Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mitundu yazinthu zosiyanasiyana zimapezeka m'madzi, nyama zambiri zapadziko lapansi zakhazikika pamtunda. Koma olemera padziko lapansi nawonso ndi ufumu wapansi panthaka. Ndipo mamembala ake si ang'onoang'ono mawonekedwe akale: nyongolotsi, arachnids, tizilombo, mphutsi zawo, mabakiteriya ndi ena.
Zinyama zimakhalanso ndi zolengedwa zomwe zimakhala masiku awo mobisa. Mwa zolengedwa izi amatha kutchedwa mole. Chinyama izi sizinaphunzire mozama monga momwe munthu angafunire. Ndipo chifukwa chake ndichachidziwikire cha zolengedwa zotere, zomwe zimakhala m'malo osafikirika obisika m'maso mwa anthu.
Oimira zinyama izi amapatsidwa banja lanyama. Zolemba za mawonekedwe awo zimatsimikizira momwe iwo amasinthira mwanjira yachilendo ya moyo yomwe imakhalapo mwa iwo, ndiye kuti mobisa. Apa, choyambirira, zingakhale bwino kutchula nyayo zawo, popanda zomwe sizingakhale zotheka kuti zolengedwa zoterezi zizikhala m'malo awo wamba.
Timadontho-timadontho si makoswe, amakumba nthaka osati ndi mano, koma mwakhama pogwiritsa ntchito zotsogola. Chifukwa chake, maburashi awo ozungulira, okumbutsa zopalasa, ndi otakata kwambiri, ali ndi mitengo yakanjedza yakunja. Ndipo zala zawo, zomwe zili patali, zili ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu, zazikulu.
Miyendo yakumbuyo sinapatsidwe nyonga yayikulu komanso luso, koma makamaka imagwira ntchito yothothola nthaka yomwe idamasulidwa kale ndi miyendo yakutsogolo.
Kwa mawonekedwe ena (iwo, monga tanena kale, akuwoneka bwino pa chithunzi cha mole) zimaphatikizapo: mphuno yopingasa, mphuno yayitali, mchira wawufupi, wowonda. Thupi la nyama zotere limakutidwa ndi ubweya waufupi, kuti kutalika kwake kusasokoneze kuyenda kwa nyama izi munjira zapansi panthaka.
Kuphatikiza apo, ubweya wawo umakula m'njira yachilendo - kukwera. Amakhala ndi malo ogwiritsira mbali iliyonse, zomwe zimathandizanso kuti pasamayende pansi. Tsitsi la tsitsi nthawi zambiri limakhala laimvi kapena bulauni yakuda.
Koma palinso zodziwika kupatula, kutengera mitundu ndi mawonekedwe ake. Maalubino amapezekanso pakati pa nyama zoterezi, ngakhale ndizochepa kwambiri.
Pofotokoza mphamvu za zolengedwa izi, ziyenera kudziwika kuti nyama izi ndizosaona. M'malo mwake, safuna kuwona bwino. Ndipo mikanda ing'onoing'ono yamaso imatha kusiyanitsa mdima ndi kuwala.
Kapangidwe kawo ndichachikale kwambiri ndipo mosiyana ndi ziwalo za masomphenya a zinyama zambiri, ndipo magawo ena, mwachitsanzo, diso ndi mandala, kulibiretu. Koma maso a zolengedwa zapansi panthaka izi, muubweya wakuda bii wa nyama, pafupifupi wosazindikirika ndi kutchera maso, amatetezedwa bwino, kubisala tinthu tanthaka tomwe timagwera mwa iwo, ndi mafoni, nthawi zambiri amakoka zikope. Koma mphamvu ya kununkhiza ndi kumva mumadontho amakula bwino. Ndipo makutu ang'onoang'ono amatetezedwanso ndi khungu.
Mwambiri, nthaka yapansi panthaka ya zinyama ndizosiyana kwambiri, chifukwa chokwanira chimadziwika nyama, ngati timadontho-timadontho chakuti amakonda kubisala ku zoopsa za moyo komanso kutha kwa nyengo yapansi panthaka. Izi zimaphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, chopindika - cholengedwa chokhala ndi mphuno yayitali, yokutidwa ndi ubweya waufupi wa velvety.
