Ngakhale kulibe mphamvu zolimbana, pali mano akuthwa mkamwa mwa galu. Makutu ake ndi ochepa, osapanganika.
Tiyeneranso kuzindikira mayendedwe a nyama. Collie amayenda bwino komanso mokoma ngati kuti akuyandama pamadzi. Ali ndi khosi lalitali lomwe nthawi zonse amakoka akamayenda. Kuwona izi, mutha kuganiza kuti galu akusungika bwino.
"Khadi loyendera" la mtunduwo ndi tsitsi lalitali. Ndi wowala komanso wowala. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ana amakonda makola. Amakonda kusisita agaluwa, akusangalala ndi ubweya wosalala, wokongola.
Khalidwe
Kwa nthawi yayitali, anthu samalumikizana ndi nyama zokongolazi, ndikuwapatsa ntchito yaubusa. Masiku ano, ma collies samakonda kusamalira ziweto, chifukwa amathera nthawi yawo yonse pafupi ndi nyumba.
Kukonda anthu kumaonekera pachilichonse. Agalu amakonda kusewera masewera ndi eni ake, amalandira zikwapu kuchokera kwa iwo ndikuchita nawo mitundu ina yopumula. Chikhalidwe chabwino ndichikhalidwe cha collie. Agaluwa sangakhale osungulumwa, chifukwa amalumikizana kwambiri ndi mamembala am'banja.
Collie samasankha m'modzi m'modzi, momwe angafunire, mofananamo, kuti azilemekeza aliyense amene amakhala pafupi. Uwu ndi umodzi mwamitundu yomwe imakonda ana.
Collies amakulolani kuti muchite chilichonse chomwe mungafune ndi iye - kugona pafupi ndi iye, kudzikwirira muubweya, kukhudza pakamwa, ndi zina zotero. Nyama izi sizinkawonetsapo zaukali kwa ana a eni ake, chifukwa zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi iwo.
Khalidwe lina la galu ndikumvetsetsa. Collie amamva nthawi zonse pamene mwini wake wakwiya kapena wasokonezeka. Nthawi yomweyo, amayesetsa munjira iliyonse kuti amusangalatse, ngakhale atakhala nawo banal. Momwemonso, anthu akakhala okondwa, galu amayesa kugawana nawo izi ndikuyamba kusangalala.
Collies ndi anzeru, otakataka komanso othamanga kwambiri. Popeza magazi a m'busa wamiyendo inayi amayenda m'magazi awo, amafunika kulimbitsa thupi. Ngati munthu sakhala ndi agalu amenewa, ndiye kuti amasowa kwawo. Kusamalira anthu ndizomwe ziweto zonse, makamaka agalu, amafunikira.
Ngati simunakonzekere kupereka maola opitilira atatu patsiku kwa collie, simuyenera kugula imodzi. Ngakhale amakonda anthu, ma collies sangayime maphwando aphokoso komanso otanganidwa. Alendo akawonekera m'dera lawo, nyama sizimawatsutsa, koma zimachoka.
Zikatero, amadikirira moleza mtima anthu osawadziwa kuti achoke panyumba pawo.Collie mtundu abwino kwa mabanja akulu omwe ali ndi ana ang'onoang'ono. Galu ndi wophunzitsidwa bwino ndipo sangakhale cholemetsa pabanja.
Mitundu
Collie ndi mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa galu woweta. Obereketsa sanabereke mtundu umodzi wa izo. Iliyonse ya iwo ndichindunji pamakhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe. Woimira ambiri amtunduwu ndi Rough Collie kapena Scottish Shepherd. Pali mitundu itatu ya malaya ake:
1. Marble. Mthunzi wolemera kwambiri. Thupi la galu limayang'aniridwa ndimayendedwe oyera-imvi ndi matte sheen wabuluu.
2. Sable. Mtundu wofala kwambiri. Galu akhoza kukhala wofiira, beige kapena mchenga. Kwa anthu ena, nsonga za tsitsi lalitali zimakhala ndi utoto wakuda.
