Pakati pa zaka za zana la 18, Karl Linnaeus anaphatikiza dongosolo la Pelecaniformes m'thupi lake. Bungweli linapanga banja la nkhanu (Pelecanidae), yomwe idaphatikizapo nkhono pinki (Pelecanus onocrotalus).
Mbalamezi zinapeza gawo loyamba la dzinalo "pinki" ndi utoto wa nthenga zawo. Gawo lachiwiri likuwonetsa ukulu wa mlomo: liwu lachilatini pelicanus limatanthauza nkhwangwa. Kuphatikiza pa dzina lovomerezeka la pinki, palinso mayina a nkhanu yoyera, nkhanu yoyera yoyera komanso nkhanu yoyera yakummawa.
Dzinalo lodziwika limamveka ngati "bird-baba". Dzina lakutchulidwali linachokera ku mizu ya ku Turkey. Titha kutanthauziridwa kuti "mbalame ya kholo". Kuphatikiza apo, momwe zimakhalira ndi ana a mbalamezi ndizodabwitsa.
Nthano yoti mbalame idang'amba thupi lake ndikupereka magazi kwa anapiye idadziwika kuyambira nthawi zachikhristu zisanachitike. Pelican lero ikuyimira chikondi chodzipereka kwa achinyamata.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mlomo wodabwitsa ndiye chinthu chachikulu mbalameyi. Akuluakulu amatha kufika masentimita 29-47. Khosi ndi lalitali, lopindika mofanana ndi chilembo "s". Milomo yolemetsa imakukakamizani kuti musunge khosi ndi mutu kumbuyo nthawi zambiri.
Palinso zina zabwino kwambiri. Chiwombankhanga chimalemera makilogalamu 10-15 pinki, zimbale zopotana Ndi m'bale yekhayo amene amalemera kwambiri. Mapikowo amafikira mamita 3.6. Malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi, mbalameyi imakhala yachiwiri. Ndi albatross wamkulu yekha amene amakhala ndi mapiko okulirapo.
Kutalika kwa mbalame kuyambira pachiyambi cha mlomo mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira ndi mita 1.75-1.85. Mchira kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 20. Ma paw ndi olimba, afupikitsa: kuyambira 13 mpaka 15 sentimita. Akazi ndi ochepa pang'ono pa 10-15% kuposa amuna. Gulu la nkhono lili ndi dzina lachiwiri: ma copopods. Chifukwa cha ulusi womwe umalumikiza zala zakuphazi.
Nthenga za mbalameyi ndi zoyera ndi utoto wapinki, womwe umalimbikira m'mimba mwa thupi. Nthenga zazikulu zowuluka zili ndi mafani akuda, ndodo zoyera. Otsatirawo ali ndi mafani imvi.
Madera ozungulira maso alibe nthenga, khungu limakhala la pinki. Mlomo ndi wotuwa ndi chitsulo wokhala ndi nsonga yofiira komanso mkombero wofiira wa nsagwada. Nsagwada zam'munsi zimalumikizidwa ndi thumba lakhosi. Chikwama chotanuka ichi ndi imvi ndi chikasu chachikaso kapena cha kirimu.
Mitundu
Vuwala wamapiko amakhala madera akuluakulu ochokera ku Eastern Europe mpaka kumwera kwenikweni kwa Africa komanso ku Balkan mpaka Philippines. Komabe, palibe mtundu umodzi womwe udapangidwa mu mtundu uwu. Madera akumaderako amasiyana mitundu, kukula, komanso mawonekedwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, kusiyanasiyana kumapangidwa. Koma kusiyanaku sikungokhala kwenikweni, ndipo sikungapereke zifukwa zosankhira anthu ngati subspecies yodziyimira pawokha. Ngakhale tikukhala mosiyanasiyana pinki lungu - mbalame mtundu wa monotypic.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Achi Pelican amakhala m'magulu kuchokera kumagulu angapo mpaka mazana angapo. Gululo limaphatikizapo mbalame za mibadwo yonse. Izi ndi mbalame zokhazikika, zimakhala bwino ndi mbalame zina. Pali nthawi zina pomwe amuna amakwiya kwambiri. Izi zimachitika nthawi yakumasirana.
