Mbalame yomwe imadziwika bwino ikuseka, yogwirizana ndi zizindikilo zambiri zamtunduwu, idamveka kwa aliyense m'nkhalango, paki kapena m'mundamo. Dzinalo la mbalame ndi onomatopoeia ya nyimbo yomwe imakonda kubwerezedwa kangapo.
M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, nkhaka amatchedwa amayi oyipa omwe amasiyira ana awo alendo kuti awalere. Dzinalo, lomwe lakhala dzina lanyumba, limalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera polera ana. Koma si mitundu yonse ya nkhaka zomwe ndizofanana, machitidwe awo sayenera kuwunikiridwa mosiyanasiyana.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Olemba akale anali oyamba kufotokoza kufanana kwa zizindikilo zakunja kwa cuckoo ndi hawk. Aristotle anagwirizanitsa kufanana ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti cholengedwa chofuna kubadwanso chimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri. Asayansi akuwona mawonekedwe am'mutu, nthenga ndi kuthawa komwe mbalame zimakonda.
Kukula kwa mbalame ndikofanana ndi njiwa yaying'ono. Kutalika ndi masentimita 33-34, kulemera kwa 100-180 g, mapiko a mapiko 56-65 cm cuckoo pachithunzichi ikuwonetsa zomangamanga zokongola. Mchira wautali woboola pakati, mapiko amfupi amalola kuyenda bwino m'nkhalango.
Liti cuckoo atakhala, miyendo yaifupi ndi pafupifupi yosaoneka. Monga odulira mitengo, dongosolo la zala: ziwiri kutsogolo, ziwiri kumbuyo, - zimakupatsani mwayi wokhazikika, koma zimalepheretsa kuyenda pamtunda wopingasa.
Mlomo wa cuckoo ndi wakuda, wokhala ndi chikasu pang'ono chikasu pansipa. Kuzungulira maso pali mphete yachikopa yowala lalanje.
Mtundu wa cuckoos wamba umakhala wakuda kwambiri ndi phulusa. Mimba ndi yopepuka, yokhala ndi chingwe chachitsulo chosunthika. Miyendo ya mbalame nthawi zonse imakhala yachikasu. Kusiyana kwakugonana kumakhala kosawoneka, koma nthawi zina pamakhala akazi ofiira oyera okhala ndi mizere yopingasa.
Ma Juveniles nthawi zonse amakhala amitundu yambiri, amawoneka ofiira-ofiira-ofiira, okhala ndi mawanga oyera kumbuyo kwa mutu, omwe amatha mbalame zazikulu. Mbalamezi zimasungunuka kawiri pachaka. Kukonzanso pang'ono kwa nthenga kumachitika mchilimwe, ndipo kumaliza - m'nyengo yozizira.
Kutengera mtundu wa mbalame, utoto umasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, ma cuckoos amkuwa amakhala ndi mthunzi woyenera kubisala wodalirika. Cuckoo wagolide ali ndi nthenga zachikaso-beige zokhala ndi ma mdima akuda.
Mbalameyi imakhala moyo wachinsinsi, osawonetsa kupezeka kwake ndikumveka. Kupatula kwake ndi kasupe ndi theka loyamba la chilimwe, nthawi yakukhwimitsa imasinthitsa amuna kukhala oimba achisangalalo komanso omveka. Kuyimba mobwerezabwereza kuyitana "cuckoo" ndikulimbitsa pa syllable yoyamba kumakopa mkazi.
Mverani mawu amphaka
Masiku omveka liwu la chikuku akhoza kumveka patali makilomita awiri. Ngati mbalame ili yachisangalalo, ndiye kuti mamvekedwe omwe amawerengedwa amawoneka kuti akuphatikizana kukhala "ku-ku-ku-ku" kamodzi, kofanana ndi kukokera kapena kuseka. Mkazi amatulutsanso kulira kopatsa chidwi, kofanana ndi kaphokoso ka mphepo. Ngati mbalame zogwidwa zimatengedwa m'manja mwawo, ndiye zimalira mokweza.
Mitundu
Wamba cuckoo - mbalame otchuka kwambiri pakati pa abale ake, omwe alipo ambiri. Banja la cuckoo limaphatikizapo mbadwo 6 wa mbalame:
- zosiyana;
- kugwedezeka;
- kuthamanga;
- mphutsi;
- Wachimereka;
- zenizeni.
Mbalame zosiyanasiyana zimayimilidwa ndi mitundu 140 ya cuckoo, yosiyana kwambiri ndi inzake. Zosankha zamitundu zimawonekera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mbalame kumalo awo.
