Nyama yokongola imagonjetsa kuphatikiza mphamvu ndi kukongola kwa chilombo. Dzina la sayansi Puma concolor limatanthauza "puma monochromatic ”, koma utoto wake umamupangitsa zovala zake zaubweya kukhala zapamwamba. Kuchokera pakulongosola koyamba kwa nyamayi m'zaka za zana la 16 mpaka lero, chidwi chanyama chakuthengo sichinathe. Kangapo konse, ayesapo kale kulimbana ndi nyama zolusa, ngakhale kuzipanga kukhala ziweto zawo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Puma amatchedwa mosiyana. Kuphatikiza pa chinthu chachikulu, mayina anafalikira: mkango wamapiri, cougar. Mwa nyama zogwirizana, nyamayo imakhala yachinayi kukula kwake, pambuyo pa kambuku, jaguar, ndi mkango. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika masentimita 180, mchira mpaka 70 cm, kulemera kwa munthu kumakhala pafupifupi makilogalamu 80, koma oimira akuluakulu adakwanitsa kuposa 100 kg. Makulidwe a Cougar akazi ndi 25-30% ochepera amuna.
Puma mphaka wamtchire
Thupi la chilombocho limasinthasintha modabwitsa. Nkhono zazikuluzikulu, zikhadabo zazikulu zomwe zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito zimagwira nyama. Pamiyendo yakumbuyo, yomwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa yakutsogolo, cougar ili ndi zala 4, kutsogolo - zala zisanu. Zikhadabo zakuthwa zimathandiza cougars kukhala m'mitengo. Monga ma feline onse, pali zidutswa zitatu za ziyangoyango.
Mutu wawung'ono umavala korona wamakutu ozungulira. Puma pachithunzichi nthawi zonse ndimaso owonekera ozunguliridwa ndi nthiti yakuda. Iris ndi imvi, hazel, wobiriwira. Ndi mano olimba, nyama zimaswa mafupa, ndikung'amba minofu. Msinkhu wa amphaka amtchire amadziwika ndi momwe mayini ndi ma incisors amakhalira.
Mtundu wa ubweya waufupi wamtunduwu ndi bulauni wokhala ndi imvi kapena chikasu. Msana ndi mutu nthawi zonse zimakhala zakuda kuposa gawo lamimba la nyama. Zoyera zoyera zili pachifuwa, pakhosi. Zolemba zakuda pamutu wa cougar, nsonga ya mchira, makutu.
Nyengo imakhudza utoto waubweya: kumadera akumpoto, ubweya wa nyama ndi imvi, m'malo otentha - ofiira. Ku Latin America, kuli anthu osowa owala kwambiri, oyera, amdima wakuda. Palibe ma albino ndi ma melanists pakati pa cougars. Cougar wakuda, heroine wa chojambula "Mowgli" - zopeka. Nthawi zina ma cougars akuda molakwika amatchedwa ma panther.
Puma pamtengo wouma
Mtundu wa ma puma ang'ono ndi osiyana. Ubweya wake umakutidwa ndi mawanga akuda, mikwingwirima yakuda pamapazi, mphete kumchira. Pambuyo pa miyezi 9 ya moyo, zizindikirazo zimatha, zimasowa kwathunthu ndi zaka ziwiri. Ubweya wa nyama ndi wandiweyani, wandiweyani.
Kusuntha kwa cougar kumakhala kothamanga, kofulumira; mukudumpha mwachangu, mchirawo umakhala wofanana. Mosiyana ndi ma jaguar ofanana, akambuku omwe amagwera mumsampha samangokhala amisala, koma ndi chiyembekezo chotsata cha msaki pambuyo poyesera kangapo kuti adzimasule.
Mosiyana ndi mikango ikuluikulu, akambuku a chipale chofewa, ndi akambuku, matumbawa sangathenso kulira mwamphamvu kapena kubangula. Koma amadzipukutira, monga okhala m'nyumba, polumikizana ndi ana, nthawi zina amafuula munyengo yamatenda.
Cougar ili ndi adani ochepa achilengedwe. Zofooka, nyama zazing'ono zimatha kuukiridwa ndi ma jaguar, ma grizzlies, ma alligator. Zowopsa zazikuluzikulu zimanyamulidwa ndi munthu yemwe amawachotsa, amatchera misampha. Puma nyama zakutchire kawirikawiri samenya munthu. Zinthu zowukiridwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto, ana akudutsa njira za nyama usiku. Kusunga njira zodzitetezera m'malo okhala nyama ndikwanira kupewa kukumana ndi zosasangalatsa.
Puma m'nyengo yozizira
Ku America, komwe kuli nyama zambirimbiri, nyama zikwizikwi zinawonongedwa. Chifukwa chakukwanira kwa ma cougars kuti azolowere malo osazolowereka komanso njira zosungira, kuchuluka kwa anthu pang'onopang'ono kukuchira.
Mitundu ya Cougar
Magulu amakono a cougars amachokera pakumangika kwa nyama kudera lina, kusiyana kwama genome.