3. Mitundu itatu. Makola okongola kwambiri. Matupi awo ndi thunzi ndi opepuka, ndipo msana ndi miyendo yawo ndi yakuda.
Palinso agalu atsitsi lalifupi pakati pawo. Agalu ena abusa ndi awa:
- Malire a Collie. Dziko lakwawo ndi Scotland. Cholinga cha mtunduwo ndikadyetsa ziweto, makamaka nkhosa. Mtundu wa ubweyawo ndi wosiyana: kuchokera kumchenga mpaka wakuda. Makulidwe ali pafupifupi. Pali oimira tsitsi lalitali komanso lalifupi.
- Ndevu zamtundu. Mbali yapadera ya galu ndi kupirira modabwitsa. Samatopa kawirikawiri popeza ali ndi thupi lamphamvu komanso thanzi labwino. Khalidwe la nyama ndilabwino komanso limasinthasintha.
- Sheltie. Kope lochepetsedwa la Scottish Shepherd. Galu wokongola yemwe kulemera kwake sikupitirira 8-10 kg. Zikuwoneka ngati chidole cha mwana wamtengo wapatali.
Palinso mitundu ina yamtunduwu: Welsh Shepherd, Blue Lacey, Aussie, ndi zina zambiri.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chinthu chachikulu, kusamalira chiweto chotere sikophweka. Ngati izi zikuwopsyezani, ndiye kuti ndibwino kukana kugula. Chovala chachitali chasiliva ndi mphatso yawo ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, temberero. Ikusokonezeka nthawi zonse ndi kuipitsidwa. Mwini galu wotere amayenera kupesa chovala chake pafupipafupi.
Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutenga chisa ndi mano atali, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zisa wamba za anthu. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti udzu wam'misewu kapena, mwachitsanzo, zikwama zamkati zimakodwa ndi ubweya wa collie. Pankhaniyi, zidzakhala zovuta kuwachotsa ndi chisa. Chifukwa chake, timalimbikitsa kudula "tsamba lowonongeka" ndi lumo. Zachidziwikire, ngati burdock yotsatira ubweya ikhoza kuchotsedwa ndi chisa, ndikofunikira kuyesa.
Kenako, kusambira. Ngati simusamalira ubweya wautali wa galu, umayamba kununkhiza kosasangalatsa. Koma, woweta agalu aliyense amadziwa kuti nthawi zambiri sizingatheke kupaka khungu la galu ndi shampu. Chifukwa chake, tengani chiweto chanu chamiyendo inayi chopukutira, chomwe, nthawi ndi nthawi, mudzachipukuta.
Pofuna kuteteza chiweto cha khungu kuti chisamve ngati "galu", pewani chopukutira ndikupukuta ziwalo zonse za thupi la nyama, kuphatikizapo miyendo. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuchotsa fumbi ndi dothi pa malayawo. Tsopano za makutu. Ngakhale adakhala ochepa mu ma collies, amafunikirabe kusamalidwa.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuthira ubweya wa thonje m'madzi ofunda, kenako ndikuchotsa phula m'makutu nalo. Osamangobaya swab m'makutu agalu anu, chifukwa izi zimamupweteka.
Tikukulangizani kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muziyang'ana malo omwe ali pansi pa mchira wa nyamayo kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chotenga tiziromboti. Komanso, kusamalira mwadongosolo collie kuyenera kuphatikizapo kuwunika momwe malaya ake ndi khungu lake zilili. Galu sayenera kukhala ndi utitiri kapena nyongolotsi. Ngati majeremusi awa alipo, njira zochiritsira ziyenera kuchitidwa.
Zakudya zabwino
Collies, monga agalu onse, amakonda kudya. Sasiya chakudya chouma kapena kagawo ka keke ya chitumbuwa. Komabe, mwini chiweto chotere ayenera kukonzekera bwino mndandanda wake.