Ndipo sikuti nthumwi zonse za nyama zomwe zimakhala ndizokhazokha zimakhala mobisa zokha. Inde, samakhalapo nthawi yonse yomwe amakhala, koma akufunafuna malo ogona, kukumba maenje kapena kupeza malo ogona omwe wina wapanga.
Pakati pawo, desman, omwe amawerengedwa kuti ndi abale apamtima a moles ndipo amakhala m'banja lomwelo. Amakopedwanso mobisa, ngakhale amakhala nthawi yawo m'madzi. Kukhala m'mabowo ndi ankhandwe odziwika bwino ndi mbira, komanso chipmunks, akalulu amtchire, makoswe ambiri ndi ena ambiri.
Mitundu ya timadontho-timadontho
Pali mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi inayi padziko lonse lapansi. Odziwika kwambiri komanso odziwika kwambiri ndi mole wamba, yemwe amatchedwanso ku Europe. Nyama izi zimapezeka, monga mungaganizire, ku Europe ndipo ndizofala ku Western Siberia. Nthawi zambiri samaposa 100 g ndipo amakhala ndi thupi mpaka 16 cm.
Mwa ena am'banjamo, ena akuyenera kutchulidwa mwapadera.
1. Japanese shrew mole - chinyama chaching'ono chotalika pafupifupi masentimita 7. Nthawi zina, chitha kuwoneka pakati paudzu utali m'mapiri ndi m'nkhalango zazilumba za Tsushima, Dogo, Shikoku ndi Honshu. Katemera wautali wa zolengedwa zotere, womwe uli pamphuno yayitali, umakhala ndi tsitsi lodziwika bwino.
Mchira ndiwokulirapo, wosalala, komanso malo ogulitsa mafuta nthawi zambiri amadzikundikira. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti nyama zotere zimakwawa padziko lapansi kufunafuna chakudya ngakhale kukwera tchire ndi mitengo yotsika.
2. American shrew mole... Nyama zoterezi ndizofala m'maiko ena a Canada ndi United States. Ubweya wawo ndi wofewa, wonenepa, ukhoza kukhala wakuda ndi utoto wabuluu kapena kukhala ndiimvi yakuda. Oimira amtunduwu ali m'njira zambiri zofanana ndi ziweto zomwe zangotchulidwazi, kotero kuti akatswiri ena azinyama amakonda kuwawona ngati abale awo apamtima kwambiri.
Kukula kwa zolengedwa zotere ndizofanana. Kuphatikiza apo, kutalika kwa thupi la anthu aku America kumathandizidwa kwambiri ndi mchira wokulirapo. Nyama zotere zimathanso kukwera tchire ndikusambira bwino.
3. Siberia mole, wotchedwanso Altai. Mwanjira zambiri ndizofanana ndi ma moles aku Europe, komabe, oimira ake achimuna ndi achimuna, mosiyana ndi omaliza, akunja amasiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake. Ndipo koposa zonse kukula kwake.
Awa ndi timadontho tating'onoting'ono tating'ono. Amuna ochokera ku mitundu yaku Siberia amatha kutalika pafupifupi 20 cm ndikufika pamtunda wa 145 g, akazi ndi ochepa kwambiri. Ubweya wa nyama uli ndi mithunzi yakuda: bulauni, bulauni, wakuda, wotsogola.
Thupi la zolengedwa zotere ndizazungulira, zazikulu, miyendo ndi yayifupi. Chingwe chobulungira chimawoneka pakamwa pang'ono. Nyama izi zilibe zipolopolo zamakutu konse.
4. Caucasian mole... Zilinso chimodzimodzi ndi anthu osiyanasiyana aku Europe, koma mawonekedwe amachitidwe ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi achilendo kwambiri. Maso awo ndi osatukuka kwambiri kuposa a timadontho tina. Siziwoneka ndipo zimabisala pakhungu locheperako.
Achinyamata amtunduwu amakhala ndi ubweya wakuda wonyezimira. Komabe, ndi ukalamba, mithunzi yake imazimiririka.
5. Ussuri Mogera - mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri, omwe oimira ake amadziwika ndi kukula kwawo, pokhala, malinga ndi izi, omwe ali ndi mbiri pakati pa mamembala onse a banja la mole. Kulemera kwa mitundu yazimuna kumatha kufikira 300 g kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo kukula kwa thupi kuli pafupifupi 210 mm.
