Moyo wam'madzi wakhala chizindikiro cha Arctic yolimba. Chiphona chachikulu ndi chovuta kuchiphonya, chosavuta kuzizindikira ndi mano ake owopsa. Dzinalo la chinyama limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki - "kulendewera pamano." Kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, nyamayi ndiye nthumwi yayikulu kwambiri yama pinnipeds.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Nyama yam'nyanja ndiyodabwitsa kukula kwake. Ma walrus ambiri ndi a 3.5 mita kutalika, koma pali anthu omwe amafika mita 5. Akazi ndi otsika - 2.7-3.7 m.Misa ya zimphona ndi 1.5-2 matani. Walrus ndi wopepuka wachitatu kuposa wamphongo. Kulemera kwake, mikango yam'nyanja yomwe imakhala ku Antarctica imapikisana ndi ma walrus.
Mitembo yayikulu ya nyama imakutidwa ndi khungu lamakwinya ndi tsitsi lofiirira. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono amatha, achikulirewo ndi "amaliseche" kwathunthu. Kukula kwa khungu ndi masentimita 4-8, mafuta osanjikiza pansi pake ndi masentimita 15. Mchirawo umakhala ndi mawonekedwe achikale.
Mtundu wabulauni wa achinyamata umayamba kuzimiririka, utoto wa pinki umawonekera ukalamba. Walrus woyera - iyi si subspecies yosiyana, koma kanthawi kochepa kwa chinyama, pamene, posambira m'madzi oundana, mitsempha yamagazi pansi pa khungu ndiyopapatiza, yomwe imapereka kuwunika kwakukulu pamalingaliro.
Ngakhale anali ochuluka kwambiri, ma walrus ndi pulasitiki. Zipsepse zolimba sizisinthasintha. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yoyenda, motero nyama imayenda molimba mtima. Ma walrus amatha kuyenda mosiyana ndi zisindikizo zokwawa.
Mitsempha yotukuka ya nyama, yolowera pansi, ndiyodabwitsa. Iliyonse imalemera pafupifupi 3-4 kg, m'litali 60-80 cm. Walrus fang Amasewera pagulu - eni ake ndi omwe ali ndi awiri akulu kwambiri olamulira gululi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kothandiza kumadziwonetsera pankhondo ndi adani ndi omenyana nawo. Chithandizo chamazinyo chimathandiza nyamazo kuti zifike pamtunda kuchokera kubowo, kuti apange mabowo oyandama.
Mphuno ya walrus ili ndi ndevu. Pamlomo wokha pali ma setae 700 okha. Tsitsi lalitali kwambiri limathandiza ma walrus kupeza ma molluscs am'madzi.
Maso a nyama samasiyanitsidwa ndi kuwona kwakuthwa. Fungo labwino limathandiza kuyenda bwino m'madzi. Palibe maulendo. Matumba apakhosi apadera amalola chimphonacho kuti chisanduke choyandama kuti chikhale pamwamba pa dziwe. Atadzazidwa ndi mpweya, amatupa ngati mipira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama igone. Zikwama zapakhosi zimakhudzidwa ndikupanga mawu.
Moyo wa walrus, womwe umagonjetsedwa ndi nyengo zovuta za Arctic, umalumikizidwa ndi kusamuka pang'ono. Pofika nyengo yozizira, amasuntha kuchokera kumpoto chakumpoto kupita kugombe lakumwera kwa Alaska, kupita ku Peninsula ya Kamchatka.
Zinyama zakumpoto zomwe zakula kumpoto ndizochepa. Kukayika ngati zinapezeka walrus mu Red Book kapena ayi, osafunikira konse. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amamwalira chifukwa cha kupha nyama mwachisawawa chikukwera. Kutulutsa kwamalonda kwa nyama kuti apange zikopa, nyama, mafuta, zibambo kwakhala koletsedwa kwanthawi yayitali.
Kusodza kochepa kumaloledwa kwa anthu wamba omwe amakhala ndi moyo wosiyanasiyana wamtunduwu. M'madera akutali a arctic, kuwonjezera pa anthu, nyama yayikuluyo imakhala ndi adani achilengedwe - zimbalangondo zakumtunda ndi anangumi opha.
Omwe amakhudzidwa ndi zimbalangondo za polar ndianthu ofooka kapena ana a walrus omwe amapezeka pamtunda osasamaliridwa. M'nyanja, zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti chimbalangondo chizithana nawo. Ngakhale nyama yanjala siyingayerekeze kuukira walrus wolimba, kuti isadzakhale nawo nawo pankhondoyi.
Nthawi zambiri zimbalangondo zimagwiritsa ntchito machenjera kuti zigonjetse walrus wamphamvu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina amabzala mwamantha kuti azindikire ofooka komanso opunduka kuti apeze ndalama zosavuta. Ngati nyamazo modekha zimachoka pamalowo, ndiye kuti zimbalangondo zimasiyidwa zopanda nyama. Ma walrus atathamangira kwa chilombo choyera, amatha kubwerera osakondwa, podziwa kuti mabala a ziphona zam'nyanja amapha.