Kumbukirani! Mwana wagalu wamtundu uliwonse amadyetsedwa kasanu patsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Kupereka chakudya chochuluka kwa galu wamng'ono ndikotsutsana. Kupanda kutero, ntchito yam'mimba mwake imasokonekera.
Ndibwino kuti mupatse ana agalu zachilengedwe: nyama ya kalulu, mkaka wa ng'ombe, msuzi, msuzi, mbatata yosenda, zipatso, tchizi, ndi zina. Zakudya zake ziyenera kukhala zoyenera. Ndikofunika kuti chinyama pang'onopang'ono chimange minofu.
Msana wake uyenera kukhala wolimba. Kudya zakudya zokhala ndi calcium yambiri, monga tchizi wolimba ndi kanyumba tchizi, kumathandiza kuti zizikhala choncho. Mndandanda wa mbale zomwe siziyenera kuperekedwa ku ma collies:
- Pasitala wokhala ndi tsabola.
- Msuzi wamafuta.
- Nyama theka-yomalizidwa mankhwala.
- Zamzitini nsomba.
- Maswiti, kuphatikizapo chokoleti.
Galu akamakula, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chake cha tsiku ndi tsiku kumachepetsedwa mpaka 2-3. Collie wamkulu amatha kudyetsedwa chakudya chowuma, komabe, zakudya zachilengedwe zimakupatsirani thanzi. Kuti chovala cha nyama chisatayike mwachilengedwe, chakudya chake chiyenera kukhala ndi:
- Zinthu zophika monga mkate wa rye.
- Mbatata yophika.
- Buckwheat / mapira.
- Mafupa a nkhuku a Sinewy (osati akuthwa).
- Nsomba yotsamira.
Ngati mukupatsa nsomba kapena nyama yanu, onetsetsani kuti mulibe mafupa ang'onoang'ono omwe angavulaze khosi lake.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Tikulimbikitsidwa kulukidwa ndi miyala yoyera yokha, yomwe magawo ake amatsata kwathunthu. Sayenera kukhala ochepera zaka 2-2.5. Chofunikira chachitatu ndikuti sungakwatirane ndi galu ngati ali olimba mtima.
Okonzeka kutengeka kuti aswane, Collie ndi wodekha, wosachita zankhanza komanso womvera. Ngati galu amangokhalira kukuwa ndi kuda nkhawa popanda chifukwa, simuyenera kufunafuna mnzanu woti mukwatirane naye mpaka mkhalidwe wamaganizidwe ake utakhazikika.
Estrus woyamba wokhala ndi mtundu uwu amachitika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Nthawi imeneyi, amayamba kukwiya kwambiri. Nyama imatha kuyamba kubangula anthu odutsa ndikukana kucheza nawo.
Zimakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri kufunafuna bwenzi loti akwatirane naye pano. Chifukwa chake ndi kusakhwima kwakuthupi. Galu wachichepere wopanda mphamvu sangabereke ana athanzi. Zofunika! Kulumikiza agalu kumachitika kokha m'dera lamphongo.
Pakadutsa sabata limodzi kuchokera pomwe estrus adayamba, hule imatha kutsogozedwa kwa yamphongo. Pamsonkhano woyamba ndi iye, amatha kuwonetsa kusakondana. Koma, zitatha kununkhiza kwanthawi yayitali, nyama ziziwonetserana chidwi.
Makola azaka zopitilira 6 siabwino kukwatira. Chizindikiro choyera cha mimba ya galu chikuzungulira pamimba. Adzabala ana osapitirira masiku 73. Zinyalala imodzi imatha kukhala ndi ana agalu 1 mpaka 8. Mutha kuyamwitsa amayi awo pasanathe miyezi iwiri.
Akatswiri ena oweta agalu amati galu amakhala wathanzi kwambiri ngati atadyetsedwa mkaka wa m'mawere kwa miyezi itatu. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, collie amakhala zaka zosachepera 13.
