Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Akangaude ndi oimira chidwi kwambiri mu ufumu wachilengedwe, ndipo ena mwa iwo ndi osavulaza. Alinso ndi kapangidwe kodabwitsa. Mitundu ina ya zolengedwa izi imakhala ndi mapangidwe apadera pakamwa, omwe amatchedwa zikhadabo za nsagwada.
Izi zikuphatikizapo akangaude araneomorphic - mamembala a gulu lalikulu la gulu la arachnid. Izi zachilengedwe zimatchedwa chelicerae. Amalola kuti zamoyozi zigonjetse nyama zomwe zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kukula kwake, zomwe zimawapatsa mwayi wopambana mpikisano wosinthika.
Ndi kwa zolengedwa zotere zomwe kangaude - chithunzi chowala kuchokera kubanja la orb-web.
Cholengedwa ichi sichinatchulidwe mwangozi, koma chifukwa chowonekera kwambiri - chizindikiro kumtunda kwakuthupi kokhala ndi mtanda, wopangidwa ndi zoyera, nthawi zina mawanga ofiira owoneka bwino.
Kangaudeyu amatchedwa ndi mtundu wa thupi womwe umafanana ndi mtanda
Chinthu chofananacho cha mawonekedwe chimakhala chothandiza kwambiri pazamoyo zomwe zatchulidwa. Mphatso yachirengedweyi ndi chisonyezo chomwe chingawopseze amoyo ambiri amoyo. Zina zonse zimawoneka bwino chithunzi cha kangaude.
Monga mukuwonera, ali ndi thunthu lozungulira. Pamakhala mutu umodzi wonse, wogawika magawo awiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa cephalothorax ndi pamimba.
Kukula kwa zolengedwa zamoyo zotere sizingaganizidwe kuti ndi zazikulu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zazikazi, zomwe zimakhala zazikulu kuposa amuna, nthawi zambiri sizikhala zazikulu kuposa 26 mm, koma pali zitsanzo za akangaude omwe amakhala sentimita imodzi komanso amafupikitsa kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, chidutswa wokhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi itatu yosinthasintha. Alinso ndi anayi, komanso, ophatikizana. Ziwalozi zimapezeka mosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyamayi izizungulira mozungulira. Komabe, zamoyozi sizingadzitamande ndi masomphenya owoneka bwino kwambiri.
Amasiyanitsa kokha mawonekedwe azinthu ndi zinthu monga mithunzi. Koma ali ndi tanthauzo labwino kwambiri la kulawa ndi kununkhiza. Ndipo tsitsi lomwe limaphimba matupi awo ndi miyendo yawo limagwira bwino kwambiri kunjenjemera kwamitundu ingapo.
Chitin, chophatikiza chomangirira mwachilengedwe, chimakhala ngati chivundikiro cha thupi komanso nthawi yomweyo ngati mtundu wa mafupa a nyama zotere. Nthawi ndi nthawi amatayidwa ndi ma arachnids awa, osinthidwa ndi chipolopolo china chachilengedwe, ndipo munthawi ngati imeneyi kukula kwa chamoyo kumachitika, kumasulidwa kwakanthawi kuzinthu zomwe zimanyamula.
Mtanda umaonedwa kuti ndi kangaude wakupha, koma chiphe chake si choopsa kwa anthu
Woimira ufumu wachilengedwe wa arachnids amatha kutulutsa chinthu chakupha m'zinthu zamtundu uliwonse. Kotero akangaude ndi owopsa kapena ayi? Mosakayikira, kanyama kameneka ndi kowopsa kuzinthu zambiri zamoyo, makamaka zopanda mafupa.
Ndipo poizoni yemwe amatulutsa ali ndi vuto lalikulu pagulu lawo la neuromuscular.
Mitundu ya kangaude
Chiwerengero cha mitundu ya akangaude otere ndiwopatsa chidwi, koma mwa ma arachnid omwe amadziwika ndi sayansi, pafupifupi mitundu 620 imafotokozedwa pamtundu wa mitanda. Oyimira awo amakhala padziko lonse lapansi, komabe amakonda kukhala m'malo otentha kwambiri, chifukwa sangathe kukhala ozizira kwambiri.
Tiyeni tiwonetse mitundu ina mwatsatanetsatane.
1. Mtanda wamba. Mtundu uwu umadziwika kuti ndi wofala kwambiri. Zamoyo zofananazi zimakhala pakati pa mphukira zobiriwira, m'mapiri, m'minda ndi m'nkhalango zaku Europe, komanso kumpoto kwa kontinenti zaku America.
