Mbalame ya ku Australia yotchedwa emu ndi mbadwa yakomweko yomwe ili kumtunda, ndipo ndi khadi lokaona zinyama zakudzikoli. Apaulendo aku Europe adayamba kuwona cholengedwa chamiyendo yayitali m'zaka za zana la 17. Mbalamezi zinadabwa ndi kaonekedwe komanso zizolowezi zawo zachilendo. Chidwi cha ma emus aku Australia chimathandizidwa ndi zomwe apeza zatsopano pakufufuza mbalame.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Dzinalo lochokera ku Chipwitikizi, Chiarabu limamasuliridwa kuti "mbalame yayikulu". Emu nthiwatiwa pa chithunzichi Zikuwoneka ngati cassowary pazifukwa. Kwa nthawi yayitali idakhala pakati pa nthiwatiwa wamba, koma mgulu losinthidwa, kutengera kafukufuku waposachedwa wazaka zapitazi, zosintha zidapangidwa - mbalameyo idapatsidwa gawo la cassowary, ngakhale kuphatikiza kwachikhalidwe Nthiwatiwa Emu ikupitilizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu ndi zasayansi. Mosiyana ndi cassowary, korona wobadwa nawo samatuluka pamutu.
Maonekedwe a emu ndiopadera, ngakhale pali kufanana ndi cassowary, nthiwatiwa. Kukula kwa mbalame mpaka 2 m, kulemera kwa 45-60 kg - zisonyezo za mbalame yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Akazi ndi ovuta kusiyanitsa ndi amuna, mtundu wawo ndi wofanana - pali kusiyana pang'ono pakukula, mawonekedwe amawu. Zimakhala zovuta kuwonetseratu kugonana kwa mbalameyi.
Emu ali ndi thupi lolimba komanso lolimba ndi mchira wonyamira. Mutu wawung'ono pakhosi lotambalala ndi wabuluu wotumbululuka. Maso ake ndi ozungulira mozungulira. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ali ofanana kukula kwa ubongo wa mbalameyi. Nsidze zazitali zimapangitsa kuti mbalameyi iwoneke yapadera.
Ndalamayi ndi ya pinki, yopindika pang'ono. Mbalameyi ilibe mano. Mtundu wa nthengawo umayambira pakati paimvi yakuda mpaka kumiyala yakuda-bulauni, yomwe imalola mbalameyo kukhala yosawonekera pakati pa zomera ngakhale kuti ndi yayikulu. Kumva ndi kuwona kwa emu kumapangidwa bwino. Kwa mazana angapo a mamita, amawona adani, amamva zoopsa kutali.
Miyendo ndi yamphamvu kwambiri - liwiro la nthiwatiwa emu ukufika 50-60 km / h. Kugundana nawo ndikowopsa ndikuvulala koopsa. Gawo limodzi la mbalameyi lalitali masentimita 275, koma limatha kukwera mpaka mametala 3. Zitolizo zomwe zidagwedezeka zimakhala ngati chitetezo cha emu.
Mwendo uliwonse wa emu uli ndi zala zitatu za phalanx, zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi nthiwatiwa zala ziwiri. Kulibe nthenga kumapazi anga. Mapazi pa mapadi ofiira, ofewa. M'makola okhala ndi miyendo yolimba, amatha kuwononga ngakhale mpanda wachitsulo.
Chifukwa cha miyendo yawo yolimba, mbalame zimayenda maulendo ataliatali ndipo zimakhala moyo wosamukasamuka. Ziphuphu ndi chida choopsa cha mbalame, zomwe zimapweteketsa ena, ngakhale kupha omwe akuwaukira. Mapiko a mbalameyo sanachite bwino - emu sangathe kuuluka.
Kutalika kosaposa masentimita 20, maupangiri ndi zophuka zomwe zikufanana ndi zikhadabo. Nthenga zimakhala zofewa. Mpweyawo umateteza mbalameyo kuti isatenthedwe kwambiri, choncho imu imakhalabe yogwira ngakhale masana kutentha. Chifukwa cha nthenga, anthu aku Australia amatha kupirira kutentha kosiyanasiyana. Mbalameyi imatha kukupiza mapiko ake pogwira ntchito.
Chodabwitsa chokhudza emu ndikumatha kusambira bwino. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina zam'madzi Nthiwatiwa Emu amatha kusambira kuwoloka mtsinje wawung'ono. Mbalame imangokonda kukhala m'madzi. Mawu a Nthiwatiwa akuphatikiza mawu akung'ung'udza, ng'oma, kufuula mokweza. Mbalame zimamveka kutali 2 km.
Anthu amderali amasaka emu kuti apeze nyama, khungu, nthenga, makamaka mafuta amtengo wapatali, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta ofunikira, anali gawo la utoto wazodzikongoletsa pamiyambo. Zodzikongoletsera zamakono zimaphatikizapo emu mafuta pokonzekera kukonzekera khungu, kukonzanso kwake.
