Mbalame yokongola yolankhula yobiriwira yobiriwira yokhala ndi "kolala" yakuda. Umu ndi momwe Indian Parrot yokhotakhota ingafotokozeredwe m'mawu okhawo. Amadziwikanso kuti parrot ya mkanda wa Kramer.
Kubwerera mu 1769, wasayansi waku Italiya ndi Austrian komanso wasayansi Giovanni Skololi adalongosola za mbalameyi ndipo adasankha dzina lake kuti akumbukire wasayansi waku Germany komanso wasayansi wazinyama a Wilhelm Heinrich Kramer, yemwe adamwalira ndi mliri patangopita nthawi yochepa.
Liwu lofuula, kusakhala mwamantha, kukhala pafupi ndi anthu limatilola kutcha iyi yamphongo yamtundu wamitundu yodziwika kwambiri, ndipo kufalikira kwake ndi kuchuluka kwake m'malo okhala nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa mavuto m'chilengedwe komanso anthu.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndichitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha kujambula. Kwa nthawi yayitali, parrot iyi imadziwika ndi anthu, nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa ngati chiweto. Chifukwa chiyani ndichosangalatsa komanso chosangalatsa, tiyeni ndikuuzeni mwatsatanetsatane.
Mu mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zamphongo, mkandawo umatchulidwa kwambiri kuposa akazi
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mbalame ya parrot mbendera mitundu yokongola komanso machitidwe oseketsa kwambiri. Mtundu waukulu wa nthengayo ndi wobiriwira wowala, m'malo ena amasandulika achikasu. Mchira wautali kwambiri umaloza pansi, ndipo pamwamba pake umakhala ndi utoto wabuluu. Nthawi zina nthenga zomwe zili pamphuno ya mbalameyi zimakhala "ufa" wokhala ndi mtundu womwewo.
Zala zazitali ndi zopindika zimakonzedwa mwawiri - woyamba ndi wachinayi akuyang'ana mtsogolo, wachiwiri ndi wachitatu akuyang'ana kumbuyo. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi ndi milomo yopindika, yolimba ya magazi ofiira. Mphepete mozungulira maso ozungulira ajambulidwa mumthunzi womwewo. Mwa njira, maso a nthenga amawoneka mosamalitsa komanso mokwanira, kupatula apo, ali ndi masomphenya abwino.
Amuna okha ndi omwe ali ndi mkanda wotchuka; atsikana ali ndi zokometsera zokongola m'makosi mwawo - nthenga zakuda ngati kolala. Kuphatikiza apo, akazi amakhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino, komanso wobiriwira kwambiri kumbuyo. Kukula kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi ma parrot, 35-42 masentimita m'litali, omwe 25 cm ndiye kutalika kwa mchira. Kulemera - 120-150 g.
Mawuwo ndiwokwera komanso okwera kwambiri, kukumbukira kukumbukira, ndipo sangasokonezedwe ndi mawu ena aliwonse. Amasindikiza "ke" lakuthwa ndi kuboola kuti akope chidwi chachikazi, osamveka mokweza ndikulira "kri-kri" pothawa, ndikuwayandikira ndi ma decibel "kii-ak" munthawi yopuma. Amapanga phokoso pafupifupi nthawi zonse komanso kulikonse. Ndikumveka kwa parrot yomwe nthawi zina imalepheretsa anthu kuti asagule khola lanyumba.
Komabe, ndiyotchuka kwambiri chifukwa chachilengedwe chake chosangalatsa komanso chosangalatsa, kuwonjezera apo, mbalameyi imagwirizana bwino ndi anthu komanso ziweto zina za aviary. Kuphatikiza apo, amaloweza ndikubala phokoso lambiri.
Pambuyo poyankhulana kwakanthawi ndi munthu mkanda parrot kuyankhulangakhale sizabwino kwambiri monga zitsanzo zina, koma zokwanira kuti ziwoneke zoseketsa. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, amatha kuloweza mawu 250. Komanso, chachimuna n’chosaiwalika kuposa chachikazi.
Chiweto chilichonse chiyenera kuchitidwa, ndipo mbalame yotchedwa parrot imakhalanso yotero. Amadziwika kuti kulankhula parrot amatha kutchula mawu achidule omveka bwino. Mwachitsanzo, "akuitana, ndikupita, ndikupita", "m'mawa", "Ndikufuna kudya", "uli bwanji?", "Ndimakukonda".
