Ermine amatchedwa nyama yaying'ono yonyamula ubweya, yomwe ndi ya banja la "weasel". Nyama za banja lino zatchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo okongola komanso nkhani zina zopangidwa ndi anthu osiyanasiyana ndipo pambuyo pake zidakhala ngati nthano.
Anthu akale anali ndi malingaliro akuti ngati dothi lifika pa malaya amtengo wapatali a ermine, nyama imafa. Chifukwa chake, amamulemekeza ndikuyesera kumuteteza. M'masiku amenewo, ubweya wamtengo wapatali umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokongoletsa za zipewa, mikanjo ndipo, zachidziwikire, zinali zokongoletsa zokongola za madiresi.
Kutchulidwa kwa ermine kungapezekenso muzojambula, pomwe munthu wake amatanthauza kuyera ndi chikhalidwe. Ngakhale wojambula wamkulu Leonardo da Vinci, mu chithunzi chake The Lady with the Ermine, adatsimikiza za kukongola konse ndi chiyero chamakhalidwe a Cecilia Galleroni, yemwe amadziwika ndi mfundo zake komanso maphunziro ake.
Ndipo ngakhale lerolino, ambiri amaganiza kuti nyama yaying'ono komanso yamadzi ngati imeneyi ndi yopatsa ulemu komanso yamakhalidwe abwino.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Monga tanena kale, ma ermines ndiomwe amaimira ma weasel, mawonekedwe ake amakumbutsa nyama ina yotchuka - weasel. Nthawi zina amasokonezeka ngakhale. Komabe, ngakhale izi, ataphunzira mwatsatanetsatane zofunikira zonse, munthu nthawi yomweyo amawona kusiyana kwake.
Ermine ndi yaying'ono pang'ono kuposa "mnzake" wapamtima, mchira wake ndi wamfupi ndipo chovalacho chili ndi mtundu wina (ngakhale mawonekedwe ofananira a weasel ndi ermine akadali kukula kwa nyama ndi kutalika kwa mchira, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ubweya wofanana) ...
Kufotokozera mwachidule chinyama:
- ili ndi thupi lokoma, laling'ono, koma losinthika, lomwe kutalika kwake kumakhala masentimita makumi atatu m'litali;
- mchira ndi wautali kwambiri - mpaka sentimita khumi ndi chimodzi;
- kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu nthawi zambiri amakhala magalamu 180-210;
- monga oimira ena ambiri, akazi ndi ocheperako poyerekeza ndi amuna;
- ermine - nyama-wodyetsa.
Nyama izi ndizodabwitsa kwambiri mchilimwe - nthawi yomwe ermine imasintha pang'ono, ndipo ubweya umakhala wachikuda. Msana, komanso mutu, ndi bulauni; mimba, limodzi ndi bere, limakhala lachikasu. M'nyengo yozizira, momwe zinthu zimasinthira ndi mtundu ndizosiyana pang'ono.
M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kupeza ermine yoyera ndi chipale chofewa chokhala ndi ubweya wa silky ndi nsonga yakuda ya mchira (mwa njira, ndi chifukwa chake mutha kuzindikira nyama mosavuta). Kunsonga kwa mchira sikusintha mtundu chaka chonse. Mtengo wa ubweya wa ermine umatsimikiziridwa ndi kukwera mtengo kwake komanso kusowa kwake pakati pa opanga malaya amoto.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kukhala nyama zazing'ono komanso zopanda ungwiro, ermines amakhala pafupifupi kudera lonse la Eurasia. Amawonekeranso ku Asia, Afghanistan, Iran, China (gawo lakumpoto chakum'mawa), Mongolia, Japan ndi mayiko ena ambiri. Malo okhala ndi North America, kapena kani - Canada, kumpoto kwa United States (osawerengera Zidikha Zazikulu), Greenland.
Zolemba! Anthu adayesapo kubzala ermine mdera la New Zealand kuchepetsa akalulu. Komabe, lingaliro ili lidayamba kulamulidwa, ndipo nyama zolusa sizinangothana ndi ntchito yawo yoyambirira, koma zidayamba kuvulaza nyama zina ndi mbalame, makamaka, kiwi.
Ermine sikhala m'zigawo za Central Asia (makamaka, m'zipululu zotentha) komanso pazilumba za Arctic, zomwe zimadziwika ndi chisanu choopsa.
Nthawi zambiri, kusankha malo okhala ndi chinyama kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri, monga kuchuluka kwa mbewa, kupezeka kwa mitsinje yapafupi, nyanja, tchire, nyengo ndi zina.