Njira yowoneka bwino kwambiri idawonedwa ndi a Eskimo. Luntha la chimbalangondo lidadziwonekera poti adapeza walusulo wogona ndikuponya ayezi pamutu pake. Sizinali zovuta kuti chilombocho chilimbane ndi nyamayo.
Pa intaneti mutha kupeza chithunzi cha walrus, atagona mwamtendere pafupi ndi chimbalangondo. Zinyama zodyetsedwa sizisonyeza kupsa mtima; zimakonda kuyang'anitsitsa omenyera nawo mpaka mwayi woyenera.
Kuopseza koopsa kwa ma walrus kumayimiriridwa ndi anamgumi opha, omwe amaposa misa ndi kukula kwake. Nsagwada zolimba, mano akuthwa ndi olimba kuposa mayitini amphamvu. Ankhandwe ambirimbiri amagwera m'mitsinje ya walrus kuti awuphwanye, ndipo pambuyo pake amaukira nyama zozungulira mwadongosolo. Walrus amapulumuka kokha pothawira kumtunda.
Mitundu
Pakati pa walrus, pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu - Pacific ndi Atlantic. Kudzipatula kwa Laptev walrus ndikutsutsana. Akatswiri, potengera kafukufuku wa DNA, amawona kuti ndi anthu akumadzulo kwa Pacific subspecies.
Oimira Pacific amakhala kumpoto kwa Far East. Ma walrus akuluakulu, olemera mpaka matani 2, amapezeka ku Chukchi, Bering Sea, pagombe la Kamchatka, Alaska. Chiwerengero cha anthu pafupifupi 200 zikwi.
Ma walrus aku Atlantic amapezeka kumpoto kwa Canada, kumadzulo kwa Russia Arctic, ku Greenland. Oimira subspecies muusodzi wosasamala adatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa. Walrus wa ku Atlantic yaying'ono kukula ndi nambala. Chiwerengero cha anthu sichiposa 20 anthu zikwi. The subspecies malinga ndi kuchepetsedwa ili mu Red Book.
Chiwerengero cha walaptus cha Laptev ndi anthu 5000 okha. Lili ndi dzina lokhala m'nyanja ya Laptev. Kukula kwa nyamazo kumakhala kwapakatikati - kochepera Pacific komanso kuposa Atlantic subspecies.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Moyo wa nyama zam'nyanja umalumikizidwa kwenikweni ndi magombe akumpoto a Europe, North America, Asia, ndi zilumba za Arctic. Amazungulira North Pole mu mphete, amakhala pafupi ndi gombe, amapewa malo otseguka, madzi oundana osatha.
Walrus amakhala m'malo osaya - malo abwino azinyama zotsogola. Mitundu ya walruses, chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chiwerengerochi, idagawika m'malo osiyana. Zosamukira kwakanthawi kumwera ndizochepa komanso zazifupi.
Walrus ndi nyama kusangalala. Zinyama zimapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu 10-20 omwe amaimira amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Palibe olamulira okhwima m'magulu, mamembala onse a ziweto amachita bwino. Amuna odziwa zambiri amasamalira bwino ana aang'ono popanda kuwonetsa nkhanza.
Zipinda zazikulu zazikulu zimakhala ndi magulu azinyama mazana angapo, nthawi zina masauzande, a walrus. Nyamazi zimakhala moyandikana. Kuchulukana kumapangidwa dala, osati chifukwa chosowa malo. Kulemera kwamoyo kumayenda chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa nyama kumadzi ndi kumbuyo. Anthu amakhala mwamtendere nthawi zambiri, ngakhale pamakhala mikangano nthawi zina.
Ma rookery ena onse amatetezedwa ndi alonda osinthana. Ngakhale nyama sizimatha kuwona, kununkhiza nthawi zonse kumapereka chidziwitso kuti munthu akuyandikira. Amalengeza zaopseza mwa kubangula, kunjenjemera wina ndi mnzake.
Kuuluka kwa nyama zikuluzikulu zam'madzi nthawi zina kumatha ndikufa kwa ana pakati pa matupi onenepa kwambiri. Ana omwe adakwanitsa kukwera pamsana pa amayi awo akudzipulumutsa okha. Nthawi zina mantha amaposa gulu la ziweto. Opunduka amakhala nyama yosavuta ya zimbalangondo. Ma walrus amabisala m'madzi, momwe amatha kukhala opanda mpweya kwa mphindi 10, koma amakhala okonzeka kusambira tsiku lonse.
Nyama zimasinthana kukhala m'nyanja ndikukhala kumtunda, komwe zimapuma pafupi ndi madzi. Amakwera matalala osalala, atatsamira mphalapala zazikulu. Amatha kugona paliponse, osamira chifukwa cha mafuta ochulukirapo. Nyama zimayenda ndikusaka ndi gulu lonselo. Kusagwirizana kumawonekera pothandizira, kuthandiza anthu ena.
