Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Nsombayi idapezeka koyamba m'madzi akumwera kwa Asia ku subcontinent yaku India mchaka choyamba cha 19th century, ndipo wofufuza waku England Hamilton adafotokoza. Kumtchire, imapezeka mumitsinje ndi mitsinje ndi mafunde othamanga, othamanga, komanso nthawi zambiri, komanso m'minda yampunga yodzaza madzi.
Danio dzina loyamba – nsomba yaying'ono kwambiri (pafupifupi 5 cm). Zinali za kukula kwake, komanso mitundu yake yoyambirira, chidwi chofuna kusewera, kudzichepetsa komanso kuthekera kokhala mwamtendere ndi mtundu wawo, zomwe zidakopa chidwi cha amadzi am'madzi.
Masiku ano, anthu okhala m'madzi oterewa ndi otchuka kwambiri ndipo amaweta m'magulu ang'onoang'ono m'nyanja. Ndi magulu oterewa omwe amapezeka m'chilengedwe, chifukwa chake salola kuti atsekeredwe kunyumba, amakhala otopa kwambiri.
Omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto adabadwira ku ukapolo, chifukwa chake amasinthidwa kukhala amoyo komanso kuberekana m'malo opangira. Danio dzina loyamba ndi chikhalidwe chawo amakhala ovuta komanso osazindikira. Kunyumba iliyonse, amatha kukhala zokongoletsa zabwino, zokhala ndi zamoyo.
Tiyenera kuwonjezeranso kuti nsomba zotere zimatchedwanso masitonkeni a azimayi, ndipo nthawi zina - mbidzi zamtundu wawo wodabwitsa. Atavala modabwitsa, mtundu wachikuda nthawi zambiri umakhala wachikasu wowala, pomwe mikwingwirima yabuluu imayenda mozungulira thupi lonse lopindika, lopindika.
Njira yofananayo imafikira pamapiko achimbudzi ndi mchira. Kumtchire, mtundu uwu, pokhala woteteza, umathandiza nsombazo kukhala ndi moyo, kuzipangitsa kuti zisawonongeke kwa adani.
Mitundu
Zebrafish, yomwe nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti ndi banja la carp, imasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yayikulu yamitundu. Danio dzina loyamba - odziwika kwambiri komanso omwe amapezeka kwambiri pakuswana kwa aquarium. Makamaka otchuka pakati pa okonda zachilengedwe ndi nsomba zokhala ndi zipsepse zazitali, zotchedwa chophimba zebrafish. Koma pakati pa mitundu ina, pali otchuka kwambiri.
Mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri ya zebrafish iperekedwa pansipa.
1. fulorosenti. Mwachilengedwe, zolengedwa zotere sizimachitika, koma m'nyanja yamchere, chifukwa zimapezeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini ndipo zimakhala ndi jini lowala, lomwe limayambitsidwira m'mimba mwa nsomba.
Awa ndi ma zebrafish achikuda omwe amafalitsa ma ultraviolet ndikuwala koyera nthawi zonse mozungulira iwo. Zili pafupifupi 3 cm kutalika ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi utoto, buluu, wachikaso-lalanje, wobiriwira, ofiira owala komanso mitundu ina. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nsomba zoterezi zidapezeka kudzera mu kuyesa kosangalatsa kwa Dr. Gong mu 1999.
2. Kambuku kamene kamakhala ndi kambuku kamatchedwa ndi kambuku kamene kamadzaza thupi lake lonse. Zosiyanazi sizimachitikanso mwachilengedwe, chifukwa zidapezeka posankha.
3. Margaritatus ndi mitundu yokongola komanso yowala. Thupi la nsomba zotere limakongoletsedwa ndi mawanga agolide. Pamwamba pamakhala ndi mzere wachikaso wagolide, pansi pake pali lalanje lowala, zipsepsezo zakuthwa ndi velvety wakuda.
4. Danio mfundo. Thupi lake kumtunda limakhala ndi maluwa ofanana ndi rerio wamba, ndipo lakumunsi limadziwika ndi madontho akuda. Pansi pamimba ndi yoyera kapena lalanje. Kukula kwa zolengedwa izi ndi pafupifupi 4 cm.
5. Cherry. Ili ndi mtundu wa chitumbuwa-pinki, wokongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Zipsepse zimatha kukhala zachikaso kapena zofiira, koma zimatha kuwonekera poyera.