Mitundu
Ngati tikulankhula za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya parrot, ndiye kuti ndi ma 4 a subspecies okha omwe amatha kusiyanitsidwa, ogawidwa ndi malo okhala. Kunja, sizosiyana kwambiri.
Wachiafrika - Habitat: Guinea, Senegal, kum'mwera kwa Mauritania, Uganda, kum'mwera kwa Sudan, m'mphepete mwa Nile Valley ku Egypt, gombe lakumpoto kwa Africa, Sinai Peninsula. Osati kale kwambiri, idayamba kuchulukirachulukira ku Israeli, komwe kumaganiziridwa wowononga zamoyo (kufalikira ndi zochita za anthu ndikuwopseza zachilengedwe).
Wachi Abyssinian - wamba ku Somalia ndi kumpoto kwa Ethiopia.
Mmwenye - amakhala kumwera kwa India, magulu ambiri amitundu iyi amalembedwa padziko lonse lapansi. Kukula kwakukulu kuposa Africa.
Wosasamala (kapena kumpoto kwambiri) - Bangladesh, Pakistan, kumpoto kwa India, Nepal ndi Burma.
Zing'onozing'ono sizikudziwika za momwe mbalamezi zimafalikira komanso momwe zimazolowera zikhalidwe zamayiko osiyanasiyana, pomwe mtundu uwu sunabadwe koyambirira. Komabe, titha kuganiza kuti anthu onse olanda mwanjira ina ali ndi mizu yaku Asia.
Tsopano titha kuyankhula za mitundu ina ya parrot ya mkanda. Pambuyo pazaka zambiri posankha, zinali zotheka kubzala mitundu yoposa 200 yamitundumitundu ya mbalamezo. Mutha kuwona mbalame zachikasu, zoyera, zamtambo, zotuwa, zagolide, zamitundu ya turquoise ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ena a iwo alibe ngakhale mkanda.
Parrot wamtambo pachithunzichi imawoneka yosangalatsa kwambiri mumakampeni amitundu yambiri. Zikakhala pafupi, mbalame zowala, ngati utawaleza wam'masika, zimatha kusangalatsa ngakhale wokayikira kwambiri.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Malo ake obadwira ali ku South Asia komanso pakati pa Africa. Sikovuta kuti mbalamezi zizolowere moyo watsopano. Tsopano mbalame yotchedwa parrot ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri ya mbalame zotchedwa parrot, yomwe yazika mizu m'mayiko oposa 35.
Ma parrot amunyamula chisa m'mitengo
Moyo wabwino kwambiri kwa iwo ungatchedwe nkhalango zotentha ndi madambo ozizira. Komabe, kudera la Himalaya, amatha kuwoneka pamwamba pamadzi, mpaka 1,6 km. Amathera nthawi yawo yambiri akuyenda m'mitengo kapena kukhala panthambi. Amakonza zisa pamenepo, amalera ana, amapeza chakudya ndi malo ogona, osangomira pansi.
Pamalo athyathyathya, amayenda movutikira pang'onopang'ono, akuyenda. Amalepheretsedwa ndi mchira wautali ndi kuyika chala. Munthu wapaulendo akawona zinkhwe zazingwe zili pafupi. Nthawi yomweyo amakopa chidwi ndi kulira kwamphamvu komwe kumaphimba mosavuta mamvekedwe ena onse amvula yamvula.
Poganizira kuti mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimenezi nthawi zonse zimakhala m'magulu angapo, mlengalenga mumatha kukhala mokweza kwambiri. Mpaka dzuŵa litatuluka, mbalamezo sizimakhala bata, koma ndi cheza cham'mawa choyamba zimathamangira kukadya m'mawa ndikulira, kenako mutha kuwona momwe zimauluka mwachangu m'nkhalango.
Tsiku lawo lakonzedwa bwino. Gawo loyamba limagawana mpaka masana kuti adyetse, kenako nkuwuluka kupita kumalo othirira, kenako nkupuma. Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimakhala mumtengo kuti zizikhala zokha siesta - maola ochepa otentha. Zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira pamenepo, chifukwa zimaphatikizana ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira mu korona.