Zakudya zabwino
Chakudya chachikulu cha walrus chimapezeka pansi panyanja - ndi lamellar-gill mollusks. Ma vibrissa osavuta pankhope ya nyama amathandizira kuti apeze pomwe ali. Ndi mano, zipsepse, mphutsi, nyama ikukoka amatsegula pansi pamatope, kumasula nthaka ndikukweza zipolopolo.
Amazipaka bwino ndi zipsepse zowoneka bwino kuti chipolopolocho chinyeke ndikukhazikika pansi. Chinyama chimameza thupi la nkhono limodzi ndi madzi. Kukhuta kumadza pamene chakudya chimakhala chosachepera 50 kg. Kutsegula kwa nthaka kumakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe - kumapangitsa kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino.
Ma Walrus samapanga madzi osambira mozama pofunafuna chakudya, amadya m'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, osapitilira 80 mita. Kudya kosavuta kumalola kuti nyama zazing'ono zizilemera msanga, mafuta osanjikiza omwe amateteza nyama ku hypothermia, amathandizira kukoka.
Walrus wam'nyanja Amadyetsa nyongolotsi pansi, nkhanu, nkhaka zam'madzi, nthawi zina nsomba, zowola, pomwe chakudya chokwanira sichokwanira. Nyama zanjala nthawi zina zimawombera zisindikizo, zisindikizo, narwhals, ngakhale izi sizomwe zimadyetsa. Kudya munthu si mkhalidwe wa nyama. Pakati pawo, ma walrus amakhala ndiubwenzi, amayimirira kuteteza abale awo, ndipo akazi amakhala okonzeka kudzipereka chifukwa cha ana awo. Ngati walrus amwalira, ndiye kuti akazi ena amasamalira anawo.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kukula msinkhu kumabwera msanga kwa akazi - amakhala okonzeka kukwatirana ali ndi zaka 4-6. Amuna okhwima motalikirapo, amayamba kuchita chidwi ndi ma walrus ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, koma amayamba kuswana pambuyo pake - ali ndi zaka 15. Maonekedwe a ana m'moyo wachikazi amapezeka nthawi zosintha zaka 3-4. Nthawi yokwanira imayamba mu Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi. Zinyama zogonana zimasintha machitidwe awo, ndikuwonetsa chidwi mwa amuna kapena akazi anzawo.
Amuna amtendere amakhala andewu pomenyera ufulu wa akazi. Pali ndewu pakati pa omenyera, koma popanda zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni. Nyama zimatha kuvulazana ndi mano awo. Khungu lakuda mpaka masentimita 3-4, mafuta osanjikiza amateteza ziwalo zamkati, motero ndewu za amuna sizikhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa. Walruses amapikisana osati ndi mphamvu zokha, komanso maluso amawu, kuyitanitsa akazi kuti akwatirane nawo opambana kwambiri. Maukwati amachitika m'madzi.
Kutalika kwakubala ana kumatenga masiku 330-370, kapena pafupifupi milungu 16. Amayi apakati samathamangitsidwa ndi amuna ena, amayenda mosadukiza. Pakapita nthawi, ng'ombe imodzi imabadwa, nthawi zambiri mapasa amabadwa. Kulemera kwa khanda kuli pafupifupi makilogalamu 60, kutalika kwa wakhanda ndi 1 mita. Mwana wamphongo amatha kusambira kuyambira pomwe adabadwa, chifukwa chake, zikawopsa, amasiya madzi oundana, amalowa m'madzi ndi amayi ake.
Kuyamwitsa mwana mkaka wa m'mawere kumatenga zaka 2, ngakhale kudyetsa kowonjezera ndi chakudya wamba kumayamba ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ana amayamba kudya okha pokhapokha mano atalimbikitsidwa. Pofika zaka zitatu, amakhala odziyimira pawokha. Kusamalira mwana wa ng'ombe sikuloleza akazi kuti apezenso ng'ombe ina kwakanthawi. Ma 5% a ma walrus okha amakhala ndi pakati chaka chamawa ngati ataya ana awo.
Gulu lonselo limasamalira ma walrus achichepere. Akazi modzifunira amabisa anawo ndi matupi awo, ngati ngozi yawopsa, ali okonzeka kufa, kuteteza ana. Mwana walrus Chitetezo ndi kupumula, imatha kukwera kumbuyo kwa munthu aliyense wamkulu, kumverera kuti ndiotetezeka.
Kumtchire, moyo wa walrus umakhala pafupifupi zaka 30-35. Walrus wakhala akukula kwa zaka 20. Pali anthu omwe amakhala ndi zaka zambiri ali ndi zaka 40. Mkhalidwe wovutikira wokhala ku Arctic, mawonekedwe owopsa a chilombo sanapangitse nyamayo kukhala yoopsa. Kuphunzira kwa walrus kumawonetsera modabwitsa komanso zogwirizana padziko lonse la nyama izi.