6. Chibengali. Kutalika kwa zolengedwa zotere ndi pafupifupi masentimita 8. Chiyambi chachikulu cha thupi lawo ndi silvery, chodziwika ndi mikwingwirima yabuluu komanso madera achikasu azitali. Mapiko a nsomba zotere ndizotalika modabwitsa, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zamtunduwu.
7. Ngale. Thupi la nsomba zotere ndizotalika, lokongoletsedwa ndi mzere wa lalanje, kutsogolo kowonekera bwino, kumbuyo kwake. Zipsepse zopanda utoto ndizofiyira pang'ono kapena zobiriwira. Nsombayo payokha imawala ndi mayi-wa ngale pambali inayake. Kutalika pafupifupi 5.5 cm.
8. Ziwombankhanga za pinki zimakhala ndi utoto wodabwitsa, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera yoyera. Uwu ndi mtundu wina wopangidwa mwanzeru. Mwachilengedwe, pali nsomba zotere, koma sizikuwoneka zokongola komanso zokongola. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama zotere ndikopitilira 4 cm.
9. Erythromicron ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ndi yaying'ono (pafupifupi 3 cm). Koma mitundu ya zolengedwa izi ndizoyambirira komanso zokongola kwambiri. Pa thupi la bluish-violet, mikwingwirima yaying'ono yopingasa imawonekera. Ndipo zipsepse, mchira ndi mutu zimakongoletsedwa ndi mtundu wa pinki, wachikaso ndi madera ena.
Mbidzi wamkazi mutha kusiyanitsa ndi nsomba zamphongo pamimba mozungulira (pot-bellied) pamimba. Chizindikiro chomwecho ndichabwino mitundu ina ya zebrafish. Zowona, ndi za anthu okhwima okha, chifukwa nsomba zazing'onozing'ono za amuna ndi akazi ndizofanana.
Zazikazi zachikulire sizongokhala zokhazokha, zimakhala zazitali kwambiri, komanso zosalala pang'ono. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala osamala komanso odekha. Danio rerio wamwamuna imawoneka yopyapyala kwambiri komanso yopepuka, koma imakhala ndi mayendedwe ambiri, chifukwa imadziwika ndikulimba mtima kowonekera.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Izi mwachilengedwe nsomba zophunzirira sizimakonda kusungulumwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhala ndi akazi okhaokha komanso ngakhale awiri awiriawiri amatha kuyambitsa zolengedwa zazing'ono zotere kukhala zopanikiza, kuphatikiza mantha awo komanso machitidwe awo ankhalwe. Mumtambo wa aquarium, amasungidwa bwino m'magulu asanu kapena kupitilira apo.
M'magulu oterewa, zebrafish nthawi zonse amakhala odekha komanso omasuka, amakhala mwamtendere, othamanga kwambiri, othamanga, oseketsa komanso ofuna kudziwa zambiri. Mwa zolengedwa zam'madzi zam'madzi zamtundu wina ndi mawonekedwe, ndizoyenera kwambiri kuti iwo asankhe omwe ali munjira zambiri zofananira ndi iwo.
Komabe, zimagwirizana bwino kwambiri, onse ndi anzawo komanso ndi mitundu yambiri yazinthu zina zochokera kuzamoyo zanyanja.
Zolemba za zebrafish Sizitengera zovuta zazikulu, chifukwa chake ngakhale akatswiri am'madzi am'madzi amatha kuthana ndi ntchitoyi mosavuta. Koma zinsinsi zina zingapo zikadalipo, chifukwa chake, pakuswana, zina mwazinthu zamoyozi ziyenera kuganiziridwa.
- Mwachilengedwe, awa ndiomwe amakhala m'madzi apamwamba. Chifukwa chake, powasunga kunyumba, ndibwino kuti ndere zochulukirapo sizipezeka pamwamba pa aquarium. Kupezeka kwa zomera zakuda kwambiri kumapereka mpata kwa ziweto zoterezi kuti zizikhala ndi mwayi wofutukula mtima wawo.
- Mphamvu yomwe, pomwe ma ward amayikidwa, sangakhale yayikulu kwambiri. Madzi a aquarium okwana malita 37 ndi okwanira kwa iwo, koma ndikofunikira kuti akhale otalika mokwanira kuti nsomba zizitha kuyenda momasuka m'mwamba mwake. Komabe, ndi m'nyumba zazikulu zam'madzi pomwe eni ake ali ndi chidwi chowonera momwe zolengedwa zoseketsa izi.