Kutsutsana sikufanana kwenikweni ndi nkhondo yeniyeni ndipo ndikuwonetseratu. Mbalameyi imakoka mlomo wake, ndipo amaimenyera komwe kuli adani. Zimamveka ngati kukuwa kwa nkhumba. Wotsutsayo mwina amachotsedwa kapena kuyankha mofananamo.
Mwamwayi, m'modzi mwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali agwira ena milomo. Mwamphamvu amapendeketsa mutu wake ndikuwukonza (mutu wotsutsa) pamalo amenewa kwa masekondi 2-3. Apa ndipomwe duel imathera. Zazimayi zimaonetsa kukonzeka kuteteza ndi kuukira pamene zaswa mazira. Pokhala mchisa, mkazi salola kuti alendo abwere pafupi ndi mita.
Kuyandikira kwa mbalame kwaokha ndi chisa cha wina kumachitika malinga ndi mwambo winawake. Pofikira pachisa chake, mbalameyo imalira kwambiri. Mkazi amachoka pachisa chija ataweramitsa mutu. Mbalame zimadutsa zisa za anthu ena ndi mapiko otseguka pang'ono, ndi khosi lawo ndi mlomo wawo utatambasulidwa mmwamba.
Zisa zimapezeka mdera lomwe nyama sizingathe kufikako: m'nkhalango zam'madzi. Pazilumba zopangidwa kuchokera ku bango ndi ndere, zipolopolo zosazama ndi mchenga. Malo otere a nkhosa amapezeka m'matupi amadzi amchere ndi amchere, madambo, m'malo otsika a mitsinje ikuluikulu. Kuchokera kumalo obisalira, ziweto zimatha kusamukira kudera lomwe kuli nsomba zambiri.
Pali onse omwe amangokhala komanso osamuka. Gululo limatha kukhala nthawi yozizira komanso yotentha ku Africa kapena kuuluka komweko nthawi yachisanu. Omwe amasamukira kudziko lina nthawi zambiri amasakanikirana ndi ziweto. Zotsatira zake, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe, kuchuluka kwa mbalame zachisanu ndi zosamuka. Kulumikizana kwa magulu komwe oyang'anira mbalame amagwiritsa ntchito kuti adziwe njira zosamukira sikukutulutsa zotsatira zabwino.
Zakudya zabwino
Achielican amadya nsomba zokha. Njira yoigwira ndiyodabwitsa. Mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito nyama yodyera limodzi, zomwe ndizosowa kwambiri pakati pa mbalame. Amakhala pamzere. Amakupiza mapiko awo, amapanga phokoso lambiri ndipo pang'onopang'ono amapita kunyanja. Chifukwa chake, nsomba zimayendetsedwa m'madzi osaya, pomwe imagwidwa ndi nkhwangwa.
Palibe umboni wodalirika wosonyeza kuti mtundu uwu umatha kumira. Zokongola zapinki pachithunzichi kapena mu kanemayo amangotsitsa mkamwa, mutu ndi khosi m'madzi. Ntchito yosodza imafanana ndikutola nsomba ndi chidebe. Anglers amphona amatha kulumikizidwa ndi cormorants kapena mbalame zina zam'madzi.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Asanaike chisa, gulu lililonse limakhamukira m'magulu akuluakulu. Maderawa atha kuwerengera anthu masauzande. Gulu likalowa pagulu lonselo, kumayambira awiriawiri. Mbalame zimakhala zokhazokha, koma mabanja amasungidwa nthawi yokwatirana yokha.
Posankha wokwatirana naye, amuna amodzimodzi amasonkhana m'magulu ndikudziwonetsa ndikukweza mitu ndikupanga mawu ofanana ndi kulira. Kenako kufunafuna kwachikazi kumachitika mwadongosolo. Pakhoza kukhala ma cavaliers angapo ofuna kubwezerana.
Kenako pamakhala mikangano yayifupi, momwe mwamuna wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wachangu kwambiri amatsimikizidwira. Gawo loyamba la kumangiriza limatha. Mbalame zimayamba kukondana.
Maulendo awiriawiri, maulendo apandege ophatikizana, maulendo apansi amaphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu yakukopana. Poterepa, zochitika zapadera zimalandiridwa ndipo mawu apadera amatulutsidwa. Chibwenzi chimathera pakupeza malo chisa.
Awiriwa amayenda madera onse oyenera kutero. Pakusankha tsamba labwino, banjali litha kumenyedwa ndi ena omwe adzafunse. Kuteteza tsambalo ku chisa chamtsogolo kumachitika mwachangu, koma osavulala.