Nkhuku zamatchire. Thupi loonda, mchira wokulirapo, miyendo yolimba. Amakhala makamaka ku Central ndi South America. Anapiye a cuckoo amadzikweza okha, koma amathanso kuwonongeka, atayikira mazira zisa za mbalame zina.
Spur nkhaka. Chikhadabo chachikulu chala chamanthu chinapereka dzina lake ku mtundu womwe umakhala kumadera otentha ndi madera otentha. Kukula kwa mbalame ndikukula kwa khwangwala. Mtunduwo ndi wakuda-bulauni komanso wonyezimira wobiriwira. Chisa cha Cuckoo adzipange okha, kulera anapiye, kusinthana powasamalira.
Makoko othamanga (nthaka). Amakhala ku Western Hemisphere. Kawirikawiri imakwera mumlengalenga, yomwe imapezeka mumisewu. Mitundu yamizere, cholumikizira pamwamba pamutu, khosi lalitali ndi mchira zimathandizira kuyendetsa kuthamanga, kutembenuka kwakuthwa. Pakulera ana, cuckoo ndi tiziromboti.
Ophwanya Maphokoso. Yemwe akuyimira kwambiri ndi mphutsi za Brazil. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku kontinenti yaku America kufupi ndi msipu, komwe kumapezedwa chakudya cha tiziromboti. Chili ndi mlomo waung'ono wamphamvu, wophwatalala m'mbali mwake.
Mphutsi za Cuckoo ani
Makoko aku America. Amasiyana kukula, koma onse ali ndi michira yayitali, miyendo yolimba, mawonekedwe okongola. Ntchitoyi nthawi zambiri imapangidwa yakuda ndi yoyera. Amamanga zisa zawo, osasokoneza alendo.
Makoko enieni. Amagawidwa ku Eurasia nthawi yachilimwe ndi chilimwe. Nyengo yozizira imachitika ku Africa. Mitundu ya Bristly, yoyera mutu, yoyera, yayikulu, ma drongoid ndi mitundu ina ndi iyi ya gulu lalikulu.
Ambiri mwa iwo ndi wamba cuckoo. Ndi mbalame yanji kuchokera pamtunduwu amawotcha kuposa ena, ndizovuta kudziwa, koma onse amaponyera mazira zisa za mbalame zina.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mbalame zasankha malo ambiri omwe amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula ku Antarctica ndi Antarctica. Cuckoos afalikira ambiri ku America ndi ku Eurasia.
Mbalame zimakopeka ndi nyengo yotentha komanso madera okhala ndi nkhalango zowirira kwambiri. Sakonda nkhalango zowirira ndi nkhalango zosadutsika za zomera zakuda za coniferous. M'nkhalango zambiri zazing'ono, mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imatha kukhala pamwamba pamitengo, ndi ochepa okha omwe adakhazikika m'nkhalango. Evolution yasintha pang'onopang'ono mbalame kutsegulira malo.
Dziwani cuckoo osamukira kapena ayi, mutha kumalo ake okonzera mazira. Mitundu yomwe imaswa amwana m'malo otentha imawuluka nthawi yozizira ku Africa, China, India. Mbalame za kumpoto kwa America zimasamukira ku Argentina.
Pakati paulendo wapaulendo wanyengo, ma cuckoos amatenga makilomita opitilira 3,000 osapuma; mtunda wonse kuchokera kumalo opangira zisa umafika makilomita 6,000. Kulondola kusamuka kuli kovuta chifukwa chobisika kwa mbalame. Nkhuku sizisochera pagulu.
Amawuluka pang'onopang'ono, kupulumutsa mphamvu. Nthawi yozizira kumadera akumwera imakhala pafupifupi miyezi itatu. M'madera otentha cuckoo - mbalame yozizira, kungokhala.
Ngakhale kufalikira kwa nkhaka, ndizovuta kuziwona. Amakhala moyo wosungulumwa, nthawi yokha yobereka imawakopa. Mbalamezi zimadziwa bwino nkhalangoyo komanso mbalame zomwe zimakhalamo. Kafukufuku wamderali amayesedwa mahekitala.
Monga tiziromboti kukaikira mazira chodabwitsa mbalame cuckoo amasankha makolo olera ana awo. Mitundu yambirimbiri ya mbalame idakhala oteteza motsutsana ndi chifuniro chawo. Cuckoo chomwe sichimavutikira kumanga chisa kapena zovuta za anapiye oyamwitsa. Sizinangochitika mwangozi kuti dzina la mbalameyi lasandulika dzina la omwe amakhala amayi omwe adasiya ana awo.
