Lark - chisonyezo cha masika
Lark - m'modzi mwa oimba mbalame odziwika kwambiri. Amakondweretsa makontinenti asanu ndi ma trill a kasupe. Chinthu chadanga chimatchedwa ulemu: asteroid Alauda (lotembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Chilatini: lark).
Lark wamba
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Lark ndi mbalame zazing'ono masentimita 12 mpaka 24 kutalika, zolemera magalamu 15 mpaka 75. Mapikowo ndi otakata, kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 30-36. Mbalame zimasangalala mumlengalenga: zimawonetsa kuthawa mwachangu komanso mosamala.
Monga mbalame zambiri zakutchire, mitundu yambiri ya lark ili ndi chala chakumbuyo chomwe chimayang'ana mmbuyo ndikutha chikhadabo chachitali. Mapangidwe a phazi awa amakhulupirira kuti amapereka bata poyenda pansi. Mbalamezi zimayenda pansi mofulumira kwambiri.
Mtundu wa nthenga si wowala, koma m'malo mwake. Mtundu waukuluwo ndi wa imvi-bulauni wokhala ndi mizere yoyera. Chovala choterechi chimakupatsani mwayi wobisala bwino, ndikusunthira pansi. Pokhala pachisa, mbalameyi imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi chilengedwe.
Skylark yocheperako
Pali mbalame zomwe zimakhala ndi utoto wosiyana kwambiri ndi wamba - izi lark wakuda... Mitunduyi ndi ya mtundu wina wa mapaka. Mtunduwo umafanana ndi dzina: mbalameyi ili ngati yakuda. Ndi malire owala pamapiko. Izi zikuwonekera m'maina otchuka: chernysh, wakuda nyenyezi, karaturgai (wakuda wakuda, ku Kazakh).
Mbalamezi zimasungunuka kamodzi pachaka, zitatha nthawi zisa. Anapiye molt kwathunthu mu kugwa atachoka chisa. Amasiya chovala chowala, amakhala osadziwika ndi mbalame zazikulu.
Lark yachitsulo
Akuluakulu amadyetsa makamaka mbewu, anapiye amadyetsedwa ndi chakudya chama protein, ndiye kuti, tizilombo. Milomo ya mbalameyi ndi yopindika pang’ono, yoyenerera kusenda mbewu ndi kukumba pansi pofunafuna tizilombo. Palibe kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kukula ndi kuchuluka kwake, ndipo sinafotokozeredwe bwino mtundu.
Mitundu
Lark anaphatikizidwa mu classical classifier mu 1825 ndi wasayansi waku Ireland a Nicholas Wigors (1785-1840). Iwo adayamba kudziwika ngati banja lachifinchi. Koma pambuyo pake adasankhidwa kukhala banja lodziyimira pawokha la Alaudidae. Chofunikira kwambiri pabanjali ndikumanga phazi. Pali timbalangondo tating'onoting'ono tambirimbiri, pomwe mbalame zina zanyimbo zili ndi imodzi yokha.
Mapiko Oyera a Steppe Lark
Larks apanga banja lalikulu. Lili ndi mibadwo 21 ndi mitundu pafupifupi 98. Mtundu wofala kwambiri ndi khungwa lakumunda. Adalowa mgawoli dzina lake Alauda Linnaeus. Mulinso mitundu 4.
- Lark wamba - Alauda arvensis. Uwu ndi mtundu wosankhidwa. Amapezeka ku Eurasia, mpaka ku Arctic Circle. Amapezeka kumpoto kwa Africa. Kulowera kumpoto kwa America, Australia, Oceania ndi New Zealand.
- Zing'onozing'ono khungwa kapena khungwa lakummawa. Dzinalo: Alauda gulgula. Woyang'ana ku Barnaul steppes, ku Kazakhstan, mayiko aku Central Asia, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, kuzilumba za Pacific Ocean.
- Mapiko oyera oyera, mapiko a Siberia - Alauda leucoptera. Mitunduyi imapezeka kwambiri kumwera kwa Russia, ku Caucasus, ikuuluka kumpoto kwa Iran.
- Razo Island Lark - Alauda razae. Mbalame zosafufuza kwenikweni. Kumakhala chilumba chimodzi chokha cha Cape Verde: Chilumba cha Razo. Zofotokozedwa ndikuphatikizidwa m'dongosolo lazachilengedwe kumapeto kwa zaka za 19th (mu 1898).
Razo Lark (wokhazikika)
Kuphatikiza pa mundawo, mibadwo ingapo idapeza mayina awo potengera kukhala kwawo.
- Ma lark, kapena jurbay - Melanocorypha. Mitundu isanu ili m'gulu ili. Amakhala kumadera akumwera kwa Russia, m'chigwa cha mayiko aku Central Asia, ku Caucasus, ku Europe kumwera kwa France ndi ku Balkan, ku Maghreb.
