M'nthawi zakale, kudera la Georgia wamakono, panali msonkhano wa nzika zakomweko ndi mbalame yodabwitsa. Chidwi pa izo chikupitirira mpaka lero. Tsopano pheasant - mbalame amaweta, odziwika m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi chifukwa chakuyambitsa, kapena kukhazikitsanso malo ena. Koma dzina lake, lokhazikika m'zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana, limawonetsa dziko lakwawo - mzinda wa Phasis m'mbali mwa mtsinje. Ku Georgia, mbalame yowala ndi chuma chamayiko.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Anthu a ku Caucasus fizanti malinga ndi mtunduwo waphatikizidwa mu dongosolo la nkhuku. Ndi chokulirapo kuposa kubadwa kwake. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 90 cm, kulemera 1.7 - 2.0 kg. Akazi sali ochuluka kuposa amuna.
Mchira wautali. Mapikowo ndi ozungulira. Amuna amakhala ndi ma spurs, amakhala ndi nthenga zowala nthawi zonse. Madera ozungulira maso ndi masaya amakhala achikopa. Nthawi yakwana yokwatirana, malo awa amakhala ofiira.
Male pheasant
Mtundu wamwamuna umakhala ndi mitundu yolemera, zojambulazo zimakhala ngati zidapangidwa ndi wojambula. Pheasant pachithunzichi ngati mbalame yamoto yamatsenga. Mawu akulu a nthengawo ndi ofiira achikasu. Mutuwu ndi wobiriwira buluu. Kumbuyo kwa mutu kumakongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zokhala ndi malire obiriwira.
Pansipa pali kujambula kwa buluu-violet. Imafanana ndi mawonekedwe owerengeka kutsogolo. Khosi, chifuwa chokhala ndi chitsulo. Mimba nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiirira. Miyendo, milomo ndi yotuwa-chikasu. Mtundu wamwamuna umasiyanasiyana ndi komwe amakhala. Subspecies amasiyana mthunzi mawonekedwe.
Chovala chachikazi ndichodzichepetsera kwambiri - chilengedwe chidawateteza kuti asawonedwe ndi adani kuti mwayi wobereka ana ukhale wokulirapo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyanika yakumbuyo kofiirira imasokoneza mbalamezo kumbuyo kwa zomera. Mlomo, miyendo ya akazi ndi yotuwa. Amachita kuswana mbalame zokongola m'makampani apadera a pheasantry, magawo ena othandizira. Pafupifupi mayiko 50 apeza nyama zodya nthenga kuti zitengere malo awo.
Mitundu
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pamitundu yadziko kumawonekera kukula ndi utoto. Mitundu yonse ya mbalame zokongola imagawidwa m'magulu awiri:
- pheasants wamba (aku Caucasus) - amaphatikiza ma subspecies 32 omwe ali oyenera kuswana kunyumba;
- chobiriwira (Chijapani) - chili ndi magawo asanu a mbalame zokongoletsa kwambiri, zotchuka m'malo osungira nyama.
Mitundu yolemera ndiyokongoletsa.
Pheasant wamba. Mwamaonekedwe, kuposa ena, subspecies ndi ofanana ndi nkhuku. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa mitunduyo ndi mchira wautali. Kulemera kwa munthu ndi 1.7 kg. Mtunduwo umakhala wolemera mosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza wobiriwira, wabulauni, wachikaso, wamkuwa, nthenga zofiirira. Malo okhala pafupi ndi madzi m'nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mutha kukumana ndi pheasant wamba pafupi ndi mpunga, minda ya chimanga, pomwe mbalame imapeza chakudya chochuluka.
Kawirikawiri pheasants wamkazi ndi wamwamuna
Kusaka pheasant. Zosiyanasiyana zimapezeka posakanikirana ndi mitundu ingapo. Mtundu wa nthenga ndi wosiyanasiyana. Avereji yolemera makilogalamu 1.5, kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri m'ndende. Tsamba ili silimakhala m'malo ake achilengedwe. Chimodzi mwazolinga zoswana ndikusaka masewera.
