Echidna - nyama yodabwitsa yomwe imaphatikiza mitundu ingapo yazinyama. Kunja, imafanana ndi nungu, ndipo m'njira yake yamoyo - nyama yoimba ndi platypus.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a echidna
Echidna pachithunzichi imafanana ndi nungu chifukwa chakuthwa kwake ndi mchira wake wawung'ono. Komabe, mitsempha yake siitali ndipo ndi yofiirira-yachikaso mtundu. Chovala chanyama chimakhala chosalala, chokhala ndi bulauni wonyezimira, chopangitsa kuti chiziphatikana ndi nthaka yakuda ndi masamba akugwa.
Mitundu yake imapangidwa ndi keratin ndipo imakhala yopanda mkati. Kukula kwa echidna sikumadutsa theka la mita m'litali, ndipo kulemera kwake kumatha kufananizidwa ndi mphaka wamkulu - mpaka 8 kg. Zala zazifupi zazifupi zimapangitsa kuti nyamayo inyamuke, koma echidna imasambira bwino. Miyendo ili ndi zikhadabo zomwe zimathandiza kuwononga nyerere, mapiri a chiswe, kudula khungwa pamitengo, kukumba maenje kuti mutetezedwe ndi kugona.
Pa miyendo yakumbuyo pali zikhadabo zazitali zolumikizidwa zomwe echidna imasakaniza tsitsi pakati pamtsempha. Amuna amakhala ndi ziboda zapadera. Izi zimaganiziridwa kuti zimakhala ndi poizoni, koma izi zidakhala zolakwika.
Echidna ili ndi lilime lalitali kwambiri komanso lowonda lomwe lili ndi mano
Masomphenya samakula bwino ndipo chinyama chimadalira pakumva komanso kununkhiza. Makutu ochititsa chidwi a echidna amatha kumva phokoso la tizilombo tating'onoting'ono pansi ndi mkati mwa mitengo yakugwa. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa echidna ndi zinyama zina ndikupezeka kwa cloaca, mbalame ndi amphibiya.
Mutu ndi waung'ono ndipo umaphatikizana bwino mthupi. Nyama ilibe khosi lotchulidwa. Mlomo umaoneka ngati chubu wokhala ndi lilime lalitali komanso lokakamira ngati chimbudzi (mpaka 25 cm). Mano akusowa, koma amalowedwa m'malo ndi mano a keratin ndi mkamwa wolimba, pomwe chakudya chimapakidwa.
Mitundu ya echidna
Echidnova banja si osiyana. Amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: echidna weniweni ndi prochidna. Pali gawo lachitatu, koma limawerengedwa kuti latha - Megalibgwilla. Katswiri wazinyama yemwe adafotokoza koyamba za echidna, chifukwa chofanana pakamwa ndi lilime, adaziyika ngati mtundu wazinyama.
Mapazi akuthwa a echidna amakhala ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu zomwe echidna amakumba nthaka
Ataphunzira za nyamayo, asayansi pambuyo pake adazindikira kuti nyamayo ndi banja losiyana. Echidna ya ku Australia yokha ndi ya njoka zenizeni. Ili ndi subspecies zisanu, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi malo okhala.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Moyo ndi zizolowezi echidna m'malo awo achilengedwe zimadalira pazinthu zambiri. Subpecies iliyonse imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso malo okhala. Khalidwe la nyama limadalira nyengo komanso malo. Echidna amakhala pa kontinenti ya Australia, zilumba za Papua New Guinea, Tasmania, komanso madera a Indonesia ndi Philippines.
Echidna yaku Australia imatha kusintha nyengo. Imatha kukhala m'chipululu chouma, nkhalango zouma komanso phazi pomwe kutentha kumatsika pansi pa 0.
Nyengo yozizira ikafika, echidna imabisala. Thupi lake limasunga mafuta, omwe amamuthandiza kupulumuka kusowa kwa chakudya. Hibernation sikoyenera kwa nyama. M'nyengo yofatsa komanso kupeza chakudya nthawi zonse, echidna imakhala moyo wabwinobwino.
Pakalibe chakudya chake chamtundu wa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nyamayi imatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, kuphatikiza ndi madzi, osadya. Mafuta omwe amasonkhanitsidwa panthawi yazakudya zambiri amateteza moyo wawo kwa mwezi umodzi.
Kwa moyo wa echidna, kupezeka kwa chakudya chachikulu ndikofunikira, ndipo chinyama chimasinthasintha mikhalidwe yazachilengedwe ndi mawonekedwe.
M'nyengo yozizira, echidna imabisala
Makhalidwe a echidna:
- Nyamayo imakhala ndi moyo wachinsinsi ndipo imakonda kukhala maso madzulo kapena usiku.
- Sipanga nyumba yokhazikika.