Mtengo
Collie ana wosewera kwambiri komanso wosangalala. Mutha kugula ku Russia mdera lililonse. Pali njira ziwiri zogulira galu: m khola kapena kwa woweta. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake. Mukapita ku nazale ya nyama, mumalandira chitsimikizo kuti ikutsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Komabe, mtengo wa galu udzakhala wokwera. Mtengo wa Collie ndi pedigree - kuyambira 20 mpaka 25 zikwi. Ngati mukufuna kusunga ndalama, mutha kupita kwa woweta payekha kuti akatenge galu. Koma musathamangire kugula! Choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa ngati mukuchita ndi munthu wowona mtima kapena ndi munthu yemwe angayese kukugulitsani nyumba yosalala yamadzi, ndikuyiyika ngati collie wangwiro.
Galu "wolondola" wamtunduwu amakhala ndi malaya okongola ataliatali okutira thupi lowonda. Miyendo ya nyama ndi yocheperako komanso yopyapyala, thupi ndilotakata, mphukira ndi yayitali. Kumbukirani kuti mtunduwo uli ndi mitundu itatu: sable, marble kapena tricolor.
Palibe njira zina. Palibe mabulosi ofiira, oyera kapena oyera. Mukawona mwana wagalu m'manyansi, mukudziwa, akuyesera kukupusitsani. Mutha kugula mwana wagalu wamtunduwu kuchokera kwa woweta, wopanda kholo, kwa ma ruble 5-10 zikwi.
Maphunziro ndi maphunziro
Collie socialization sayenera kukhala vuto. Mtundu uwu ndi wangwiro kwa oweta agalu oyamba kumene. Ndiwanzeru komanso womvera, motero amaphunzitsidwa mosavuta. Mamembala onse anyumba akhoza kutenga nawo mbali polera bwenzi lamiyendo inayi.
Nyamayo iyenera kumvetsetsa kuti, ngakhale onse m'banjamo amamukonda, sangathe kukhala naye limodzi. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Malamulo amayenera kukhazikitsidwa kwa munthu ndi galu. Kusapezeka kwawo kumatha kubweretsa kusayendetsa galu.
Collie wokhala mumalo okhala ololera amakhala vuto lalikulu m'banja. Ndi galu wamkulu komanso wokangalika yemwe, posamvera, amatha kutenga mbale patebulo, kuwononga zinthu ndikudumphira anthu omwe amabwera mnyumbamo.
Pofuna kupewa izi, munthu ayenera kugwira ntchito yophunzitsa kuyambira masiku oyamba okhala mnyumbamo. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiwone malamulo oyambira kucheza ndi agalu:
- Ayenera kudziwa dzina lake ndikubwera kwa munthu koyamba. Kuti muchite izi, bwerezani dzina lake kwa mwana wagalu kangapo patsiku. Chifukwa chake azikumbukira.
- Galu sayenera kupemphapempha chakudya banja lili mgonero. Ngati akukwanira, muyenera kumulozera pamalopo.
- "Pita kwanu" ndi limodzi mwa malamulo oyambira pomwe galu woweta ayenera kudziwa. Ngati mukufuna kuchotsa kuchipinda, muyenera kungonena mawuwa.
- Aliyense atha kuphunzitsa collie kugwirana kapena kugona pansi. Ndi mtundu waluntha kwambiri wodziwika bwino pakuphunzira bwino. Timalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito tchizi kapena chakudya ngati mphotho.
- Musalole kuti galu wamkulu wofewa akwere pazipando zanu, chifukwa, choyamba, zimamuwononga, ndipo chachiwiri, amasiya ubweya wake pamenepo, ndikupangitsa kuti kuyeretsa kukhale kovuta.
- Collie sangayime kukhala yekha, koma nthawi zina amayenera kukhala kunyumba yekha. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti timuphunzitse kuchita izi kuyambira ali mwana. Osamvera chisoni galu ngati akuyembekezera kupatukana ndi banja ndikuyamba kulira.Mpatseni mpata wothana ndi mavuto payekha. Mukamachoka, nenani: "Dikirani." Pambuyo pake, nyamayo idzagwirizanitsa mawuwa ndi kubwera kwa munthu ndipo idzaleka kuopa kupatukana komwe kukubwera.