Pambuyo posankha malo pachisa, kuswana kumachitika. Masana, mbalamezi zimagwirizana kangapo. Pambuyo pokhalitsa, mapangidwe a chisa amayamba. Omanga wamkulu ndi wamkazi. Yaimuna imabweretsa nthambi, udzu, mabango.
Kuba kwa anansi sikuonedwa ngati konyansa m'gulu lililonse la mbalame. Achi Pelican amakonda kutulutsa zinthu zamtunduwu. Pansi pa chisa chimatha kukhala mita imodzi m'mimba mwake. Kapangidwe kamadzuka kutalika ndi masentimita 30-60.
Mkazi amaikira mazira awiri okha pakadutsa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Kuyambira nthawi yomwe dzira loyamba limapezeka pachisa, amaswa amayamba. Izi zimachitika ndi mkazi. Nthawi zina chachimuna chimalowa m'malo mwake. Ngati clutch imamwalira pasanathe masiku 10, mazirawo amatha kuikidwanso.
Makulitsidwe amatha masiku 30-40. Mabanja onse m'gulu ali ndi anapiye nthawi imodzi. Amaswa wamaliseche, akuchulukirachulukira pakatha masiku atatu. Onse makolo amatenga nawo mbali podyetsa. Poyamba, nyama zazing'ono sizimangoganizira za chakudya ndipo makolo amayenera kulimbikitsa kudya.
Kenako achinyamata adalandira kulawa ndikukwera mwamphamvu kukapeza chakudya pakamwa ndi pammero pa kholo. Pakakwanitsa mlungu umodzi, anapiyewo amachoka pachakudya chosagayidwa pang'ono kupita ku nsomba zazing'ono. Odyera akamakula, kukula kwa nsomba zomwe mbalame zazikulu zimadyetsa zimawonjezeka. Thumba la mmero limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chodyetsera.
Awiriwo amadyetsa anapiye awiri, koma ndi amisinkhu yosiyana. Wamkuluyo amaswa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri m'mbuyomu. Ndi yayikulu kuposa mwana wachiwiri. Nthawi zina, popanda chifukwa, imagunda wachibale wachichepere, kumenya ndi mlomo ndi mapiko. Koma, pamapeto pake, banjali limatha kudyetsa ziweto zonse ziwiri.
Pambuyo masiku 20-30, anapiye achoka pachisa. Gulu la nyama zazing'ono limapangidwa. Amasambira limodzi, koma amangodya makolo awo okha. Pambuyo pa masiku 55 atabadwa, anapiyewo anayamba kusodza okha. Pakadutsa masiku 65-75 kuchokera pakubadwa, ziwombankhanga zazing'ono zimayamba kuwuluka ndikulephera kudalira makolo awo. Pakatha zaka zitatu, mbalamezo zimakhala zitakonzeka kuphatikizana.
Ngakhale atayesetsa chotani, mbalame zapinki, monga mbalame zina zomwe zimanyamula madzi, zimakhala pachiwopsezo cha adani. Ankhandwe, zilombo zina zapakati, nthawi zina zimapeza njira yopita kumtunda. Amawononga zokopa, amapha anapiye, ndipo amalowerera mbalame zazikulu.
Ntchentche zimatha kuwononga zisa. Koma ziwombankhanga sizimawononga kwenikweni. Vuto lalikulu limayambitsidwa ndi zochitika zachuma za anthu. M'zaka za zana la 20 ndi 21, pali kuchepa kosalekeza kwa ziwombankhanga. Tsopano chiwerengero cha mbalamezi ndi 90,000 pawiri. Chifukwa cha manambalawa khungu la pinki m'buku lofiira adalandira LC (Wosasamala).
Peresenti 80 ya anthu onse ali ku Africa. Masamba akuluakulu aku Africa ndi Mauritania National Park. Anthu 15-20 zikwi zimamanga zisa kumwera kwa Asia. Mu Palaearctic yense, pali zitsanzo 5-10 zikwi zokha zomwe zikuyesera kubereka.
Ndiye kuti, malo osiyana, achikhalidwe cha mbalameyi, ambiri, mwabwino, mbalame mazana ambiri zimatha kuyendera. Chifukwa chake, kulikonse mbalame ili pansi pa chitetezo cha boma.