Amakonda malo onyowa, amazika mizu m'malo am'madzi, osati kutali ndi mitsinje ndi madzi ena. Thupi lawo limatetezedwa molondola ndi chipolopolo cholimba cholimba, ndipo chinyezi chimakhala ndi zokutira zapadera.
Zokongoletsedwa ndi zotere kangaude woyera pachikhalidwe cha bulauni chonse ndi mawonekedwe. Machitidwe ovuta ngati amenewa, atawunikiridwa, angawoneke kukhala osangalatsa.
Kangaude wamba
2. Mtanda wokhotakhota ndi wosowa mosiyanasiyana, ndipo zigawo za Baltic nthawi zambiri zimawoneka kuti zili pangozi. Ndizosangalatsa kuti nyamazi, ngakhale zili zamtundu wa mitanda, zilibe chizindikiro pathupi lawo.
Ndipo mmalo mwa mawonekedwe awa, pamimba pa zolengedwa, zokutidwa ndi tsitsi lowala, ma hump awiri, osaneneka kukula kwake, amaonekera.
Mtanda wokhazikika
3. Owen Spider amakhala ku North America. Maukonde otchera a zamoyozi, omwe nthawi zina amakhala okulirapo, amatha kupezeka m'migodi yosiyidwa, m'miyala ndi m'miyala, komanso osakhala kutali ndi komwe anthu amakhala.
Mtundu wa zolengedwa izi ndi bulauni yakuda. Pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yotereyi, amabisidwa moyang'ana kumbuyo kwa malo ozungulira. Miyendo ya akangaude oterowo ndi yamizeremizere ndipo yokutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera.
Mu America pali mtundu wa mtanda - barani
4. Kangaude woyang'anizana ndi mphaka ndi nzika ina ya madera aku America ofanana ndi mitundu yomwe idafotokozedwapo kale. Thupi lake limakutanso ndi tulo, ndipo tsitsi limatha kukhala lowala kapena lakuda. Zilombozi ndizochepa kukula kwake. Zitsanzo zina zitha kukhala zosakwana 6 mm.
Koma ngati izo mtanda waukulu wa kangaude zamtunduwu, ndiye zowona kuti ndi chachikazi, chifukwa kukula kwake kumatha kufikira masentimita 2.5. Aarachnids awa adalandira dzina lawo pamachitidwe osangalatsa pamimba, osafanana ndi nkhope ya paka.
Kukongoletsa kumeneku kwa zolengedwa izi kumakhala komwe mtanda umakonda kuwonekera pakati pa abale.
Kangaude woyang'anizana ndi mphaka ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi nkhope ya paka pathupi pake.
5. Spider Pringles ndi nzika zochepa zaku Asia, zomwe zimadziwikanso ku Australia. Mtundu wosangalatsa uli nawo chidutswa: wakuda pamimba pake pamadziwika ndi zoyera zoseketsa, pomwe cephalothorax ndi miyendo ya akangaude oterewa ndi obiriwira kuti agwirizane ndi zomera zolemera za m'mphepete momwe nyama zoterezi zimakhala. Kukula kwa amuna nthawi zina kumakhala kocheperako kotero kuti sikadutsa 3 mm.
Akangaude akalulu
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Pofuna kuthetsa, nthumwi za nyama zimakonda kusankha malo omwe sipangakhale chinyezi. Zilombozi zimatha kuyang'ana kulikonse komwe kuli mwayi woluka ukonde.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti zolengedwa zoterezi zikonze ukonde waluso pakati pa nthambi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndikupeza pogona pafupi, pakati pa masamba a tchire laling'ono kapena mitengo yayitali.
Chifukwa chake, akangaude amakhazikika bwino m'nkhalango, m'malo abata, m'minda ndi m'mapaki. Mawebusayiti awo amathanso kupezeka m'makona osiyanasiyana a nyumba zomwe zanyalanyazidwa: m'zipinda zam'mwamba, pakati pazitseko, mafelemu azenera komanso m'malo ena ofanana.
Pamimba pa zolengedwa zotere pali ma gland apadera, omwe mopitilira muyeso amapanga chinthu chapadera chomwe chimatilola kuti tiziluka maukonde otchera. Monga mukudziwa, amatchedwa ziphuphu. Malinga ndi momwe zimapangidwira, zomangamanga zimapangidwira, zomwe zimayenera kuganiziridwa kuti zimayandikana kwambiri ndi silika wofewa, womwe umawonetsa mphamvu zake.
Dongosolo lakumaloko, lopangidwa kuchokera pazomwe zanenedwa, poyamba zamadzimadzi komanso zowoneka bwino, zakuthupi ndikulimba kwake, akangaude amaluka nthawi zambiri mosalekeza. Ndipo pakatha tsiku limodzi kapena awiri, awononga ukonde wakale, wokalamba ndikuluka ina.
