Gerenuk

Gerenuk - Ichi ndi mtundu wa mphalapala wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina ya nyama izi chifukwa cha khosi lawo lalitali, lowonda komanso lokongola kwambiri komanso miyendo yomweyo. Nyamayo imadziwikanso kuti mbawala ya giraffe, yomwe imamasuliridwa kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha ku Somali ngati "khosi la nyamalikiti." Nyamayo ili ndi dzina lina - mbawala ya Waller. Akatswiri a zinyama amati oimira anthuwa osagwirizana sanalumikizane mwanjira iliyonse ndi akadyamsonga ndipo apatulidwa mu mtundu umodzi ndi mitundu.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Generuk

Antelopes ndi nthumwi zoyimitsa zolengedwa, zomwe ndi za artiodactyls, banja la bovids, zimaperekedwa ku mtundu ndi mitundu ya gerenuke. Anthu okhala ku Egypt wakale akhala akuyesa kwazaka zambiri kuti atembenuzire agalu kukhala chiweto. Panthawiyo, anali ndi anthu ambiri m'chigawo cha Sudan ndi Egypt. Komabe, izi sizinapangidwe bwino.

Kanema: Gerenuk

Zingwe zosalimba, zazitali zazitali zokhala ndi khosi lalitali nthawi zonse zalimbikitsa ulemu komanso kuwopa anthu akomweko. M'mbuyomu, anthu sanasakepo kapena kuwapha chifukwa cha chikopa chawo, nyama kapena nyanga. Izi ndichifukwa choti kalekale panali chikhulupiliro kuti kuphedwa kwa nthumwi yodabwitsa ya nyama kungabweretse mavuto ndi tsoka, makamaka kufa kwa ziweto ndi ngamila, zomwe zinali zamtengo wapatali.

Zomwe akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale anapeza komanso ofufuza akuwonetsa kuti makolo akale a Gerenuke amakono amakhala mdera la Africa amakono kuyambira 4200 - 2800 BC. Zotsalira za makolo a nyani za masiku ano zaposachedwa zapezeka pagombe la Nailo. Pakati pa kusinthika, nyama zasintha mwanjira inayake. Khosi lawo lidakulitsidwa kwambiri, miyendo yawo idakhala yocheperako komanso yayitali, ndipo chophukira chawo chidachepa kukula ndikupeza mawonekedwe amakona atatu.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Animal general

Mtundu wa nyererewu umakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino - thupi lowonda, lamiyendo pamiyendo yoonda kwambiri, yayitali komanso mutu pakhosi lalitali, lokongola. Pamutu pa chinyama pali makutu akulu, ataliatali, otalikirana, makutu ozungulira. Mkati, ali ndi mtundu wakuda ndi woyera. Mutuwu ndi wamakona atatu, wokula pang'ono, ndipo uli ndi maso akulu, akuda. Antelope ili ndi lilime lalitali komanso lolimba kwambiri komanso loyenda, milomo yosamva. Pachifukwa ichi, nthambi zowuma, zaminga zamitengo ndi zitsamba sizingavulaze gerenuk.

Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu ndi mita 1.3-1.5. Kutalika kwa nyama ikamafota pang'ono kumapitilira mita imodzi. Unyinji wa wamkulu mmodzi uli mkati mwa makilogalamu makumi asanu. Mutu wawung'ono umayikidwa pakhosi lalitali, lowonda. Pachifukwa ichi anthu akomweko amakhulupirira kuti pali ubale wapakati pa gerenuch ndi mphalapala.

Zizindikiro za mawonekedwe azakugonana zimawonetsedwa pamaso pa nyanga mwa amuna okha. Nyanga zamphongo ndi zazifupi komanso zakuda. Nyanga ndizotalika pafupifupi masentimita 20-27. Ali ndi mawonekedwe azitsulo zopindika, zomwe zimachotsedwa kumbuyo m'munsi ndikugwada kumapeto kwa nsonga zomwezo. Kunja, amafanana ndi mawonekedwe a kalata S.

Mtundu wa chinyama umagwira ntchito yobisa. Torso lakumtunda ndi lofiirira kwambiri. Mkati mwa khosi, chifuwa, pamimba ndi miyendo zimakhala ndi chowala, pafupifupi zoyera. Pali madera akuda, pafupifupi akuda. Zili pamchira, m'dera la malo am'munsi, m'malo amaso, pamphumi, komanso mkatikati mwa ma auricles.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Gwape ali ndi mchira wawung'ono, womwe kutalika kwake sikupitilira masentimita 30-40.