- Nsombazi sizikakamira kudera lamadzi, chifukwa chake zimatha kuikidwa mumtsinje wopanda madzi. Koma madzi sayenera kukhala osasunthika, amasintha tsiku lililonse osachepera gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a voliyumu yake ndikukhala ndi kutentha kotsika kuposa + 20 ° С. Chofunika ndichosefera chomwe chimapanga mafunde okwanira kutsanzira kuyenda. Apa, pazosefera, yakunja yolumikizidwa ndi mphamvu ndiyabwino.
- Chidebe chomwe chili ndi zebrafish chiyenera kuphimbidwa pamwamba. Kupatula apo, nthawi zambiri pamakhala milandu ikadumpha m'madzi pamasewera, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni komanso zakupha.
- Ndibwino kuti nsomba ziziyesa kutengera zachilengedwe zomwe zimadziwika m'nyanjayi. Pachifukwa ichi, mchenga wakuda, dothi labwino, zomera zoyenera m'madzi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: Moss waku Javanese, hornwort, madzi wisteria. Ndi bwino kubzala zomera zambiri, koma musaiwale kuyika malo okwanira osambira okhala m'madzi.
Zakudya zabwino
Madzi a zebra a aquarium sakukakamira kwambiri mtundu wa chakudya, chifukwa chake ndi omnivorous. Nsomba zotere ndizoyenera kudya, zonse zimakhala zouma, zowuma komanso zowuma, bola ngati zili zoyenerera kukula kwake. Izi zikhoza kukhala mphutsi za tizilombo, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mphutsi.
Zinyama zamtundu wamagazi wamagazi ndi ma tubifex zimapatsa mwayi mwayi kwa nyama ngati izi kufunafuna, chifukwa chake chakudya chamoyo nthawi zambiri chimalimbikitsidwa ndi akatswiri kuposa ena. Chakudya chouma chimakhala ndi zochenjera mukachigwiritsa ntchito, chithandizochi, musanalangize kuti muzinyowa mokwanira, kusambira kwakanthawi padziko.
Ziweto zoterezi ziyenera kulembedwa tsiku lililonse. Poterepa, voliyumu yonse imatha kudyetsedwa nthawi imodzi kapena kupatsidwa mankhwala angapo, koma pamagawo ang'onoang'ono, kugawa moyenera kudyetsa tsiku lonse.
Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti ziweto zazing'ono zam'madzi zimadya chilichonse munthawi yake, ndiye kuti, mphindi zitatu kuchokera pomwe nkhomaliro idayamba kapena koyambirira. Pakudya kamodzi, nthawi yolandila chakudya imatha kutambasula mphindi zisanu. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chakudya, mutha kudziwa mosavuta kuchuluka koyenera kugawa ma ward ngati amenewa.
Zamoyo zazing'ono zam'madzi izi ndizosusuka komanso ma gourmets, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti musamawononge mopitirira muyeso. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kudyetsa moyenera kumadalira kodi danio rerio amawoneka bwanji.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nsomba zoterezi zimakhwima pakutha miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Mwa akazi, pofika nthawi imeneyi, mimba imakhala yozungulira, ndipo amuna amakhala ndi utoto wobiriwira. Ndi pazizindikirozi pomwe eni ake nthawi zambiri amamvetsetsa kuti ma wadi awo ali okonzeka kuberekanso mtundu wawo.
Kupeza ana mu aquarium kuchokera ku nsomba zotere ndikosavuta. Danio ndiosavuta kupanga kuti abereke, ndipo mwachangu ndikosavuta kukulitsa ndi kudyetsa. Choyamba, muyenera kuwona awiri oyenera (kapena gulu, chifukwa pakhoza kukhala amuna angapo).
Ndi bwino kusankha anthu okulirapo ndikuwayika mosiyana ndi ena mu chidebe choyenera, mutapereka zofunikira koyambirira: madzi okhazikika, kutentha kwa pafupifupi 25 ° C, timiyala, moss, ndi zomera zam'madzi ziyenera kuyikidwanso pamenepo.
Komanso kuswana zebrafish imachitika mwanjira yachilengedwe: mazira omwe mayi wam'madzi amawagwiritsa amasankhidwa ndi anzawo, ndikupatsa mwayi wopanga zamoyo zatsopano.