- Pakakhala ngozi, imakwiriridwa pansi, ndikuthira minga pamtunda. Ngati dothi silikulolani kuti muike maliro mwachangu, ndiye kuti limapindika kukhala mpira, ngati ma hedgehogs.
- Sizipanga banja ndipo limakonda kukhala lokhalo.
- Sichepetsa malire ake.
- Osachita ndewu kumtundu wake. Atakumana, njoka ziwiri zidzabalalika mbali zosiyanasiyana.
- Amasankha dothi lofewa, masamba, ming'alu ndi mitengo yakugwa ngati malo ogona.
- Chifukwa cha kutentha kwa thupi kwa nyama (mpaka madigiri a 33), sikulekerera kutentha ndi kuzizira. Ndikusintha kwakukulu kwanyengo, imakonda kudikirira kutentha mumthunzi, ndi kuzizira kwamphamvu mu tchuthi.
M'madera otentha, echidna imayenda nthawi iliyonse masana, koma m'malo otentha komanso ouma imadikira masana kutentha pamitengo ndi miyala. Pakakhala kutentha pang'ono, nyama imayamba kutopa ndikuchedwa. M'dziko lino, ndizosatheka kuthawa adani, choncho chinyama chimabisala mpaka nthawi yoyenera ifike.
Kusinthasintha kwa nyama kumakhala kosavuta kuyisunga m'ndende. Echidna ku Russia ndipo m'mayiko ena amakhala kumalo osungira nyama. Komabe, echidna imaswana m'malo opangira mosanyinyirika.
Zakudya zabwino
Echidna amadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Chakudya chachikulu ndi nyerere ndi chiswe. Pakamwa pakamwa pake pamalola lilime locheperako komanso lokakamira kulowa mkati mnyumba ya tizilombo. Pamodzi ndi chakudya, miyala ndi mchenga zimalowa m'mimba mwa nyama, zomwe zimakhudzanso chimbudzi. Pamodzi ndi nyerere, echidna imalandira zofunikira zonse, kuphatikiza madzi.
Pakalibe milu ya nyerere ndi chiswe, nyama ya echidna imalowa m'malo mwake ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono ndi mphutsi zamtengo. Kapangidwe kapadera ka mphamvuzi kamathandiza kuzindikira tizilombo. Kumva bwino, kununkhiza komanso kupezeka kwa magetsi kumakuthandizani kuti muwone msanga chiswe kapena nyerere.
Lilime la echidna ndilabwino kusonkhanitsa ndi kudya tizirombo tating'ono. Imatha kuphulika mpaka 50 mumasekondi 30. Kuthamanga kumeneku sikuloleza tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kuti tisiye nyumbayo. Pankhani ya kusowa kwa chakudya, echidna amasintha malo ake. Kuti achite izi, amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali pamtunda ndi pamadzi. Pofunafuna chakudya, nyamayo sachita mantha kufikira anthu ndi minda.
Chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri echidna ndi nyerere, chiswe ndi zina zazing'ono zopanda msana.
Kuswana echidna
Echidna, nyama yomwe imakonda kukhala payekhapayekha, imakumana ndi ziwombankhanga zake nthawi yokhwima yokha. Amakhala kumapeto kwa masika mpaka koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira. Zikakonzeka kuti zikhwerere, zazikazi zimatulutsa kafungo kabwino m'zaka ziwiri zilizonse ndikusiya zipsera zokopa amuna. Amuna angapo amasamalira mkazi mmodzi kwa mwezi wathunthu.
Munthawi imeneyi, ma echidna amakhala limodzi. M'nyengo yozizira yaku Australia, amadya, kudya ndi kugona limodzi. Pambuyo pa gawo la chibwenzi ndi chibwenzi, chomwe chimatchedwa "mwambo wachikwati" chimayamba.
Gulu la amuna, lomwe chiwerengero chawo chimafika anthu khumi, amayamba kuzungulira akazi. Amakumba dzenje lakuya mpaka 30 cm ndikukankhira otsutsana nawo. Pamapeto pake, wopambanayo atsimikizika, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi woyenera "mkwatibwi".
Mkwati atatsimikiziridwa, njira yogonana imayamba. Nyama zimagona mbali zawo kwa ola limodzi. Mkazi wokhala ndi umuna amasiya wamwamuna kwamuyaya, kupulumuka kwa ana amtsogolo kumadalira pa iye.
Kumenya mazira kumapitilira milungu inayi. Echidna ndi nyama yoyamwa oviparous. Dzira la echidna limakhala pafupifupi 15 mm kukula kwake. Mothandizidwa ndi minofu yam'mimba, chachikazi chimapanga khola pamimba pake, momwe amayikamo mwana wamtsogolo. Patatha sabata limodzi ndi theka, echidna yomwe yangobadwa kumene imawonekera.