Kodi gerenuk amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Gerenuk antelope

Malo okhala gerenuch amangokhala ku Africa kokha. Amasankha makamaka malo ouma, osalala, ma savanna, momwe zitsamba zaminga zimapezeka. Imatha kukhala m'mapiri ndi nyengo yotentha komanso nkhalango zowirira. Mapiri ndi mapiri sizachilendo. Oimira banja la bovids amapezekanso m'mapiri pamtunda wa 1600-1800 mita pamwamba pa nyanja.

Madera a Gerenuch:

• Ethiopia;
• Somalia;
• Kenya;
• dera lakumwera kwa Djibouti;
• Tanzania;
• Eritrea.

Chofunikira chachikulu pakukhala agwape ndi kukhalapo kwa tchire laminga. Antelope amayesetsa kupewa madera okhala ndi nkhalango zowirira bwino. Zonsezi, mitundu yambiri ya antelope sikupezeka pafupifupi dera lililonse. M'magulu ang'onoang'ono, amagawidwa mofanana m'malo awo. M'madera omwe kale munkakhala anthu ambiri ku Sudan ndi ku Egypt, nyama zawonongedweratu.

Kutengera ndi dera lomwe amakhala, zitsamba zogawanika zimagawika m'magulu awiri: kumpoto ndi kumwera. Ma subspecies akumwera amasankha madera akumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Tanzania, Kenya ndi zigawo zakumwera za Tanzania ngati malo okhala, kumpoto kumakonda kum'mawa kwa Ethiopia, kumwera kwa Djibouti, kumpoto ndi madera apakati a Somalia.

Kodi gerenuk amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Gerenuk giraffe gazelle

Gerenuk amakhala m'malo momwe mumakhala chakudya chochepa kwambiri komanso madzi osakwanira. Komabe, mphalapala imeneyi ili ndi mwayi waukulu kuposa mitundu ina ya nyama, chifukwa imasinthasintha kuti izikhala motere.

Kukhoza kuthana ndi kusowa kwa chakudya chokwanira kumaperekedwa chifukwa cha miyendo yayitali komanso yopyapyala, pomwe antelope amayimirira mpaka kutalika kwathunthu kuti athe kufikira masamba azitsamba zazitali ndi zitsamba. Kukwanitsa kumeneku kumawathandiza kufikira masamba, masamba ndi magawo ena obiriwira omwe sangakwanitse kufikako.

Kapangidwe ka thupi la nyama limatsimikizira kupulumuka m'malo ovuta, otentha aku Africa. Mutu wawung'ono umakupatsani mwayi wopewa nthambi zaminga, milomo yolimba, yayitali komanso milomo yoyenda mosavuta imagwira ngakhale chakudya chowuma.

Chakudya cha Antelope:

• mphukira zazing'ono zamitengo ndi zitsamba;
• impso;
• masamba;
• nthambi;
• mbewu;
• maluwa.

Imagwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zomera zomwe zili mdera lawo ngati chakudya. Amasangalala ndi zipatso zakupsa komanso zowutsa mudyo za mitengo ya zipatso mosangalala.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Gerenuk ndi imodzi mwazinyama zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimatha kukhala zopanda madzi moyo wake wonse. Kufunikira kwamadzimadzi kumadzaza ndi chinyezi, chomwe chimapezeka muzomera zobiriwira. Ngakhale nthawi yomwe nyama zimadya chakudya chowuma komanso chowuma, sizimafunikira madzi kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mukasungidwa m'malo osungira zachilengedwe, malo osungira nyama, ogwira ntchito osamalira antelope samawamana madzi ndipo nthawi zonse amawonjezerapo pang'ono pazakudya.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Gerenuk

Si zachilendo kuti nyamazi zimangokhala zokhazokha. Amapanga timagulu tating'ono. Chiwerengero cha gulu limodzi sichipitilira anthu 8-10. Ambiri mwa gulu lotere ndi akazi ndi achinyamata.