Kusaka pheasants
Mphesa zaku Romanian. Amasiyanasiyana ndi nthenga zobiriwira konsekonse thupi. Palibe malire pakhosi. Pamutu pake pali mapiko a nthenga zazing'ono. Wosakanizidwa adakulira m'malo opangira mafakitale. Wapeza kutchuka pakuswana kunyumba.
Chiwawa cha ku Romania
Mtsinje wa Transcaucasian. Nthenga zofiira zagolide zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta a mawonekedwe, okhala ndi mawanga ndi mikwingwirima yamawangamawanga. Mutu wobiriwira, mimba ya bulauni. Anthu odyetsedwa bwino amalemera makilogalamu atatu. Yabwino zinthu kusunga, kudya bwanji zokolola za kuswana. Mbalame zimasamalira ana.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya pheasant imapezeka kuthengo. Oimira zokongoletsera poyamba amakhala kumayiko aku Asia, ambiri adatumizidwa kunja kuti akwaniritse ziwonetsero.
Mtsinje wa Transcaucasian
Royal pheasant. Okhala m'malo akumapiri kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China. Amapezeka m'mitsinje, zigwa za nkhalango zowirira komanso zonenepa. Ukakhala patali, nthenga zimawoneka ngati mamba a nsomba, chifukwa zimakhala ndi m'mphepete mwa bulauni yakuda. Pali chipewa choyera ngati chipale chofewa pamutu wakuda, nthiti yakuda imakongoletsa khosi. Mimba ndi chifuwa ndizofiirira. Mwa akazi, chovalacho ndichabwino kwambiri - chovala cha bulauni-bulauni chophatikizika ndi chakuda.
Royal pheasant
Daimondi pheasants (Amherst). Mbalame yachilendo imadziwika kuti ndi yokongola kwambiri. Amadzipangira bwino kuswana, kuthana ndi chisanu, sizovuta kusamalira. Kuphatikiza kokongola kwamitundu yowala ndi hood yoyera kumapangitsa mtunduwo kuzindikira. Mbali yapadera ya pheasants ya diamondi imawonekera pakulera kwa anapiye ndi makolo onse awiri.
Daimondi pheasant
Golide pheasant. Mwachilengedwe, mbalameyi imangokhala ku China kokha. Kukula kwa pheasant ndikuchepa kwambiri pakati pa mitundu ina yofanana. Amathamanga kwambiri, sangathe kuwuluka. Male pheasant chokongoletsedwa ndi tuft yofiira wachikaso. Nthenga za lalanje pamutu ndi m'khosi. Akazi amtundu waimvi-bulauni amtundu wosiyanasiyana wokhala ndi mabanga, mikwingwirima. Maso ndi milomo zimakhala ndi mawanga a lalanje.
Golide pheasant
Silver pheasant. Zosiyanasiyana zamtchire. Ziweto zokongoletsera. Mbalame yamtundu wapadera - nthenga zakuda ndi zoyera zokongoletsa kofiira pamutu pake. Amuna ali ndi chotupa pamutu pawo. Mphesa yachikazi bulauni ndi maolivi tinge m'mapiko. Kubereka ndi koipa. Pafamu, subspecies ndiyofunika kuwononga tizirombo, chitetezo champhamvu. Tikhoza kuwonetsa mbalame zina.
Silver pheasant
Nkhuku yayitali-yamakutu. Kugonana kwa oimira oimilira samatchulidwa. Kapangidwe kapadera ka thupi lokulirapo, kulemera kolimba, mtundu wolimba, nthenga za khutu zomwe zimafalikira kupitirira mutu, mchira wofanana ndi burashi, malo ofiira ofiira m'maso mwake ndiomwe amakhala mwa anthu kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India, China, Tibet. Pali mitundu yoyera yamtambo, yoyera, yamtambo, yofiirira. Chipale chofewa ndichodziwika kwambiri.