- Forest Skylark - Lullula - ndi mbalame zomwe zasintha madera ndi minda ndikusamukira m'mphepete ndi nkhalango. Malo awo okhala ndi zisa ali ku Europe, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia, kumpoto kwa Africa.
- Shrub Larks - Mirafra. Asayansi sanasankhe kwathunthu pamalingaliro amtunduwu. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, zimaphatikizapo mitundu 24-28. Dera lalikulu ndi mapiri a Africa, steppes kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia.
Chithunzi ndi Lark Jurbay
Maonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lark ndi ofanana. Kusiyana kukula ndi utoto ndizochepa. Koma pali mbalame zomwe mayina awo adazindikira mawonekedwe ake.
- Lark Wamng'ono - Calandrella. Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo mitundu 6. Dzinali limadziwika bwino ndi mbalameyi - ndiyo yochepetsetsa kwambiri. Kulemera kwa munthu sikupitilira magalamu 20.
- Horned Lark - Eremophila. Mitundu iwiri yokha ndiyomwe imaphatikizidwa mgululi. "Nyanga" zapangidwa pamutu kuchokera ku nthenga. Lark pachithunzichi chifukwa cha "nyanga" zimatengera pafupifupi ziwanda. Mtundu wokhawo wama lark omwe malo awo okhala ndi chisa amafika pamtunda.
- Passerine Larks, dzina la makina: Eremopterix. Ndi mtundu wawukulu wokhala ndi mitundu 8.
- Crested Larks - Galerida. Mbalame zonse zamtunduwu zimadziwika ndi milomo yolimba yopindika komanso pamutu.
- Longspur Lark - Heteromirafra. Mitundu iwiri yokha ndiyomwe imaphatikizidwa mgululi. Amadziwika ndi zala zazitali. Mitundu yonseyi imakhala kum'mwera kwa Africa m'malo ochepa kwambiri.
- Makungwa okhwima okhwima - Ramphocoris. Mtundu wa Monotypic. Muli mitundu 1. Mbalameyi ili ndi mlomo wofupikitsa wamphamvu. Amakonda kukhazikika m'zipululu za kumpoto kwa Africa ndi Arabia.
Lark wamtali waku Africa
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Malo okondedwa: zigawo za steppe, minda yokhala ndi udzu wochepa, nthaka yaulimi. Pamene nkhalango zikudulidwa mitengo ndipo minda yatsopano yolimidwa imapangidwa, malowo amakula.
Mitundu yokhayo yokhudzana ndi nkhalango ndi khungwa la nkhuni... Anakhazikika m'nkhalango zotseguka, m'nkhalango, m'mphepete, magalasi, otenthedwa ndi dzuwa. Mbalameyi imapewa nkhalango zowirira, mafunde akudzaza ndi mitengo yayitali.
Nyanga lazaron
Kodi khungwa ndi chiyani? Mbalame zambiri zimadziwika ndi kusamuka kwakanthawi, kusamuka kumalo awo achisanu kupita kudziko lakwawo, koma anthu ena amakhala m'malo otentha. Amakana kuwuluka. Izi zikuchitika kumwera kwa Caucasus, kumwera kwa Europe.
Mawu oti lark mbalame kusamuka, kotheka ndi banja lonse lathunthu. Amapangidwa kuchokera kumitundu yomwe imaswana kumadera otentha kwambiri. Pofika nyengo yozizira yophukira, mbalame zonse zomwe zimakhazikika kumpoto kwa (pafupifupi) makumi asanu, zimakwera pamapiko komanso pagulu laling'ono zimapita kunyanja ya Mediterranean, kumpoto kwa Africa, kupita ku Central Asia.
Kumayambiriro kwa masika, gulu la mbalame zoimba nyimbo zimachokera kumalo ozizira. Kufika kwa lark pakati pa anthu ambiri ku Europe, kuphatikiza Russia, kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kasupe kotero kuti mabanzi otchedwa lark amawotcha mu Marichi. Izi ndi zinthu zophika zosavuta kuphika zomwe zimafanana mbalame ndi zoumba m'malo mwa maso.
Makungwa a Longspore
Pobwerera kumalo obisalako, anyani amphongo amayamba kuimba, nyengo yokometsera mbalame imayamba. Nyimbo za Lark itha kufotokozedwa ngati mndandanda wopitilira muyeso wa nyimbo zomveka bwino. Lark nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kutha kutengera mbalame zina. Lark amayimba pothawa komanso pansi.
Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndikuuluka mozungulira limodzi ndi kuyimba. Kufikira kutalika kwa mita 100-300, khungwalo limapachikika kwa mphindi zingapo. Kenako, pang'onopang'ono, osasokoneza kuimba, imatsika. Kapena, atakhala chete, amagwa, pafupifupi kugwa, pansi.
Mbalameyi ili ndi adani ambiri. Makamaka panthawi yoswana. Mimbulu, njoka, nyama zolusa zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono zakonzeka kuwononga chisa, chitetezo chokhacho chomwe chimabisala. Akuluakulu, mbalame zolusa ndi zowopsa. Sparrowhawks, zotchingira, ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi zina zikuluzikulu zimagwira ntchentche.