Pambuyo popuma, mbalamezi zimabwereza chakudya cham'mawa - choyamba zimawulukira kuti zikapeze chakudya, kenako zimapita kudzenje lakuthirira. Madzulo amabwerera ku mitengo yawo ndipo, atalimbana ndi malo abwino kwambiri, khalani chete ndikugona. Ma Parrot ndi mbalame zophunzirira kusukulu, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo pagulu limodzi kumatha kufikira zikwi zingapo.
Nthawi zambiri amakonza zisa zawo pafupi ndi minda kapena midzi, komanso mkati mwa mzinda. Alimi am'deralo sakonda mbalamezi chifukwa chodyera, mbalamezi zimawononga minda yawo modzikweza komanso mouma khosi. Ma parrot amkanda amapezeka ku Europe ndi America. Anabweretsedwapo ndi anthu, ndipo mbalamezo zidachulukirachulukira ndikufalikira m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Zakudya zabwino
Menyu yawo imakhala ndi mbewu ndi zipatso zowutsa mudyo, koma ndizotheka kuti amatha kudya chakudya chanyama kuti adzaze mapuloteni. Osachepera amatha kuwonekera pafupi ndi nyerere. Akuyang'ana china chake pamenepo ndikuwatenga ndi manja awo. Pofunafuna chakudya, monga tanenera kale, ali otanganidwa m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Zipatso, zipatso, mtedza ndizakudya za mbalamezi. Tsiku, guayava ndi mkuyu ndizosangalatsa kwa iwo. Nthawi zina pakati pa mitengo yazipatso amakumana ndi abulu, koma ndizovuta kuwatchula kuti opikisana nawo. Ma Parrot amachotsa zipatso zomwe zapachika kumapeto kwenikweni kwa nthambi, ndipo nyani sangathe kutuluka mmenemo.
Mbalamezi zimakonda kusangalala ndi timadzi tokoma. Zimakhadzula ndikuponyera masamba kuti alowe mumtima wokoma. Akutola chakudya, amamatira zolimba panthambiyo ndi zala zawo zolumikizidwa. Nthawi zakachilala komanso kusowa kwa chakudya, mbalame zimawonetsa kusamala pacakudya.
Choyamba, amakokera zipatsozo pafupi ndi mlomo ndi zibwano, kudya zamkati zokoma kwambiri, ndiyeno nkutulutsa njere zabwinozo. Ngati pali chakudya chochuluka, amachita mosiyana. Amadula zipatso mosasamala, natengamo zokoma kwambiri, m'malingaliro awo, ndipo chipatso chomwecho chimaponyedwa pansi.
Ali mu ukapolo, amadyetsa zosakaniza za tirigu, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba. Amawapatsanso nyama yophika kuti adzaze mapuloteni awo. Nthawi zina amakhala ngati achifwamba enieni. Pofunafuna chakudya, amatsegula matumba a tirigu kapena mpunga m'misewu yapamtunda yanjanji. Mlomo wakuthwa umang'amba chipolopolo cha phukusi lililonse, chifukwa chake zinthu zina, monga mtedza, zipatso ndi zipatso m'mabokosi, zimavutika.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Ali ndi zaka ziwiri, amatha kuonedwa kuti ndi okhwima. Amayamba kufunafuna bwenzi lawo pasadakhale, amadzipezera okha mkazi asanabadwe nyengo isanakwane. Izi mbalame zotchedwa zinkhoswe ndi odzipereka kwa wina ndi mzake moyo wawo wonse, ali ndi banja lolimba ndi wochezeka. Ku kontinenti ya Africa, nthawi yogona imakhala kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Novembala, kumwera kwa Asia - kuyambira Januware mpaka Marichi.
Pakati pa nthawi ya kukwatira, awiriwa amapatukana ndi gulu lankhosa ndikukhala limodzi
Mabanja omwe adalengedwa panthawi yovundikira amakhala patokha ndi gulu lankhosa. Amakhala pafupifupi nthawi zonse pafupi ndi nyumba yawo, yomwe amakonza mumtengo wamtengo, kapena m'malo osiyanasiyana komanso m'malo okhala. Yaimuna imayamba kuyenda modzikweza pamaso pa bwenzi lake panthambi, ndikumayankhula ndikuyesera kuwonekera kwa wosankhidwa muulemerero wake wonse.