Mitundu
Magulu amakono amasiyanitsa magawo atatu a anthu aku Australia:
- Woodward, akukhala kumpoto kwa dziko. Mtunduwo ndi wotuwa;
- Rothschild amakhala mdera lakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Australia. Mtunduwo ndi wakuda bulauni;
- Nthiwatiwa zatsopano zaku Dutch zomwe zimakhala kumwera chakum'mawa. Nthengawo ndi wakuda-wakuda.
Chisokonezo chosakhalitsa pakati pa emu ndi nthiwatiwa za ku Africa chikupitilira chifukwa chofananira. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo:
- m'litali mwa khosi - nthiwatiwa ndi theka la mita;
- mu kapangidwe ka anatomical ka paws - emu ndi zala zitatu, nthiwatiwa ndi ziwiri;
- pakuwoneka kwa mazira - mu emu ndi ocheperako, olemera ndi buluu.
Nthiwatiwa za ku Africa, emu ku Australia kuli mbalame zosiyanasiyana.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mbalame zazikuluzikulu ndi nzika zoyambirira zaku Australia, chilumba cha Tasmania. Amakonda masaka, osati malo okhala kwambiri, malo otseguka. Mbalame zimadziwika ndi moyo wokhazikika, ngakhale kumadzulo kwa kontrakitala amasamukira kumpoto kumpoto mchilimwe komanso zigawo zakumwera nthawi yachisanu.
Pali emu nthiwatiwa Nthawi zambiri amakhala okha. Kuphatikiza emu muwiri, gulu la anthu 5-7, ndichinthu chosowa, chongopeka nthawi zosamukasamuka, kufunafuna chakudya mwachangu. Sizachilendo kuti azisochera pagulu.
Alimi amasaka mbalame ngati asonkhana ambiri ndikuwononga ndikuponda mbewu, kuwononga mphukira. Pomwe "ikusambira" panthaka, mchenga, mbalameyi imayenda ndi mapiko ake, monga nthawi yosambira. Mbalame zamtchire zimakhala m'malo omwe mitengo idadulidwa ndipo imapezeka m'misewu.
Mbalame zazikuluzikulu sizikhala ndi adani, choncho sizibisala m'minda yayikulu. Masomphenya abwino amawalola kuthawa pakagwa ngozi mwachangu mpaka 65 km / h. Adani a emu ndi adani odyetsa nthenga - ziwombankhanga, nkhwangwa. Agalu a Dingo amalimbana ndi mbalame zazikulu, ndipo nkhandwe zimaba mazira m'zisa zawo.
Emus amakonda malo opanda anthu, ngakhale samawopa munthu, amazolowera msanga. M'minda ya emu, palibe zovuta kusunga. Emu ndi mbalamekusinthidwa bwino ndimikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha. Chimphona cha ku Australia chimalekerera kuziziritsa mpaka -20 ° С, kutentha kwa chilimwe mpaka 40 ° С.
Mbalamezi zimagwira ntchito masana, pomwe emu amagona usiku. Mpumulo umayambira dzuwa litalowa, nthiwatiwa imagona tulo tofa nato, ikukhala pamapazi ake. Chilimbikitso chilichonse chimasokoneza zina zonse. Usiku, emu amadzuka mphindi 90-100 zilizonse. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimagona mpaka maola 7 patsiku.
Chifukwa cha chidwi chochuluka cha mbalame, minda yapadera yopangira mafakitale a zimphona zazikulu zakhala zikupezeka ku China, Canada, USA, ndi Russia. Amasinthasintha bwino kumadera ozizira komanso ozizira.
Zakudya zabwino
Zakudya zama emus ku Australia zimakhazikitsidwa ndi chakudya chomera, komanso ma cassowaries okhudzana nawo. Chigawo cha nyama sichipezeka pang'ono. Mbalame zimadyetsa makamaka m'mawa. Chidwi chawo chimakopeka ndi mphukira zazing'ono, mizu yazomera, udzu, tirigu. Kuukira mbalame pa mbewu zokolola kumawononga alimi, omwe samangothamangitsa akuba okhala ndi nthenga, komanso amawombera alendo omwe sanaitanidwe.
Pofunafuna chakudya, nthiwatiwa za emu zimayenda ulendo wautali. Amasangalala ndi masamba, mbewu, zipatso, amakonda zipatso zowutsa mudyo. Mbalame zimasowa madzi, zimayenera kumwa kamodzi pa tsiku. Ngati ali pafupi ndi dziwe, amapita kumalo okuthirira kangapo patsiku.
Emus waku Australia alibe mano, monga nthiwatiwa zaku Africa, kotero kuti apititse patsogolo chimbudzi, mbalame zimameza miyala yaying'ono, mchenga, ngakhale zidutswa zagalasi, kuti mothandizidwa ndi chakudya chomezedwa chitha kuphwanyidwa. M'minda yazapadera, gawo lofunikira chimbudzi chapamwamba limaphatikizidwanso ku chakudya cha mbalame.