Nyama zoterezi ndizofala ku Korea ndi China. M'malo otseguka achi Russia, amapezeka ku Far East ndi madera oyandikana ndi malire awa. Maso ndi makutu a zolengedwa zotere sizikukula. Kujambula matoni abulauni ndi kuwonjezera kwa zofiirira ndi zotuwa, nthawi zina ndizitsulo zazitsulo. Mitundu ya zamoyozi yadziwika kuti ndi yosowa, ndipo pali njira zomwe zachitidwa kuti zitchinjirize.
6. Mole-nosed mole - North America, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mphuno ya nyenyezi. Mphuno ya nyama zotere ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera kwambiri, apadera kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi zingwe zazing'ono zambiri zokhala ndi ma receptor ambiri.
Zipangizo zonsezi zidapangidwa kuti zikuthandizireni kupeza chakudya bwino. Kupanda kutero, nyama zoterezi ndizofanana ndi ma moles aku Europe mwatsatanetsatane kupatula mchira wautali modabwitsa. Zilombozi zimakonda madzi, zimasambira bwino ndikusambira bwino kwambiri.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kuti mumvetse bwino chinyama chotani mole, ayenera kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane moyo wa zolengedwa zosangalatsa izi. Monga zikuwonekera kale, kukhalapo kwawo kumachitika mobisa. Sikuti mitundu yonse ya nthaka ndiomwe ili yoyenera iwo. Chifukwa chake, nthumwi izi zimakonda kudzaza malo onyowa okhala ndi nthaka yolimba.
Kumbali inayi, sakanatha kupirira, chifukwa amakhala ndi moyo wofukula mosabisa njira zingapo zapansi panthaka ndi ma labyrinths. Anthu kawirikawiri samawona nyama zotere, chifukwa timadontho-timadontho-timene timapezeka kawirikawiri pamwamba pake.
Komabe, nthawi zina m'minda ndi m'mapiri mumatha kuwona zoumbidwa ndi dothi. Izi ndi zotsatira za ntchito yofunikira ya zolengedwa zotere. Kupatula apo, ma moles amakonda kutaya zochulukirapo padziko lapansi.
Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwawo, timadontho tating'onoting'ono tidaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazirombo zowopsa komanso zowopsa. Pansi pa nthaka, amasangalatsa mbewu ndikuphwanya mizu yazomera. Koma sitiyenera kuiwala kuti nthawi yomweyo nyama zimamasula nthaka, momwe mpweya wa oxygen umayendetsedwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito yofunikira ya zomera zomwezo ndi tizilombo tothandiza.
Kwa ma moles, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu: usana pansi kapena usiku, zomwe sizosadabwitsa chifukwa chakhungu ndi moyo wawo. Nyama izi zimakhala ndi zosiyana siyana.
Amakhala ogalamuka kwa nthawi mpaka maola anayi, kenako amapuma, kenako kachiwiri, kwa nthawi yofananira, amachita zinthu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nyama zotere sizimatha kugona kwa maola opitilira atatu.
Pansi pa nthaka, simukuyenda makamaka, chifukwa chake nyama izi sizimayenda kwambiri. Kupatula apo, mwina, nyengo yotentha modabwitsa. Pa nthawi yowonetsedwa, timadontho timakonda kuyenda pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi matupi ena amadzi abwino kuti zamoyo zawo zisasowe chinyezi.
Mole osati wokonda anthu. Ndipo izi zimagwira ntchito pazamoyo zonse komanso kwa abale makamaka. Zinyama zoterezi ndizosungulumwa, kuphatikiza apo, ndi eni ake akulu. Aliyense wa iwo amayesetsa kuti atenge malo, ufulu womwe akufuna kuteteza, komanso mwachangu kwambiri.
Timadontho tating'onoting'ono sizabwino. Ndipo nthawi zina amakhala aukali kwambiri, ndipo izi sizimangogwira amuna okha, komanso theka la akazi. Kuti tiganizire kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala ndi timadontho-timadontho, timawona kuti pamalo okwana mahekitala 1, kuchokera pamitundu ingapo ya nyama zotere mpaka makumi atatu.