Nyamayo imakhala yokutidwa ndi khungu losalala ndipo imasowa chochita. M'dera la thumba, pali munda wamkaka, womwe wakhanda umakwawa mothandizidwa ndi mafinya otukuka. Echidnas alibe mawere, choncho mkaka wa pinki umatulutsidwa molunjika pakhungu, pomwe mwana amanyambita. Mkaka uli ndi mtundu wa pinki chifukwa chazitsulo zambiri.
Echidna imadyetsa ana ake ndi mkaka
Pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, mkazi amatenga echidna yaying'ono mchikwama chake ndikudya mkaka. Mwana wamphongoyo amalemera msanga, amadzala ndi tsitsi, maso amatuluka ndikutseguka. Pambuyo kuthyola, kukula kwa chipatsocho ndi 1.5 masentimita, kulemera kwake ndi kochepera gramu imodzi, ndipo pakatha miyezi iwiri kulemera kwake kumafika magalamu 400-430. Mbewu yakula imakhala ndi minga, ndipo mkazi amabisala mu khola lokonzekera.
Amayendera kamodzi pa sabata kuti amudyetse mkaka wamafuta. Echidna yaying'ono imayang'aniridwa ndi amayi ake kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kenako amayamba ulendo wake wachikulire. Echidna amakula msinkhu wazaka ziwiri. Kuchepetsa kubereka komanso kuchuluka kwa ana kumalumikizidwa ndi kupulumuka kwabwino komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali.
Zamoyo ndi adani achilengedwe
Kutalika kwa echidna waku Australia kuthengo pafupifupi zaka 16. Zoo, pali zochitika pamene munthu amakhala zaka 45. M'malo awo, echidna samakonda kusakidwa. Nyama yosavulaza imazindikira chilombo isanatulukire. Zikatero, echidna imasiya mlenjeyo ndikubisala m'nkhalango.
Echidna imabisala kwa adani ake omwe angakhale adani m'nkhalango
Ngati alephera kuchoka, amaganiza zodzitchinjiriza. Nyamayo, ikapeza "linga" losagonjetseka lomwe lili ndi minga, nthawi zambiri siliika pachiwopsezo ndi kubwerera. Ngati nyama ili ndi njala kwambiri kapena ili ndi anthu ochepa, amayesa kukumba kuchokera mbali zonse kuti akafike kumalo osatetezeka.
Adani akulu ndi awa:
- Mdierekezi waku Tasmanian;
- Galu wa Dingo;
- agalu olusa;
- nkhandwe;
- munthu.
Anthu am'deralo amasaka nyamayo chifukwa cha mafuta ake okoma komanso athanzi, ndipo zodzikongoletsera zimapangidwa ndi singano zake. Chiwerengero cha echidna yaku Australia sikuti chatsala pang'ono kutha. Nyama zopanda vuto izi nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'malo awo achilengedwe. Adani akulu aanthu ndi misewu. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa chakuchedwa kwanyama.
Nyama ya echidna imathanso kukhala chiweto. Chifukwa chamakhalidwe ake osachita zankhanza, zimagwirizana ndi anthu ena. Mukamasunga echidna, muyenera kumvetsera kukonda kwake kusungulumwa. Aviary sayenera kukhala yaying'ono kwambiri, padzuwa kapena powonekera kwa aliyense.
Kunyumba echidna akuwonetsa kulakalaka kwake kukumba nthaka ndikukonzanso miyala. Chifukwa chake, ngati mumulola kuti apite kokayenda, ndikofunikira kupatula kuwonongeka kwa zomerazo ndi nyimbo zofunikira.
Mukamasunga nyama mu ukapolo, sizotheka kupeza ana. Ngakhale m'malo awo achilengedwe, nyamazi sizimaswana kwenikweni. Pali zochitika zingapo zodziwika za kubadwa kwa ma echidnas m'malo osungira nyama, koma achinyamata onse adamwalira asanakule. Mwina izi ndichifukwa chakusowa kwa ochita mpikisano pakati pa amuna ndi chidwi chochepa pakuswana.
Ali mu ukapolo, echidna imatha kuchita popanda zakudya zake zanthawi zonse. Ndi wolusa, chifukwa chake, zakudya zake zimaphatikizira nyama, mazira, mkaka. Echidna sichikana zipatso zoyera ndi mkate. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwa nyerere, chinyama chimafunikira kowonjezera madzi.
Mulimonsemo, ngati phulusa la nyerere kapena chiswe likupezeka pamalopo, ndiye kuti iyi ingakhale mphatso yapadera kwa echidna wapakhomo. Echidna ndi nyama yodabwitsa yomwe imangokhala ku Australia ndi zilumba zoyandikira. Nyama iyi imawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazizindikiro za boma ndipo imawonetsedwa pandalama, mapositi kadi ndi masitampu otumizira.