Pamapeto pake, nsomba zazikulu zimayikidwa mumchere wamba, apo ayi amatha kudya mazira omwe adaikidwa. Ngati atakhalabe olimba, mwachangu adzawonekera kuchokera kumiyeso iyi ya moyo patatha masiku atatu.
Kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri oyamba, makanda amathandizidwa kukhala fumbi lokhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kwambiri tomwe akatswiri am'madzi amadzisinthira kuti akule okha. Ndipo mutha kusinthana ndi chakudya chowuma, chokhacho chokometsedwa kwambiri, kapena dzira yolk.
Mukamabereka mwachangu, ndikofunikira kuti musamalire munthawi yake kuchokera kuzinthu zazikulu kwambiri. Ngati izi sizingachitike, ndiye kuti omwe akuchulukirachulukira ayamba kudyetsa abale ndi alongo awo.
Danios samakhala motalika kwenikweni. Nthawi yoyesedwa mwachilengedwe ndi nsomba zotere nthawi zambiri imakhala yoposa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Nthawi zina, mbalame zazing'ono zam'madzi zotere zimatha zaka zisanu.
Matenda omwe angakhalepo ndi chithandizo chamankhwala
Tsoka ilo, nsomba zam'madzi am'madzi, monga zamoyo zonse, nthawi zina zimadwala. Samapewa tsoka lotere ndipo zebrafish rerio. Chisamaliro kuseri kwa ziweto zotere ndikosavuta, koma kumaphatikizaponso, mwazinthu zina, kuteteza nyama zazing'ono kumatenda osiyanasiyana omwe eni ake ayenera kudziwa.
Choyambirira, kupewa matenda kumapereka kuwunika kwa nsomba nthawi ndi nthawi, cholinga chake ndikupeza kuwonongeka pakhungu, chifukwa chazowawa zapa wadi kapena kuvulala kwamakina.
Koma apa ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kupwetekedwa kwachisangalalo pambuyo pa kupeza ndikusintha malo okhala sikofunikira nthawi zonse kuti chikhale chizindikiro chowopsa. Chizindikiro ichi chitha kukhala chitsimikizo cha kupsinjika komwe cholengedwa chaching'ono chimasintha pakusintha kwakunja.
Apa, zingakhale zomveka kuti wam'madzi ateteze ward yatsopano kutali ndi nsomba zina zomwe zili mchidebe china kuti awone momwe akuchitira. Ndipo pokha pokha chidaliro choti mkhalidwe wawo wokhutiritsa wabwera, nsomba zimatha kuponyedwa mu aquarium yonse.
Mwa matenda akulu a zebrafish, izi ziyenera kuzindikiridwa.
- Maso otupa. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa ndi izi: kukulitsa m'mimba, maso otupa. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chilengedwe cha m'madzi. Kuyika m'malo mwake moyenera kudzakhala njira yothandizira.
- Chililabombwe. Apa chifukwa chagona pakusamba kosakwanira kwa aquarium, chifukwa matendawa ndi opatsirana. Zizindikiro: kusintha kwa mtundu wa nsombazo (zimakhala zotuwa ndi dothi), komanso chikhumbo chachilendo chakuwombera (kukanda) pamakoma a aquarium. Pofuna kuthana ndi tsokalo, ndikofunikira kukweza kutentha kwamadzi mpaka 30 ° C ndikusambira ziweto ndi mchere wapatebulo. Pafupifupi njira zofananira zamankhwala ndizofunikanso pakakhala zopweteka zopweteka pakhungu la ziweto.
- Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu ndi owopsa osati kwa anthu okha, komanso kwa nsomba, ndipo nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha ndere ndi nthaka. Zizindikiro zake ndizopanda kudya, kutopa, ndi kuchepa kwa mamba. Apa, ngati mankhwala omwe amangothandiza magawo oyambilira, canimycin imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imasakanizidwa ndi chakudya.
- Alkalosis imachitika pamene acidity yamadzi yasokonezeka. Zizindikiro zake ndi: kuyabwa pakhungu, kupumula koonekera. PH buffer imagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezeretsa acidity.
Mwambiri, zebrafish imawonedwa ngati nsomba zathanzi kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito zodzitetezera zilizonse, amatha kusangalatsa eni ake ndi kusewera komanso mawonekedwe abwino.