Makutu abuluu opindika buluu
Brown eared pheasant
Mphesa wobiriwira (waku Japan). Odwala kuzilumba za Kyushu, Honshu, Shikoku. Mbalame yadziko lonse ya Japan, yomwe imawonekera pamapepala, zipilala zachikhalidwe. Kukula kwa pheasant wobiriwira ndikocheperako kuposa wamba, kolemera makilogalamu 1.2 okha. Nthenga za Emerald zimaphimba pachifuwa, kumbuyo kwa mbalame, chofiirira - khosi. Nkhanza zimakhala m'mapiri kumapiri ataliatali. Nthawi zambiri amadyetsa minda ya tiyi, minda, minda yaulimi.
Mphesa yobiriwira
Moyo ndi malo okhala
The pheasant yafalikira kwambiri chifukwa cha kuyambitsa mbalame mwachangu komanso kusintha kwabwino. Kukhazikika kumakhudza madera ochokera ku Iberian Peninsula kupita ku Japan. Ku Caucasus, Turkey, China, Vietnam, Primorsky Krai, Europe, North America, kuzolowera mbalame ndi zoweta zakhala ponseponse.
Mbalameyi imakhazikika m'malo omwe amakhala ndiudzu - nkhalango, nkhalango, udzu, mbali za minda yofesedwa. Zitsamba zaminga ndizosangalatsa - pakati pawo mbalame zimamva kuti ndizotetezedwa. Mitengo ya Tugai, mabanki a bango ndi malo okondedwa a mbalame zowala.
Zikakhala zoopsa, samauluka pamwamba pa mitengo, monga mbalame zina, koma amangothamangira m'nkhalango zosadutsika. Chinyama chachikulu sichingakwere tchire laminga. Chofunikira pakukhazikitsa ndikuyandikira kwa dziwe, chifukwa chake mbalame zimapezeka nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi nyanja, madambo, m'zigwa za mitsinje. Zosagwidwa ndi chisanu, pheasants amatha kupirira nyengo yozizira ngati chipale chofewa sichipitilira masentimita 18 mpaka 20. M'mapiri, kukhazikika kwa mbalame kumawonedwa pamtunda wa mamita 2500 pamwamba pa nyanja.
Wachikazi wa pheasant waku Japan
Mwini wa nthenga zowala amayenera kubisala nthawi zonse m'nkhalango kuti asakhale nyama ya adani. Mitundu ina imabisala mumitengo, kupumula pakati pa masamba. Amakwera pamwamba pomwe sapeza chakudya pansi nthawi yozizira. Pa nthambi, amadyetsa zipatso zomwe zasungidwa.
Ma Pheasants amasamala akamatsikira pansi. Amachita izi mwachangu, ndikuponya, amasintha msangamsanga kayendedwe, kubisala m'nkhalango. Kuthamanga kwa pheasants ndikuphwanya mbiri poyerekeza ndi nthumwi zina zonga nkhuku. Kuti ichuluke, mbalameyi imatambasula mutu wake, ndikukweza mchira wake.
Pheasant ili ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe. Mwa nyama zoyamwitsa, mbalame zimasakidwa ndi nkhandwe, ziphuphu, zikopa, agalu amtchire. Zowononga nthenga monga akadzidzi a chiwombankhanga ndi akalulu nawonso ndi adani achilengedwe a pheasants. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, anthu 80% amakhala chakudya cha okhala m'nkhalango.
Kuopsa kumeneku kumachokera kwa anthu. Pheasant wakhala akusakidwa kwamalonda ndi masewera. Agalu ophunzitsidwa bwino amathandiza, omwe amayendetsa masewerawa panthambi zamitengo, ndipo panthawi yonyamuka, osaka amawombera mbalame. Kukula kwa anthu kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyengo. Kutha kwachilengedwe kwa mbalame sikungapeweke m'nyengo yachisanu komanso chipale chofewa.
Anthu osauka akuchira mwachangu. Zoweta mbalame zapakhomo, zomwe zimakhala m'malo osungira ana, m'malo otetezedwa zimathandiza kwambiri. Mwambiri, kukula kwa anthu sikuyambitsa nkhawa.