Kudyetsa mu ukapolo mchilimwe kumakhala ndi chisakanizo cha tirigu ndi udzu, ndipo nthawi yozizira chimapangidwa ndi udzu wokhala ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera. Chikondi cha Emus chimamera mbewu, oats wobiriwira, cranberries, ndi nyemba. Mbalamezi zimadya buledi, kaloti, nandolo, zipolopolo, keke, beets, mbatata, ndi anyezi.
Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nthiwatiwa zaku Australia nthawi zina zimasaka nyama zazing'ono; m'mazenera, zimasakanizidwa ndi chakudya cha mafupa, nyama, mazira a nkhuku kuthana ndi kusowa kwa chakudya cha nyama.
Kuchuluka kwa chakudya patsiku pafupifupi 1.5 kg. Simungathe kugonjetsedwa ndi zimphona za nthenga. Madzi ayenera kupezeka nthawi zonse, ngakhale mbalame zimatha kukhala opanda madziwo kwakanthawi. Zakudya za anapiye ndizosiyana. Tizilombo, makoswe osiyanasiyana, abuluzi, ndi mbozi zimakhala chakudya chachikulu cha nyama zazing'ono.
Mpaka miyezi isanu ndi itatu, kukula kwa ma emus kumafuna chakudya chama protein. Kulakalaka kwambiri kumakuthandizani kunenepa msanga. Ngati atabadwa zinyenyeswazi zimangolemera 500 g, ndiye kuti chaka choyamba cha moyo zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa ndi anthu akuluakulu.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Mbalame zimakula msinkhu pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. Kuyambira msinkhu uwu, akazi amayamba kuikira mazira. Mwachilengedwe, nyengo yokwatirana imachitika mu Disembala-Januware, mu ukapolo pambuyo pake - mkati mwa masika.
Pa nthawi ya chibwenzi, kusankha wokwatirana naye, nthiwatiwa zaku Australia zimavina mwamwambo. Ngati munthawi yovuta kumakhala kovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi, ndiye kuti munyengo yokhwima ndiyosavuta kudziwa kuti ndi ndani mwamakhalidwe. Nthenga za akazi zimakhala zakuda, madera opanda khungu pafupi ndi maso, mulomo umakhala wakuda kwambiri.
Emu dzira la nthiwatiwa
Mwamuna amanyengerera mkazi ndi mawu ofanana ndi mluzu wotsika. Chidwi chimafanana pamasewera akulumikizana, mbalame zikaima moyang'anizana, kutsitsa mitu yawo pansi, zimayamba kuzisunthira pamwamba panthaka. Kenako chachimuna chimatengera chachikazi kupita kuchisa, komwe adadzimangira. Ili ndi dzenje, momwe pansi pake pamakhala ndi nthambi, khungwa, masamba, udzu.
Kukula kwakukulu kwa ntchito yolumikiza kumachitika m'nyengo yozizira yaku Australia - Meyi, Juni. Emus ndi mitala, ngakhale pali zitsanzo za mgwirizano wokhazikika ndi mkazi m'modzi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, nkhondo yofuna wokwatirana imachitika makamaka pakati pa akazi, omwe ndi ankhanza kwambiri. Kumenyera chidwi champhongo pakati pa akazi kumatha kukhala maola angapo.
Mazira amaikidwa pakadutsa masiku 1-3. Akazi angapo amaikira mazira pachisa chimodzi, mazira 7-8 iliyonse. Ponseponse, pali mazira akulu 25 okwanira obiriwira obiriwira kapena amdima wabuluu mu clutch, mosiyana ndi mazira oyera a nthiwatiwa. Chipolopolocho ndi cholimba, chakuda. Aliyense dzira la nthiwatiwa Imalemera 700-900 g Poyerekeza ndi nkhuku, imachulukanso kawiri kuposa ma voliyumu.
Pambuyo pophulika, zazikazi zimachoka pachisa, ndipo yamwamuna imayamba kusungunuka, kenako ndikulera ana. Nthawi yosakaniza imatha pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Wamphongo amadya ndikumwa pang'ono kwambiri panthawiyi. Amasiya chisa osapitirira maola 4-5 patsiku. Kulemera kwake kwamphongo kumafika makilogalamu 15. Mazirawo amasintha pang'onopang'ono mtundu, kukhala wakuda ndi wofiirira.
Emu anapiye
Anapiye oswedwa mpaka masentimita 12 amakhala otakataka ndipo amakula mwachangu. Zotsekera zokometsera zimatha pang'onopang'ono mpaka miyezi itatu. Yaimuna yoteteza ana ndi yaukali kwambiri poteteza anapiye. Ndi kukankha, amatha kuthyola mafupa a munthu kapena a nyama. Bambo wachikondi amabweretsa chakudya kwa anapiye, ndipo amakhala nawo nthawi zonse kwa miyezi 5-7.
Nthawi ya moyo wa zimphona zaku Australia ndi zaka 10-20. Mbalame zimafa msanga, zimagwidwa ndi adani kapena anthu. Anthu omwe amakhala mu ukapolo adakhala akatswiri pazaka 28-30. Mutha kuwona mbalame yaku Australia osati kwawo kokha. Pali malo ambiri odyetserako ziweto ndi malo osungira nyama komwe emu ndiolandilidwa.