Amuna amakhala ndi moyo wakutali, wodziyimira pawokha. Wamkulu aliyense, wamwamuna wokhwima pogonana amakhala m'dera linalake, lomwe amateteza ndikuteteza kukumana ndi amuna ena. Mwamuna aliyense amalemba malire a katundu wawo mothandizidwa ndi chinsinsi chobisika ndi prelandbital gland. Magulu azimayi omwe ali ndi ana ang'onoang'ono amatha kuyenda mozungulira mdera lililonse.

Amuna osakhwima, omwe atsalira kumbuyo kwa gulu lawo, amakhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha, akusonkhana ndi oimira ena amtundu womwewo. Pamodzi amapezekanso mpaka atha msinkhu.

Nyama zimakonda kugwira ntchito m'mawa ndi madzulo, pomwe kulibe kutentha konse kudera la Africa. Pakakhala kutentha kwambiri, amakonda kubisala mumthunzi wamitengo, kuti apumule.

Nyama yansonga imakhala moyo wake wonse itaima ndi miyendo iwiri, ikutambasula khosi lake lalitali ndikuponyanso mutu wake kumbuyo. Ndi pomwe amapeza chakudya, kubudula ndikudya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera.

Pakakhala ngozi, agwape amakonda kuundana, kulumikizana ndi zomera zomwe zingawazungulira. Ngati ngozi iwagwera pafupi, amathawa mwachangu. Komabe, njira yopulumutsirayi nthawi zonse siyithandiza nyama, chifukwa sizingathe kuthamanga kwambiri.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Gerenuka Cub

Nthawi yamaubale nthawi zambiri imagwera nyengo yamvula, koma ubale wachindunji ndi kudalira kumawonedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Chakudya chochuluka, amuna amphamvu ndi okangalika amakhala m'nyengo yoswana, ndipo azimayi amatha kutulutsa manyowa. Munthawi imeneyi, amayesa kukopa akazi awo momwe angathere kudera lawo.

Zosangalatsa: Mkazi, yemwe ndi wokonzeka kulowa m'banja, amapinda makutu ake, ndikudina pamutu pake. Mwamuna yemwe amasankha mkazi uyu amalemba ziwalo zake ndi chinsinsi cha periobital gland. Ngati mkaziyo ali wokonzeka kukwatira, amakodza nthawi yomweyo. Fungo la mkodzo limapereka chidziwitso kwa chachimuna kuti mkazi yemwe wamusankha ali wokonzeka kukwatira.

Pambuyo pa umuna, chachimuna chimasiya chachikazi ndikupita kukafunafuna amayi atsopano. Mkazi amatenga mimba, yomwe imatha pafupifupi miyezi 5.5-6. Mwanayo asanabadwe, mayi woyembekezera akufuna malo obisika, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mitengo yaudzu wamtali. Mwana m'modzi amabadwa, nthawi zochepa kwambiri awiri. Mwana wakhanda amakhala ndi thupi lolemera makilogalamu 2.5-3. Mayi nthawi yomweyo amanyambita mwana wake wamwamuna ndikudya mwana wobadwa naye kuti asatenge mawonekedwe anyamazo.

Masabata awiri kapena atatu oyamba kubadwa, ana amangogona m'nkhalango, ndipo wamkazi amabwera kwa iwo kangapo patsiku kuti adye. Kenako amabwera pang'ono ndi pang'ono, kuwayimbira foni. Pofika kumapeto kwa mwezi wachitatu wamoyo, ana a antelopes amakhala molimba mtima pamapazi awo, kulikonse komwe amatsatira amayi awo, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amabwera ku zakudya zanthabwala zamtchire.

Amayi amakwanitsa kufikira chaka chimodzi, amuna patapita nthawi pang'ono - chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Oimira akazi amalekana ndi amayi awo kale kwambiri, amuna amakhala nawo pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. Nthawi yayitali yamoyo wa nyama mwachilengedwe ndi zaka 8-11. Nyama zomwe zimakhala m'malo osungira nyama ndi nkhokwe zimakhala zaka 5-6 kutalika.

Adani achilengedwe a Gerenuks

Chithunzi: Gerenuki

Mwachilengedwe, antelopes a mdulidwe ali ndi adani angapo pakati pa nyama zodya nyama.

Adani akulu achilengedwe a Gerenuks:

• mikango;
• afisi;
• agalu afisi;
• nyamazi;
• akambuku.