Makola ena amalumikizana kwambiri ndi anthu kotero kuti amawadalira pamaganizidwe. Amayesetsa kukhala pafupi nthawi zonse, kusamalira mamembala. Koyamba, izi zimawoneka zokongola, komabe, malingaliro a nyama yotere kwa anthu ndi matenda.
Pali milandu yambiri yodziwika ya njala ya njala yomwe imatha kupatukana ndi mwini wake. Izi sizachilendo. Chifukwa chake, pokhudzana ndi munthu ndi chiweto chake chamiyendo inayi, payenera kukhala malamulo. Ndikofunikira kuti galu azikuwona ngati mtsogoleri. Pokhapokha ngati iye ayamba kukhulupirira ndikumvetsera.
Osamuwonetsa ulamuliro wanu mokakamiza. Collie wanyumba sangalekerere kumenyedwa. Kuwonongeratu chidaliro cha galu, ndikokwanira kukweza dzanja lanu kamodzi.
Njira yachikale yosonyezera kuti muli wopambana ndi nyama ndiyo kupezeka pakudya. Dzazani mbale ya collie ndikumuitanira iye. Musachotse dzanja lanu m'mbale kuti nyamayo izindikire kuti mukufuna chakudya chomwe mudamupatsa.
Mukamva galu akubangula, musamulalikire. Izi ndi zachilengedwe. Yesani kuchiritsa nyamayo kuti idye, monga chidutswa cha nyama. Chifukwa chake athe kukuphatikizani osati pachiwopsezo, koma ndi chakudya chokoma. Kuti apulumutse collie kuuma, muyenera kusewera naye. Amafuna katundu wambiri kuti akhalebe wathanzi komanso wowoneka bwino.
Ngati pali mwayi wodziwitsa galu wachinyamata wachinyamata kwa galu wina, onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito. Akatswiri amati ziweto za munthu ziyenera kulankhulana ndi mtundu wawo. Izi ziwathandiza kuti asataye luso lawo ndikukhala bwino pamikhalidwe iliyonse.
Osatuluka ndi collie kupita kuderalo, komwe angakakonde gulu la agalu osochera. Ndi bwino kusankha mapiri omasuka oyenda, komwe mungathamange kapena kusewera.
Mukamaphunzira collie, muyenera kukhala oleza mtima. Nthawi zina agaluwa amakhala ouma khosi, odzipatula okha. Poterepa, sayenera kulangidwa, koma chidwi. Limbikitsani galu wanu kuti aziphunzitsa ndi mankhwala kapena kutikita minofu.
Zaumoyo
Collie ndi galu wathanzi wopanda zolakwika zamtundu uliwonse. Komabe, ngakhale amatha kudwala. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti udindo wathanzi la galu umakhala ndi mwini wake. Amayenera kukonza mndandanda wazinyama, kuwonetsa adotolo, kupereka mankhwala a majeremusi ndikuwasamalira.
Ngati galu amadya zakudya zomwe zatsala pang'ono kumaliza, chokoleti kapena zakudya zina kuchokera pamndandanda "woletsedwa", mamina am'mimba amayamba kutupa. Izi zidzatsogolera ku gastritis. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa agalu amakana kudya.
Makola ena samalekerera bwino mankhwala, chifukwa chake musawalembere nokha.
Oimira amtunduwu amakonda kukhala ndi zovuta m'maso. Ndikofunika kupukuta nkhope ya collie pafupipafupi ndi ubweya wonyowa wa thonje kapena nsalu. Mukawona kuwawa pa mucosa ya diso la galu, nadzatsuka ndi madzi.
Onetsetsani kuti mumayang'ana thupi la galu wanu ngati ali ndi tiziromboti. Ngati amakhala mumsewu, m'pofunika kumupatsa mankhwala a mphutsi, nkhupakupa ndi utitiri kawiri pachaka. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa osati ngati mankhwala okha, komanso zodzitetezera.
