Nyama yoyandikira kwambiri kwa anthu ndi chimpanzi. Mtundu wa chimpanzi ndi 98% wofanana ndi wa anthu. Mwa anyaniwa pali mitundu yodabwitsa ya ma bonobos. Asayansi ena afika pozindikira kuti ndendende chimpanzi ndi bonobos ndi "abale" apafupi kwambiri amtundu wa anthu, ngakhale lingaliro ili silinachirikizidwe ndi onse.
Nyani ya Bonobo M'malo mwake, imawoneka mofanana kwambiri ndi munthu. Ali ndi miyendo yayitali yofanana, makutu ang'onoang'ono, nkhope yowonekera pomphumi. Magazi awo amatha kuperekedwera munthu popanda kukonzedweratu koyambirira.
Pomwe magazi achimpanzi ayenera kuyamba kuchotsa ma antibodies. Maliseche ma bonobos achikazi kukhala ndi malo ofanana ndi akazi. Chifukwa chake, pamtundu wamtunduwu wa nyani, ndizotheka kutengera maso ndi maso, osati monga zikhalidwe za nyama zina zonse. Kwawonedwa kuti kukwatirana kwa bonobos Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi anthu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, amachita izi tsiku lililonse komanso kangapo patsiku. Pachifukwa ichi, amatchedwa anyani ogonana kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chifukwa ma bonobos achimuna ndi akazi, nawonso, kugonana ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'moyo. Amatha kuzichita kulikonse komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mwina ndichifukwa chake bonobos ochepa osatengera aliyense mwankhanza.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Maonekedwe a Bonobo amafanana ndi mawonekedwe a chimpanzi. Amasiyana pakachulukidwe ka thupi ndi khungu. Bonobos ali ndi khungu lakuda, pomwe anyani amakhala ndi pinki. Pamaso akuda a bonobos, milomo yofiira kwambiri imawonekera bwino. Ali ndi tsitsi lalitali komanso lakuda okhala ndi pakati pakati.
Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu kuposa akazi, izi zimawoneka chithunzi bonobos... Kulemera kwawo kumafika makilogalamu 44. Akazi amalemera pafupifupi 33 kg. Kutalika kwakanyama kwa nyama iyi kumafika masentimita 115. Chifukwa chake, mawu oti "dwarf" nyani, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku bonobos, sayenera kumvedwa kwenikweni.
Mutu wa nyama ndi waung'ono kukula ndi mizere yopanda mphamvu yopitilira muyeso ndi mphuno zazikulu. Mabere a bonobos achikazi amakula bwino kuposa omwe amaimira mitundu ina ya anyani. Thupi lonse la nyama limasiyanitsidwa ndi chisomo chonyamula ndi mapewa opapatiza, khosi lowonda ndi miyendo yayitali. Pali anyani ochepa kwambiri omwe atsalira m'chilengedwe.
Chiwerengero chawo pafupifupi 10 zikwi. Kumakhala anthu a bonobos m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha a Central Africa m'dera laling'ono pakati pa mitsinje ya Congo ndi Lualaba. Mitengo yamvula yonyowa m'mbali mwa Mtsinje wa Congo ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri nyaniyu. Pafupi ndi malire akum'mwera a malowa, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Kasai ndi Sunkuru, pomwe nkhalango yamvula imasandulika pang'onopang'ono kukhala nkhalango yayikulu, nyamayi imayamba kuchepa.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Khalidwe la ma bonobos ndilosiyana kwambiri ndi chimpanzi wamba. Sasaka limodzi, osasankha zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito nkhanza komanso nkhondo yoyambira. Ikakhala mu ukapolo, nyamayi imatha kugwira ntchito mosavuta ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Amasiyana ndi ma bonobos anzawo onse chifukwa chakuti m'mabanja mwawo mulibe udindo wokhala amuna, koma akazi. Mgwirizano wankhanza pakati pa amuna ndi akazi sichipezeka konse; Amuna amalumikizana ndi achinyamata komanso ana awo opanda zonena. Udindo wamwamuna umachokera kuudindo wa amayi ake.
Ngakhale kuti zogonana ndizoposa zonse kwa iwo, kuchuluka kwa kubereka sikokwanira. Asayansi ambiri amanena kuti bonobos amatha kudzipereka, chifundo, kumvera ena chisoni. Kukoma mtima, kuleza mtima komanso kuzindikira sizachilendo kwa iwo.
Kugonana kumachita gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wawo. Chifukwa chake, kulibe mtundu wankhanza m'magulu a bonobos. Nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi chibwenzi chimodzi. Asayansi akuganiza kuti jenda ndi zaka sizikhala ndi vuto lililonse pazochita zawo zakugonana. Kupatula okhawo ndi banja - mayi ndi mwana wamkulu. Sizovomerezeka kuti apange chikondi.
Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazogonana pakati pa amuna amtunduwu wa anyani. Pofuna kulankhulana, ma bonobos ali ndi machitidwe apadera amawu, omwe akatswiri amakedzana amayesabe kumvetsetsa. Ubongo wawo umapangidwa bwino mokwanira kuti athe kuzindikira maimidwe ena amawu.
Nyama izi zimayesetsa kupewa kukumana ndi anthu. Ngakhale pali nthawi zina pomwe amatha kuwonekera m'minda ngakhale m'mudzi. Koma malo oterewa ndi munthu ndi owopsa pamabonobos. Anthu amasaka nyama. Ndipo nthumwi za anthu ena m'midzi imeneyi amagwiritsa ntchito mafupa awo pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Amuna nthawi zonse amateteza ana awo molimba mtima kwa anthu opha nyama mosayenera, ndipo nthawi zambiri amafera m'manja mwawo. Ana a Bonobos amasakidwa nthawi zonse. Osaka nyama amawapeza ndi kuwagulitsa ndi ndalama zabwino kumalo osungira nyama.
Bonobos amakonda kubwereza
Koma mokulira, kuchuluka kwa ma bonobos kukucheperachepera chifukwa malo awo akuwonongedwa. Gawo lachitatu Ma bonobos aku Africa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha chiwonongeko. Chifukwa chake, padziko lonse lapansi pamakhala zionetsero zokomera kuteteza nyama zabwinozi. Anyaniwa ndi theka lapadziko lapansi, theka la arboreal.
Amathera nthawi yawo yambiri pansi. Koma nthawi zambiri amakwera mitengo. Amatha kuwonedwa pamalo okwera kwambiri, pafupifupi mita 50. Amamwa ndi "siponji". Kuti achite izi, amayenera kutafuna masamba angapo, kuwasandutsa mulu wa siponji. Pambuyo pake, amalowetsa chinkhupule ndi madzi ndikuchifinya pakamwa.
Bonobo amatha kudzipangira chida chosavuta kuzipangira. Mwachitsanzo, kuti apeze chiswe ndi kudya, ma bonobos amatsitsa ndodo mnyumba yawo, kenako amawutulutsa pamodzi ndi tizilombo. Pofuna kuthyola mtedza, nyamazi zimathandiza miyala iwiri.
Amakonda kugona muzisa zomwe amapanga ndi manja awo. Malo awo okonda kugona amagona chammbali ndi mawondo opindika. Nthawi zina amatha kugona chagada, akukanikiza miyendo yawo kumimba.
Mayi ndi mwana ma bonobos amatenga madzi akumwa
Bonobos amakonda kusamba madzi nthawi yotentha. Amatenganso chakudya chawo m'madzi. Anyaniwa sadziwa kusambira, chifukwa chake, kuti akhalebe pamadzi, amatsamira ndi ndodo motero amakhala olimba. Mayi wa ma bonobos amakhala ndi mwana kumbuyo kwake panthawi yamadzi.
Zakudya zabwino
Anyaniwa ndi omnivorous. Chopangira chachikulu cha chakudya chawo, chomwe amadya ma bonobos - zipatso. Kuphatikiza apo, amakonda masamba obiriwira, masamba ndi nyama zopanda mafupa. Gawo laling'ono la zakudya zawo limachokera ku chakudya cha nyama. Amatha kudya agologolo, antelopes ang'onoang'ono, mitundu ina ya anyani. Nthawi zina amadya anzawo. Mu 2008, panali chochitika chimodzi momwe mwana wamwamuna womwalirayo adadyedwa.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kukula msinkhu mwa akazi mwa nyama izi kumachitika ali ndi zaka 11. Ntchito yachonde imatha zaka 30. Amuna amakula msanga kuposa akazi - azaka 7-8. Kuyanjana pafupipafupi kwa nyama izi komanso malingaliro abwino pazakugonana sizimapereka zabwino zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa kuswana bonobos... Pafupifupi, mkazi amabala mwana kamodzi zaka zisanu zilizonse.
Chifukwa cha chonde chochepa chonchi, ma bonobos akucheperachepera. Mimba ya mkazi imakhala pafupifupi masiku 225. Ndiye mmodzi, nthawi zina ana awiri amabadwa. Kwa kanthawi, khanda limamatira ku ubweya womwe uli pachifuwa cha amayi awo. Pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, amasunthira kumbuyo kwake. Ngakhale ana azaka zinayi amayesetsa kuti azikhala pafupi ndi amayi awo. Nyama izi zimakhala zachilengedwe pafupifupi zaka 40, m'malo osungira amakhala zaka 60.