Ngati ma moles amakhala oyandikana nawo, amayesa kusadutsana. Nyama iliyonse ili ndi magawo ake obisika, komwe amayesetsa kukhala, osasunga ubale ndi abale. Zikachitika kuti ngozizi zinagundana mwangozi, amayesa kumwazikana mwachangu, osadzipangira mavuto.
Ngakhale aliyense wa iwo akusamba mosangalala amatenga gawo la mnzake. Chifukwa chake, ngati woyandikana naye wamwalira, akukhala mdera loyandikira, amamuwombera mwachangu. Ndipo zipsinjo zawo zomwe zimawoneka kuti ndizocheperako, amalanda malo okhala, koma nthawi zina amagawika pakati pa omwe adzafunse.
Kodi nyamazi zimasiyanitsa bwanji malo okhalamo ndi opanda anthu? Zolengedwa izi zimasiya zilemba pazinthu zawo, ndipo zomwe amatulutsa nthawi yomweyo zimakhala ndichinsinsi chonunkhira kwambiri.
M'nyengo yozizira, timadontho-timadontho-timadontho sitigonera. Amakonzekera nyengo yozizira mwanjira ina: amakumba maenje akuya, amadzipezera mafuta ndi nkhokwe zodyera. Pansi pokha, nyamazi ndizabwino. Kutuluka panja, amakhala opanda chitetezo chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, amaponyedwa bwino ndi ma martens, akadzidzi, nkhandwe ndi nyama zina zolusa.
Zakudya zabwino
Zamoyo izi ndi za dongosolo la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, choncho, chakudya chawo chimagwirizana ndi izi. Nthaka yanyama chakudya chimadzipezera chokha pandime zodyetsa, ndiye kuti, ngalande zapansi panthaka zomwe zidakumbidwa nazo, mothandizidwa ndi mphuno yomwe imasiyanitsa bwino fungo.
Amadya slugs, mbozi, kachilomboka. Koma anthu okhala mobisawa amasaka ndikubwera pamwamba. Kumeneko amagwira kafadala, nyerere, achule, makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Nyama izi, mosiyana ndi mphekesera zina zosadalirika, sizigwiritsa ntchito chakudya chomera konse. Zakudya zamagetsi zamagulu ndizambiri, ndipo amafunikira pafupifupi 150 g ya chakudya chamagulu patsiku.
Pofika kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kukonzekera kuzizira, nyama zoterezi zimayamba kudzipangira zakudya zawo m'nyengo yozizira, zomwe zimalepheretsa nyama zawo kuluma. Zakudya zoterezi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pafupi ndi chisa, zimakhala ndi chakudya choposa 2 kg.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Zilonda zosalumikizana zimasiyanitsa kwakanthawi kochepa, chifukwa amakakamizidwa kukumana ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo kuti apitilize mtunduwo. Koma kwa amuna, kulumikizana kotereku kumakhala kwanthawi yayitali.
Atagonana, zomwe zimachitikanso mobisa, amabwerera kumoyo wawo wosungulumwa ndipo alibe chidwi ndi ana. Kukhathamira kumachitika kamodzi pachaka, ndipo nthawi yake imadalira kwambiri malo okhala nyama.
Mbewuyo imanyamulidwa ndi akazi kwa masiku pafupifupi 40, kenako angapo (mpaka asanu) osapangidwa bwino, osaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi, ana amabadwa. Mole – nyamakazi, motero, zikuwonekeratu kuti ana obadwa kumene amayamba kudya mkaka wa m'mawere, womwe amadziwika ndi mafuta okwanira.
Koma zimakula msanga, motero, pakatha milungu ingapo, zimasinthana pang'ono kupita ku mitundu ina ya chakudya, ndikudya mphutsi zambiri. Atakwanitsa mwezi umodzi, nyama zazing'ono zimakhala zitatha kukumba palokha mobisa, kupeza chakudya ndikukhalapo popanda chisamaliro cha amayi.
Chifukwa chake, mbadwo watsopano wa moles wokhalamo umapeza gawo lawo laulere.
Nyama izi zimatha kukhala ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Koma mwachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amafa koyambirira kwambiri kuchokera ku mano a adani ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