Mwa mitundu yambiri, pali nkhaka zambiri zotentha zomwe zimatha kudyetsa ndikulera ana. Chifukwa chake, mbalame zonse siziyenera kuonedwa ngati majeremusi. Kupindulitsa kwa mbalame ndi kuwononga nkhalango ndi minda kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mbozi.
Zakudya zabwino
Zakudya zamakungu omnivorous ambiri amakhala ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, komanso amaphatikiza zakudya zamasamba. Ngakhale kuti ndi yaing'ono, mbalamezi zimakhala zolimba kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta ochepera, omwe amafunikira maulendo ataliatali nthawi yachisanu.
Chakudya chomwe ndimakonda chimakhala ndi ziwala, ma fillies, kafadala, agulugufe, mbozi za kabichi, abuluzi ang'onoang'ono. Nkhuku zimadya udzudzu, nyerere ndi mazira a mbalame, zinkhanira, mphutsi za tizilombo, ndi mbozi zaubweya wakupha zomwe mbalame zina zimapewa. Kuchokera pachakudya chazomera, nkhaka zakutchire zimakonda zipatso.
Kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo tambiri ndi mbalame ndikofunikira kwambiri poteteza zachilengedwe. Ndi m'nyengo yokha yokha yomwe chilakolako cha nkhalango chimachepa. Moyo wa mbalame za Cuckoo ladzala ndi kufunafuna mwachangu mitundu iwiri kuti iswane.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kukhathamira kwamphongo kwaimuna kumayamba mu Epulo ndipo kumatha mpaka Ogasiti. Kutalika kwa nthawi yogona ndi chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwa nkhaka ndi mbalame zina, zomwe zimawonongeka ndi iwo. Werengani, momwe zisa za mbalame nkhaka zimayikira mazira, ikuwonetsa kuti mndandanda uli ndi mitundu osachepera 300.
Kusankha kumakonda kugwera pamitundu ing'onoing'ono ya mbalame: ngolo yoyera, chaffinch, warbler, flycatcher, redstartart, robin, kawu ka m'nkhalango, mbalame. Udindo wa chisa ndiwambiri. Zomwe zimakonda mbalame za ana oyamwitsa ndizo mawonekedwe a chisa, malo ake, ndi kudyetsa anapiye mwa kulowetsa chakudya mkamwa.
Cuckoo wamkulu amakumbukira makolo ake omulera ndipo amapeza malo obisalira malingana ndi machitidwe a awiriwa munyengo yokomana. Cuckoo wamphongo, ngati nkhwangwa, amazungulira chisa chosankhidwacho ndikukakamiza mbalameyo kuti ichoke.
Mkazi, wokonzeka kugona, amawongoleredwa m'masekondi 10-16, kusiya kwake ndikutenga dzira la wina, i.e. popanga cholowa m'malo.
Zimachitika kuti pali mazira omwe aswedwa kale mu clutch, cuckoo ilibe nthawi yokwanira yopanga mwana wosabadwayo. Kenako chachikazi chimadya chomata chonsecho kukakamiza awiriwo kuti akulere.
Pa nyengo yobereketsa nyengo mazira a cuckoo Amagwera zisa zosiyanasiyana, koma zimachitika kuti akazi osiyanasiyana amasintha m'malo amodzi. Kukula kwa mazira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa mbalame zomwe zikulera. Mitunduyi ndiyosiyanasiyana, utoto umatha kukhala woyera, wabuluu, wofiirira kapena wamawangamawanga.
Nthawi yosakaniza ndi masiku 11-12. Ngati mwana wankhuku akuwonekera koyambirira kuposa ziweto zina, ndiye kuti amapeza mwayi pakati pa ena polimbana ndi moyo. Khalidwe lakelo limangofuna kuthamangitsa mazira ndikutulutsa anapiye pachisa.
Ngakhale adakali wakhungu komanso wamaliseche, amakankhira anansi ake pachisa ndi nsana. Maonekedwe akuchuluka a nkhaka sizimasokoneza mayendedwe omwewo mpaka opikisanawo atathetsedwa.
Mitundu ina ya mbalame imazindikira mazira a anthu ena a tiziromboti, kuwachotsa. Koma palibe milandu yothana ndi mwana wankhuku yomwe idalembedwa. Nkhuku zimatulutsa chilimbikitso chofanana ndi cha anapiye makolo awo.
Kunyenga uku kumawathandiza kuti apulumuke. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, nkhuku zonse zimatha, patatha masiku 40, moyo wodziyimira payokha umayamba, pafupifupi zaka 10.