Puma concolor couguar - mitunduyi imapezeka ku North America, kuphatikiza ma cougars osowa ku Florida. Habitat m'mphepete mwa nkhalango kumwera kwa Florida. Subpecies omwe amagwidwawo ali mu Red Book chifukwa cha zovuta zake.
Cougar yaku Florida yomwe ili pachiwopsezo
Nyamayo ndi yaying'ono, ofiira ofiira, ndi miyendo yayitali. Kusinthana kwa nyama komwe kumafanana kwambiri kunadzetsa mchira. Zifukwa zakutha ndizokhetsa madambo, poyizoni, ndikusaka nyama. Izi zikuphatikizaponso puma yakummawa, yomwe idatha mu 1925.
Puma concolor costaricensis - khalani ku Central America.
Puma concolor capricornensis - malo ogawa kum'mawa kwa South America.
Puma wokondana - wamba kumadera akumpoto kwa South America.
Puma concolor cabrerae - khalani m'chigawo chapakati ku South America.
Puma concolor puma - malo ogawa kumwera chakumwera kwa South America.
Pakadali pano, kusaka matumba sikuloledwa, ngakhale akupitilizabe kuwonongedwa chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimachitika pakuweta ziweto.
Kutha Kwa Cougar Kum'mawa
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Cougar amatchedwa mphaka waku America chifukwa chokhazikika m'zigawo zazikulu za North ndi South America. Chilombocho chimayang'ana madera okwera mapiri mpaka 4700 metres, nkhalango, zigwa za udzu, madambo. Kukwanitsa kusintha malo atsopano kumateteza zinyama ngakhale zitakhala zovuta. Cougars amatha kuchita zinthu zokwanira kukwera mitengo, kutsetsereka kwamapiri, ndikusambira m'madzi.
Chinyamacho chimatha kudumpha mpaka 6-7 mita kutalika, kulumpha pamtunda kutalika kwa 2.5-4.5 mita, ndikupanga liwiro la 50 km / h poyenda. Chizindikiro cha ma cougars ndimathamangidwe othamanga kwafupikitsa, kenako amatuluka. Chifukwa chake, nyama nthawi zambiri zimakwera pamwamba ngati ngozi ikuwopsa. Mlandu umafotokozedwa pomwe cougar idathawa pamwamba pa nkhadze yayitali, kuthawa gulu la agalu.
Cougars amadziwika ndi moyo wokhala wekha, kupatula nthawi yokwatirana. Malo osakira achikazi amatenga gawo lamalire a amuna, amakhala 26-350 km². Minda yamphongo ndi yayikulu kukula - 140-760 km², osadutsana. Amuna samakumana konse, kupatula nthawi ya moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Malire a ziwerengerowa amadziwika ndi zokopa pamitengo, kutulutsa nyama. Kusuntha kwanyengo zodyera kumachitika mdera lake. Kuchuluka kwa anthu kumadalira kuchuluka kwa masewera.
Cougar amasaka nthawi zambiri usiku - amatha kuona bwino komanso kununkhiza. Pofunafuna nyama, nyamayi ili ndi njira yakeyake. Nthawi zonse amamuukira mosayembekezereka - amalumpha kumbuyo kwake, amamugwetsa pansi ndi unyinji wake. Pafupifupi nyama zopangidwa ndi ziboda pafupifupi 45-50 pachaka zimazunzidwa. Nyama ya cougar yodya theka imakutidwa ndi masamba, nthambi, matalala.
Pakapita nthawi, zimabwerera kuzinyama zobisikazo, nthawi zina zotsalazo zimanyamulidwa ndi zilombo pamtunda wautali. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kukula kwa nyama imatha kupitirira chilombocho nthawi 5-7. Masana puma ndi nyama waulesi. Amakhala nthawi yopuma m'dzenje, akuwotcha dzuwa nyengo yabwino. Mphamvu, mphamvu, msanga, chinyengo cha chinyamachi zinayambitsa kukhulupirira kuthekera kwapadera kwa chilombocho. Bwanji totem nyama, puma kujambulidwa pazithunzi za ojambula.
Zakudya zabwino
Kusaka kwa mkango wam'mapiri kumayambira madzulo ndipo kumapitilira usiku. Zinthu zomwe zimagwidwa ndi ma artiodactyls, omwe amapitilira puma kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake. Potsutsana momasuka, nkhondoyo ikadatha pomenya msaki. Koma mochenjera komanso luntha, chomwe chimadabwitsa ndizo zabwino zazikulu za cougar yodya nyama. Nyama imasankha malo obisalira m'mbali mwa leeward kuti fungo lawo lisavute kwa omwe angatengeko.