M'kati mwa nkhalango, ermine ndiyosowa kwambiri. Amakonda kukhazikika m'malo oyera, m'mbali mwa nkhalango, koma nthawi yomweyo, malowa ayenera kubisika. M'nkhalango ya m'nkhalango, mumakhazikika m'nkhalango za spruce, nkhalango za alder, zigwa. Simaopa kucheza ndi anthu, nthawi zina amakhala m'minda kapena m'minda.
Chigumula chikabwera, nyama imasamukira kumalo awo akale. Amakonda kukhala nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi midzi, midzi (malo omwe makoswe amakhala okwera). Nthawi zina ermine imatha kuwonedwa mu udzu, chitsa cha mtengo, kapena pamulu wa miyala wamba.
Ndiwodzichepetsa posankha nyumba, koma samadzikumbira yekha, pogwiritsa ntchito makina okonzeka (mink ndi malo ena obisalamo). Chosangalatsa ndichakuti amuna kapena akazi okhaokha samakhala limodzi chaka chonse ndipo amangowoneka nthawi yogonana.
Masana fufuzani nthawi zambiri amabisa, amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri usiku. Ndi chikhalidwe chake, nyamayo imakhala yothamanga, yothamanga komanso yosinthasintha, imakhalanso yosambira komanso kusambira.
Monga kwadziwika tsopano ermine - nyama yochokera kubanja la ferret, chilombo chaching'ono komanso chowoneka chokongola, chomwe chimayenda mwachangu kwambiri kuchokera kumalo kupita kwina, sichimawopa anthu (koma pakagwa ngozi chimatha "kuluma" mwamphamvu) ndipo imakhetsa magazi kwambiri (kachiwiri, pangozi). Wodekha, samveka, amakhala chete, koma akakhala wokondwa, amatha kulira mokweza, kulira komanso kuwuwa.
Nyama zazing'onozi zimasambira bwino kwambiri, ndikukwera mitengo kapena malo ena aliwonse. Koma nthawi zambiri amasaka pansi, chifukwa ndi komwe nyama imakonda kukhala.
Chinthu chapaderadera choterechi chitha kutchedwa kuti nyama zakubanja la "weasel" sizingakhale ndi wina (mu ukapolo). Popanda ufulu kwakanthawi, amasiya kukhala ndi ana, motero amafa msanga.
Munthu aliyense ali ndi gawo lake lomwe limatha kupitilira mahekitala 15. Amakhala okha (wamwamuna amakumana ndi wamkazi kamodzi pachaka). Amasintha nyumba zawo nthawi zonse (amasunthira m'mabowo a makoswe omwe adawapha).
Kudyetsa stoat
Ermine, ngakhale amawoneka okongola komanso osavulaza, akadali nyama yodya nyama. Zakudyazi zimachokera makamaka ku mbewa za mbewa ndi makoswe ena akuluakulu.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, ma ermines (makamaka azimayi) nthawi zambiri amalowa m'mayenje ang'onoang'ono ndikupeza nyama yawo kumeneko. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti amuna azichita izi chifukwa chokhazikika. Chifukwa chake, ndi akazi omwe amawoneka ngati osaka odziwa makoswe ndi nyama zina.
Zinyama sizimenyedwa pafupipafupi:
- tizilombo;
- hares;
- mbalame ndi mazira awo;
- nsomba;
- njoka.
Kuti aphe wovulalayo, nyama imaluma kumbuyo kwa mutu. Ngati nyamayo ikadali ndi moyo, imabwereza kuluma. Nsomba zimazunguliridwa pogwiritsa ntchito kupenya, makoswe amawazonda pogwiritsa ntchito kununkhiza, ndipo tizilombo timatsatiridwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawu. Nthawi zanjala zikafika, anthu ena am'magulu amayamba kuba chakudya chachisanu (nyama, nsomba) kuchokera kwa anthu.
Zakudyazi ndizopangidwa ndi hamsters, chipmunks, muskrats, vole mbewa shrews ndi ena ambiri, kuphatikizapo hares, agologolo ndi mbalame. Nthawi zanjala zikafika, ermine amasintha zakudya zake kukhala zomwe mazira, nsomba, achule, abuluzi, tizilombo zimafalikira (oimira atatu omalizawa samasakidwa kawirikawiri). Kuukira pafupipafupi ma partgeges, akalulu, hazel grouse, grouse yamatabwa (nyama zazikulu kuposa ermine).
Mwa njira, ermine, mosiyana ndi weasel, nthawi zambiri amasankha nyama zomwe zimakhala zazikulu 1.5-2 kuposa izo. Ambiri aiwo adalembedwa kale, koma mndandandawu umaphatikizaponso ma voles amadzi, mandimu ndi ena ambiri. Ndikudya mopitirira muyeso, chinyama chimazisungira mtsogolo.