Fireback pheasant
Ma nyerere amaphunzitsa mbalame zomwe zimakhala mumagulu akulu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kunja kwa nyengo yoswana. Nthawi yogwira ntchito yofunafuna chakudya m'mawa ndi madzulo. Mbalame zimakhala chete, mawu amangomveka pouluka. Ndi mkokomo, mawu omveka akutali akumveka kutali. Mbalame zimatulutsa zizindikilo zapadera pophunzitsa.
Wamba pheasant, mbalame zosamukira kapena ayi, yodziwika ndi dera lokhalamo. Moyo wongokhala ndiwofala kwa nzika zambiri okhala ndi chakudya chochuluka. Nthawi yosamukira kumtunda wawung'ono imayamba ataswa anapiye. Kenako, posaka chakudya, mbalame zimapezeka m'malo achilendo.
Zakudya zabwino
Mbalame wa banja la pheasant omnivorous. Chakudyacho chimayang'aniridwa ndi chakudya chomera, koma kaphatikizidweko kamaphatikizaponso gawo lazinyama: mphutsi, akangaude, makoswe, nkhono, nkhono. Anapiye akhanda obadwa kumene osakwana mwezi umodzi amalandira chakudya chanyama kuchokera kwa makolo awo.
Zomera zopitilira zana zimakopa pheasant. Mbewu, zipatso, mphukira zazing'ono, zipatso zimakhala chakudya. Mbalame zimapeza chakudya mwa kung'amba nthaka ndi zikhadabo. Amalumpha, kuuluka pansi kuti akatole zipatso m'tchire ndi mitengo yayitali. M'mabanja, pheasants ndi odzichepetsa pazakudya zawo.
Zakudya zabwino kwambiri ndizowononga chakudya (popanda zisonyezo), amadyera (plantain, dandelion). Mbalame zimakonda kusakaniza kwa tirigu, masamba, zipatso, zipatso. Nthenga zokongola zimayenera kusungidwa ndi zowonjezera zamchere (laimu, choko, zipolopolo zosweka). Mutha kuyambitsa ntchito ya ziwalo zam'mimba powonjezera mchenga wamtsinje woyera, timiyala tating'ono.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nthawi yokwanira ya pheasants imayamba mchaka. Amuna amatenga ziwembu zokwatirana, kuyimba akazi. Kutetezedwa kwa gawo lawo kumachitika mwachipongwe, pankhondo za omenyera. Akazi amalumikizana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, momwe amuna amasankha awiri.
Chisa chosautsa ndi mazira
Kuvina kokhwima kumadziwikiratu pakukupiza mapiko pafupipafupi, kumasula nthaka, kuponya mbewu, kufuula, ndi kugwedezeka kwa mawu. Malo opanda nthenga pamutu wamwamuna amasanduka ofiira. Amayenda mozungulira wosankhidwayo, amatsitsa, ndikukopa chidwi.
Akazi akuchita nawo ntchito yomanga chisa. Nthawi zambiri imakhala pansi pakati pa zitsamba zaminga, muudzu wandiweyani. Mazira amasungidwa mosinthana, kamodzi patsiku, mazira 8-12 okha. Makulitsidwe amatha masiku 22-25. Mkazi samachoka pachisa kuti abwezeretse mphamvu zake, kulemera kwake panthawiyi kumachepetsedwa ndi theka. Wamwamuna samathandiza posamalira ana. Ngati chirombo chimawononga zowalamulira, ndiye kuti chimatayikiranso mazira, pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira.
Ana oswedwa amatsatira amayi awo m'maola ochepa. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri ali okonzeka kunyamuka, koma amafunikira chisamaliro mpaka miyezi 2.5-3. Ali ndi miyezi 7-8 amakhala okonzeka kukhala makolo.
Nkhuku yosautsa
Moyo wa pheasants m'chilengedwe ndi waufupi, koma pansi pazovuta umakhala zaka 6-7. Akaidi, komwe kulibe zoopseza adani, osaka, mbalame zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 15. Chifukwa cha kubereka kwachangu, pheasants apulumuka kuyambira kalekale mpaka pano. Mbalame zokongola zadziwika ndikuyamikiridwa padziko lonse lapansi.