Cougar amathamangitsa nyama
Kuyembekezera moleza mtima nthawiyo, kudumpha molondola komanso mwachangu kumbuyo kwa wozunzidwayo sikusiya mpata womenyera ngakhale goli kapena ng'ombe yayikulu. Puma amapinda khosi lake ndi mano ake, ndipo amakumana pakhosi la nyama yake. Sungani zinyama ndi makoswe nthawi zambiri zimalowa mu cougar, koma wodya njala samakana nyama zina. Menyu imaphatikizapo:
- mbawala, kuphatikizapo caribou, wapiti, zoyera, ndi zina;
- mphalapala;
- nkhosa zazikulu;
- nungu;
- lynx;
- ulesi;
- zotheka;
- nyani;
- mimbulu;
- mapuloteni;
- beavers;
- akalulu;
- armadillos, ndi zina.
Nthawi zosowa, cougar imawoneka ikudya. Kusaka nyama zikuluzikulu zazikuluzikulu, mbala, ma grizzlies amaphatikizidwa ndi mbalame, nsomba, tizilombo, komanso nkhono. Choyambitsa omnivorous chimathandiza kuti nyamayo ipulumuke pamavuto akusowa chakudya. Nthawi zina cougar amalipira ndi moyo wake chifukwa cha ziwopsezo zamafamu a ng'ombe, minda, pomwe samasungira amphaka, agalu, mbalame.
Cougars wamwamuna (kumanzere) ndi wamkazi
Cougar imadya pafupifupi 1300 kg ya nyama pachaka. Chofunika kwambiri cha chilombocho ndi kufuna kusungitsa chakudya chamtsogolo. Puma imanyamula zotsalira za nyama zomwe sizinadyedwe, amazibisa m'malo obisika, ndikuphimba nyama ndi masamba ndi nthambi. Amwenye, omwe adaphunzira zizolowezi za cougar, adamutsata kuti akatenge mitembo ya nyama. Ma cache omwe ali ndi zosowa akhala nyama ya nyama zina kangapo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kukula msinkhu kwa nyama kumachitika zaka 2-3. Amuna amtundu wa cougars amayamba kufunafuna anzawo akapeza malo awo osakira, atadzaza ndi magawo azimayi. Nyama zilibe nyengo yoti zikhwele.
Nthawi yokwatirana imatsagana ndi kukuwa, kukuwa, ndewu za amuna. Amayi apakati amakhala ndi ana pafupifupi masiku 90. Amakhala pobisalira m'malo obisika pakati pa mizu, nkhalango, ngakhale m'ming'alu ya miyala yoberekera ana. Pali makanda 1-4 m'ngalawa, omwe amabadwa akhungu, iliyonse yolemera 400-500 g. Mtundu wamaso a cougars obadwa kumene ndi wabuluu. Popita nthawi, isintha kukhala koyera bulauni, kamvekedwe ka amber. Mtundu wa ubweya wa anawo umawoneka - kubisa uku kumateteza kuzilombo, kuphatikizapo matumba amuna.
Cougar wamkazi ndi ana ake
M'mwezi woyamba wamoyo, ma cougars obadwa kumene amakula mwachangu, atakwanitsa masabata awiri, mano awo amaphulika, amphaka amayamba kuwona ndikumva, ndikukwawa modzuka. Nthawi ndi nthawi, mkazi amayenera kupita kukasaka, kusiya ana okha. Cougar imayesetsa kukhala pafupi, koma pang'onopang'ono, ana amphongo akamakula, amasunthira kudera latsamba. Kuyambira ali ndi milungu isanu ndi umodzi, makochi ang'onoang'ono amasinthana ndi chakudya chachikulire, ngakhale amayi sanasiyebe mkaka.
Pambuyo pa masabata 8-9, pamodzi ndi yaikazi, mphaka zimapita kukafunafuna chakudya. Amawaphunzitsa kusaka, kulekana ndi ana omwe akukula. Mawanga pa malaya amatheratu ali ndi zaka 2, kusintha kwamitundu kumawonetsa chiyambi chakukula. Kwa nthawi yayitali, ma cougars achichepere amakhala mgulu, koma kenako amabalalika kufunafuna masamba awo. Amuna amayenda makilomita mazana ambiri, pachiwopsezo chokumana ndi abambo, amuna akulu, omwe amathamangitsa achichepere, ngakhale kupha.
Amayi a Cougar amateteza ana awo mwamphamvu
Panjira yovutayi, nyama zanjala zimayendayenda m'minda ya alimi kufunafuna nyama yosavuta. Moyo wa cougar m'chilengedwe nthawi zambiri umasokonekera chifukwa cha mabala, osatengera matenda. Si nyama zonse zomwe zimapulumuka mpaka kukalamba. Nthawi yayitali m'malo achilengedwe ndi zaka 10-12. M'malo osungira nyama, moyo umatha zaka 20.
Puma ngati chiweto ndichopatsa chidwi pakadali pano. Koma chikhalidwe cha chilombo sichimalola ukapolo, zoletsa. Kusunga nyama ndikokwera mtengo: mtengo wa cougar wazaka zamphaka umayamba kuchokera ku ruble 180 zikwi, chakudya cha nyama ndi chisamaliro ndiokwera mtengo. Malo owona a nyama ali m chilengedwe. Ndikofunikira kuti akhalebe dziko lomwe ma cougars amatha kupitiliza moyo wawo.