Pambuyo pa kulingalira, mkazi amatenga mawonekedwe osayima ndikudzipachika pamapiko ake. Izi zikuwonetsa kufunitsitsa kukwatira. Nthawi zambiri amaikira mazira oyera 3-4, koma akamakwiririra, ndi anapiye awiri okha omwe amatha. Phatikizani masiku 22-24. Amadyetsa ana pamodzi, abambo ndi amayi, kwa masiku pafupifupi 40-50. Anapiye amadziyimira patokha patatha miyezi sikisi, nthenga za mbalame zazikulu zikamakula.
Ndi kovuta kunena kuti amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji m'chilengedwe, koma malinga ndi kafukufuku - pafupifupi zaka 10. M khola, amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 25 kapena kupitilira apo. Mu ukapolo, imabereka bwino, komanso nthawi zambiri kuposa mbalame zina. Ndi milandu yonse yokhayokha yomwe imawoneka m'miyendo, osati m'khola.
Kusamalira parrot osati zovuta kwambiri. Kusunga bwino, monga mbalame zina zazing'ono. Khola loyera siliyenera kulembedwa, ndikofunikira kusintha madzi akumwa nthawi zambiri, ndikofunikira kuti azidya zakudya zomwe amakonda. Limbikitsani mbalameyo nthawi zina, mulole iye aziuluka mozungulira nyumba.
Ingopachikani ukonde wa udzudzu pawindo kuti chiweto chanu chisakusiyeni pazenera. Khola liyenera kukhala ndi mtengo wawung'ono ndi zokongoletsera, ndodo ziyenera kukhala zitsulo zokha. Zina amatha kuzidya mosavuta. Ndipo monga zosangalatsa, mupatseni zidole - mabelu, magalasi kapena phokoso.
Adani achilengedwe
Mwachilengedwe, adani ake ndi mbalame zodya nyama, monga akadzidzi, akhwangwala, jay, ndi njoka ndizoopsa pamagulu. Nyama zina zotentha zomwe zimatha kukwera mitengo, monga agologolo, ma ferrets, ndi ma weasel, ndizowopsa kwa izo.
Nthawi zambiri, si mbalame yayikulu yomwe imawomberedwa, yomwe imatha kuwuluka nthawi zonse kapena kumenyera kumbuyo, zisa zokhala ndi mazira kapena anapiye. Komanso, mdaniyo ndi munthu amene amasaka mbalamezi kuti zigulitsidwe. Koma ambiri, palibe zowopseza anthu zomwe zidadziwika kulikonse.
M'malo momwe mbeu zawonongeka kwambiri, anthu amawongolera kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengerocho. Amayendetsedwa ndi phokoso lalikulu, kuwombera, ndi mazira amachotsedwa pazisa. Monga mbalame zomwe zikusemphana nawo, munthu amatha kutchula mawere, nkhunda, nyenyezi, ma nutch. Kwenikweni, zolimbana zonse zomwe zimachitika nawo zimachitika chifukwa cha malo achisa.
Zosangalatsa
- Akazi a mbalame zamphongo zamphongo amakhala okonda magazi komanso okonda nkhondo kuposa amuna. Akalimbana wina ndi mnzake, zitha kutha chifukwa cha m'modzi mwa omwe atenga nawo mbali.
- Ngakhale kuti mbalamezi ndizomwe zimakhala kumadera otentha, kusintha kwawo kosiyanasiyana mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana kumatha kuzilola kuzolowera m'malo otentha. Mwachitsanzo, anthu achingerezi amadziwika, omwe amakhala pafupifupi mbalame chikwi.
- Amakonda kwambiri malo omwe adabadwira. Zimadziwika kuti mbalamezi zimauluka bwino, zimawonetsa kupirira pakuuluka, koma nthawi zonse zimakhala pafupi ndi nyumba zawo.
- M'zaka za m'ma 500 mpaka m'ma 1500, anthu olemekezeka achi India ankaona kuti kukhala ndi mbalame zotere kunyumba kwawo kunali kopambana. Icho chinali chiwonetsero cha moyo wapamwamba ndi chuma. Nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa munthawi yazaka za m'ma 16-17, wotchedwa Mughal.