Nthawi zina, antelopes amakhala ndi liwiro la 50-60 km / h, koma munjira imeneyi sangathe kuyenda kwa nthawi yayitali. Pambuyo pa makilomita 2-3, nyama imayamba kutopa komanso kutopa. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi afisi ndi agalu afisi, omwe sangathe kuthamanga mwachangu, koma amadziwika ndi kulimbikira komanso kupirira. Nyalugwe amatha kulandila mphalapala yokongola ya miyendo yayitali m'kuphethira kwa diso, chifukwa imatha kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kuyenda mofulumira kwambiri kwakanthawi.

Akambuku ndi mikango nthawi zambiri amasankha njira zina - amayang'anitsitsa nyama yawo ndikuyiukira. Ngati, pakadali pano, sikutheka kukhala gawo losadziwika la mbeu, gerenuk amathamanga mwachangu, natambasula khosi lake lalitali lofananira ndi nthaka.

Ziweto zazing'ono zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono zimakhala ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe. Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zili pamwambapa, mndandanda wawo umathandizidwa ndi nyama zodya nthenga - kumenyana ndi ziwombankhanga, ziwombankhanga. Ankhandwe amathanso kulimbana ndi ana.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Animal gerenuk

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma gerenuk chakwaniritsidwa ku Ethiopia. Malinga ndi ofufuza, kuchuluka kwa anthu osamwalira masiku ano ndi pafupifupi anthu 70,000. Chifukwa chakucheperachepera kwa nyerere zamiyendo yayitali, mitunduyi idalembedwa mu Red Book. Ili ndi mtundu wamtundu womwe watsala pang'ono kufika pachiswe.

Malingana ndi ziwerengero zochokera ku World Conservation Society, kuchuluka kwa anthu a mphalapala akuchepa. Kuyambira 2001 mpaka 2015, kuchuluka kwa nyama izi kunatsika pafupifupi kotala. Asayansi ndi ofufuza apeza zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwachulukidwe kwa ziweto:

• kudula mitengo;
• Kukula kwa anthu madera atsopano omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa ziweto;
• kusaka ndi kupha nyama;
• kuwononga malo achilengedwe mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zambiri.

Mwa zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa ziweto, nkhondo zingapo ndi mikangano yomwe imabuka nthawi ndi nthawi pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana mdziko la Africa imalingaliridwa. Asayansi amati nyama zimasinthasintha bwino ndikuchulukana mwanjira zachilengedwe.

Alonda a Gerenuks

Chithunzi: Gerenuk Red Book

Akatswiri a zooology akuti ndizosatheka kudziwa kuchuluka kwa ziweto chifukwa cha magulu ang'onoang'ono koma ambiri omwe amakhala kumapiri, komanso m'nkhalango zowirira kapena udzu wamtali. Kuswana kwa antelopes m'mapaki amtunduwu kumakhala kovuta chifukwa chakuchepa kwa ena mwa iwo.

M'madera ena a kontinenti ya Africa, gerenuk amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yolemekezedwa komanso yopatulika, ndipo kusaka nyama ndikosaloledwa konse. M'madera ena, m'malo mwake, mafuko amawona ngati chinthu chosakira komanso gwero la nyama. Pofuna kuteteza mphalapala, oimira bungwe loteteza nyama amalimbikitsa anthu akumaloko kuti asiye kuwononga malo achilengedwe a nyama ndikuchepetsa nkhalango. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichitepo kanthu momwe tingatetezere moto.

Tikulimbikitsidwa kuyesetsa kukulitsa magawo amalo osungirako nyama momwe nyama zimakhalira bwino ndikubereka ana. Ndikofunikanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu opha nyama mosayenera omwe amawononga nyama zokoma komanso zodabwitsa ngati zosangalatsa. Malinga ndi ofufuza, ngati zinthu zonse zomwe zatchulidwazi zikupitilizabe kukopa anthu omwe sanatuluke, zaka khumi zikubwerazi gerenuk idzazimiririka mdera lam'madera ambiri omwe akukhalamo masiku ano.

Gerenuk Ndi nthumwi ya nyama zadziko la Africa, zomwe ndizapadera pamtundu wake. Anthu okhala mmudzimo akuti anali paubwenzi ndi ngamila ndi akadyamsonga. Komabe, alibe chochita ndi chimodzi kapena chimzake.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 05/30/2019

Tsiku losinthidwa: 20.09.2019 pa 21:29