Makungwa okhwima
Lark - mbalame yanyimbo... Chifukwa chake, akhala akuyesera kuti akhale mndende. Koma mantha ndi nondescriptness zapangitsa kuti mdziko lathu mutha kumva khunguli mwachilengedwe.
Anthu achi China amakonda kusunga mbalame m'makola. Iwo apeza zokumana nazo zambiri osati kungosunga kokha, komanso pochita mpikisano wa mbalame za nyimbo. Mwa mitundu yonse, lark ya ku Mongolia imapezeka kwambiri m'nyumba zachi China.
Zakudya zabwino
Tizilombo ndi tirigu ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chakudya cha khungwa. Chakudya chimapezeka ndikudumphira tizilombo ndi mbewu kuchokera pansi kapena kuchokera ku zomera, kuchokera kutalika kwa kukula kwawo. Amagulu osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa coleoptera, lark samanyoza Orthoptera, yopanda mapiko.
Ndiye kuti, aliyense amene angagwidwe ndi amene milomo yake yam'mimba ndi yaminyewa imatha kumugwira. Popeza chakudya chimangopezeka wapansi, makungwa amapeza njere zomwe zagwa kale kapena zosakula kwenikweni. Tsoka ilo, mbalame zazing'onozi ndizakudya zokha.
Osangodya zinyama zokha. Kum'mwera kwa France, ku Italy, ndi Kupro, zakudya zokoma mwachikhalidwe zimakonzedwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Amadyetsedwa, okazinga, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kudzaza ma pie. Malilime amtundu wa Lark amawerengedwa kuti ndichabwino kwambiri kwa anthu ovala nkhata. Ili ndiye tsogolo osati lark yekha, komanso mbalame zambiri zosamuka.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Lark amawoneka kumayambiriro kwa masika. Pambuyo pake, amuna amayamba kuimba m'mawa. Ili ndi gawo lamwambo waukwati. Chiwonetsero cha kukongola kwanu ndi kutchulidwa kwa malo okhala ndi zisa, umphumphu wawo umayang'aniridwa mosamalitsa.
Chisa cha Wood lark
Mbalame ziwiri zimakhazikika pafupi. Hekitala imodzi itha kukhala ndi zisa 1-3. Chifukwa chake, zifukwa zotsutsana zimawoneka mosalekeza. Nkhondoyo ndi yowopsa. Palibe malamulo kapena zochita zozizwitsa zokongola. Chisokonezo chachikulu, chifukwa chake wolakwira malire akubwerera. Palibe amene amavulala kwambiri.
Akazi akufunafuna malo oti apange chisa. Chisa cha Lark - Izi ndizokhumudwitsa pansi, dzenje pamalo obisika komanso obisika. Pansi pake pokhala ngati mphika pansi pake pamayikidwa udzu wouma, nthenga ndi tsitsi la akavalo. Chisa chikakonzeka, kuswana kumachitika.
Mu clutch, nthawi zambiri mazira 4-7 ang'onoang'ono a bulauni kapena achikasu obiriwira, okutidwa ndi mawanga amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Akazi amachita nawo makulitsidwe. Kubisa Mask ndiyo njira yayikulu yosungira chisa. Mbalame zimathawa kapena kuthawa pokhapokha zikaonekera bwino. Akachotsa vutoli, amabwerera ku chisa.
Ngati clutch imamwalira chifukwa cha zochita za anthu kapena zolusa, mazira amaikidwanso. Pambuyo masiku 12-15, anapiye akhungu, otsika amawoneka. Makolo awo amawadyetsa mwachangu ndi tizilombo. Amakula ndikukula msanga kwambiri. Pambuyo masiku 7-8, amatha kuchoka pachisa kwa kanthawi kochepa, atatha masiku 13-14 amayamba kuyesa kuthawa.
Atakwanitsa mwezi umodzi, anapiyewo amayamba kudya okha. Pali kusintha kuchokera ku zakudya zamapuloteni kupita ku zakudya zamasamba, tizilombo timasinthidwa ndi mbewu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, molt woyamba wathunthu amapezeka. Chovala chanthenga chimakhala chimodzimodzi ndi cha mbalame zazikulu.
Anapiye ndi khungu la nkhalango yazimayi
Kukula mwachangu kwa anapiye ndi njira yachilengedwe yoteteza anthu. Pachifukwa chomwechi, ma lark m'malo mwa otayika amapanga matumba atsopano, ndipo samangokhala ndi ana amodzi. Pakati pa nyengoyi, banja lark limatha kupanga zowola 2-3 ndikulera bwino ana.
Moyo wa khungwe siutali: zaka 5-6. Oyang'anira mbalame amati akawasunga m'nyumba yonyamulira, atha kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka 10. Lark yapeza malo ake otchuka m'nthano, nthano ndi zolembalemba. Nthawi zonse amachita ngati chisonyezo cha moyo watsopano.