Adani
Ma Ermines nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi nkhandwe za polar, mbalame zodya nyama, akadzidzi, ma lynx ndi martens, masabata, elk, nkhandwe, mbira ndi nyama zina. Nthawi zina mumatha kuwona momwe kanyumba wamba kamagwirira nyamayo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Mkazi mmodzi kapena wamwamuna amatha kukhala ndi zibwenzi zingapo. Mwachidule, ziweto ndi nyama zamitala zomwe zimaswana kamodzi pachaka. Nthawi yogonana imakhala m'nyengo yozizira komanso yotentha (nthawiyo ndi miyezi inayi - imayamba pa Novembala makumi awiri ndikutha kumapeto kwa Juni).
Amayi apakati amayenda kwa miyezi naini kapena khumi. Kukula kwa mluza "kumatha" mpaka kumayambiriro kwa masika, ndipo kale Meyi amatha kubadwa (pafupifupi chaka chimodzi kuchokera pakubereka komweko).
Mkazi amagwira ntchito yolera ndi kudyetsa basi. Nthawi zambiri, kuchokera pamunthu m'modzi amatha kuwonekera ana khumi (khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri mpaka 10). Kumayambiriro kwa moyo, kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi magalamu anayi, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi mamilimita atatu, sawona chilichonse, samva chilichonse ndipo alibe mano (amayamba kuwona bwino atangotha mwezi umodzi kapena kupitilira pang'ono).
Ndipo pakatha miyezi itatu sangathe kusiyanitsidwa ndi akulu. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, amatha kupeza chakudya chawo pawokha.
Amayi amakula msanga mokwanira - m'mwezi wachitatu kapena wachinayi, koma ndi amuna zinthu zimasiyana pang'ono - amakula msinkhu chaka chokha atabadwa. Amuna achikulire okhwima ogonana nthawi zambiri amapezera mtsikana, yemwe msinkhu wake sudutsa miyezi iwiri, ndikumuphimba kwathunthu.
Mwachilengedwe, njira iyi yopulumutsira nyama ndiyosowa. Zaka zokulirapo zomwe munthu akhoza kukhala zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri (nthawi zambiri zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu).
Kodi kufunika kwa masitima ndi chiyani kwa anthu?
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti ziweto zilibe vuto lililonse. Pakadali pano pangozi, makamaka ngati kuwopsa kumeneku ndi nkhanza zimachokera kwa munthu wina, ndiye kuti nyamayo imamuukira mosavuta ndikumuluma kapena kumukanda kwambiri. Koma kwenikweni, munthu akawonekera patali, ermine amayesetsa kuti amuphunzire mosamala, lingalirani
Chifukwa choti malo okhala akuwonongeka, mtundu wa chakudya umachepa, ndipo kusaka komwe kumachitika pafupipafupi, kuchuluka kwa nyama zolusa kwatsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi mosakaikira ndikusaka. M'mbuyomu, malaya abweya, zipewa ndi zinthu zina zidapangidwa kuchokera ku ubweya, koma izi zidakhudza kuchuluka kwawo.
Stoat idatchulidwa mu Red Book monga nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Ubwino wa chinyama chaching'ono ichi ndichodziwikiratu - imapha nyama zodwala, mbewa zoyipa ndi zina. Dziko lina laletsanso kusaka nyama.
Zosangalatsa…
- m'maiko ena nyengo yotentha komanso kusowa kwa nyengo yozizira, nyamazo sizisintha utoto waubweya wawo, sizimasanduka zoyera. Koma izi zimachitika pokhapokha mukawabweretsa kumadera ozizira, mizinda (Siberia, Russia ingatchulidwe monga chitsanzo). Atafika kale, amayamba kutembenuka (makamaka patatha sabata). Ma Ermines amatha kuwongolera utoto wa malaya awo chifukwa cha nyengo;
- chinyama chimachita chilichonse mwachangu kwambiri, ngati chiwawa chimachokera kwa munthu kapena nyama ina, chimagunda ndikupweteketsa mtima;
- amatha kupha buluzi, njoka kapena kugwira nsomba m'madzi (ngakhale kutentha kwa subzero kulibe kanthu pankhaniyi);
- ermine itagwira ndikipha khoswe wamadzi, nthawi yomweyo amadzipangira chuma chake chonse;
- amadya nthawi zambiri (amatha kufa ngati palibe chakudya kwa maola khumi);
- Akazi (65-70 magalamu) ndi opepuka kwambiri komanso ocheperako kuposa amuna (mpaka magalamu 250);
- ngati pali nyumba yokhalamo anthu, yomwe ili pafupi ndi nyumba ya ermine, amayamba kuba nkhuku ndi mazira awo.