Kapangidwe kameneka kangatchulidwe kuti ntchito yojambula bwino, yopangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi, kutalika kwake kuli mamitala 20. Ili ndi kapangidwe kazithunzi, kokhala ndi nambala yodziwika bwino yazungulira ndi ma radii ndi mtunda kuchokera pa bwalo limodzi la ukonde kupita ku linzake.
Ndipo izi sizingachititse koma kuyamikiridwa, chifukwa zimabweretsa chisangalalo. Koma si masomphenya omwe amathandiza akangaude kupanga mizere yabwino, amatsogozedwa ndi ziwalo zovuta kukhudza.
Oyimira chidwi awa a ufumu wachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amaluka nyumbazi usiku. Ndipo zonsezi ndi zopindulitsa kwambiri komanso zolondola, chifukwa nthawi yatsikuli adani ambiri akangaude amapuma, ndipo palibe amene amawavutitsa kuti achite bizinesi yomwe amakonda.
Pogwira ntchito yotere, safuna othandizira, chifukwa chake akangaude amakhala odziyimira pawokha m'moyo. Ndipo samakhala nthawi yayitali akulankhulana ndi abale. Chifukwa chake, atapanga ukonde wokola, amabisalira ndikuyamba kudikirira nyama yawo, monga nthawi zonse, ali okha.
Nthawi zina samabisala makamaka, koma amakhala pakatikati pa intaneti. Kapenanso amawonera, atakhala, pa ulusi womwe umatchedwa kuti mbendera, womwe umawalola kuti amve kulumikizana konseku.
Posakhalitsa, mtundu wina wa anthu ogwidwawo amagwera mumsampha wa kangaude. Nthawi zambiri, amenewa ndi udzudzu, ntchentche kapena tizilombo tina tomwe tikuuluka. Amakodwa mosavuta muukonde, makamaka popeza ulusi wake umakhala womata. Ndipo mwiniwake wa nsomba nthawi yomweyo amamva kugundana kwawo, chifukwa amatha kunyamula ngakhale tinthu tating'onoting'ono bwino.
Komanso, nyamayo imaphedwa. Kuluma kangaude kwa zolengedwa zazing'ono zotere, ndizowopsa, ndipo wovutitsidwayo alibe mwayi wopulumutsidwa akagwiritsa ntchito chelicera wake wakupha.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokha titha kupanganso akangaude. Kupatula apo, mitundu ina ya ntchentche ndi mavu, pogwiritsa ntchito kusayenda bwino kwawo, amatha kuphethira diso kukhazikika kumbuyo kwa nyama zolusa zamiyendo eyiti ndikuikira mazira mthupi lawo.
Poterepa, akangaude alibe chochita, amakhala amphamvuyonse pokhapokha wovulalayo atakakamira pa intaneti. Akangaude sangakodwe mumsampha wawo, chifukwa amangoyenda m'malo ena okhaokha.
Zakudya zabwino
Zamoyo zomwe zafotokozedwazo ndi nyama zodya nyama. Kuphatikiza pa ntchentche ndi udzudzu womwe watchulidwa kale, nsabwe za m'masamba, ntchentche zosiyanasiyana ndi nthumwi zina zazing'onozing'ono zitha kukhala nyama yawo. Ngati wozunzidwayo wagwera muukonde wa chirombo ichi, ndiye kuti ali ndi mwayi wodya nawo nthawi yomweyo.
Koma, ngati ali wokhuta, amatha kusiya chakudya chamtsogolo, ndikumumangitsa ndi ulusi wopyapyala. Mwa njira, kapangidwe ka "chingwe" chotere ndichosiyana ndi ulusi wa intaneti. Komanso, kangaudeyu amabisalira chakudya pamalo aliwonse obisika, mwachitsanzo, masamba. Ndipo amadya akamamvanso njala.
Chilakolako cha akangaude amenewa ndi abwino kwambiri. Ndipo matupi awo amafunikira chakudya chambiri. Mulingo watsiku ndi tsiku ndiwokwera kwambiri kwakuti ungafanane ndi kulemera kwawo. Zosowa zotere zimapangitsa omwe amaimira nyama ndikugwira ntchito moyenera.
Krestoviki, kutchera nyama, kubisalira pafupifupi osapuma, koma ngakhale atasokonezedwa ndi bizinesi, ndiye kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri.
Zilombozi zimadya chakudya chawo m'njira yosangalatsa kwambiri. Izi zimachitika osati mkati mwa thupi, koma kunja. Gawo limodzi la madzi am'mimba limatulutsidwa ndi kangaude kulowa mthupi la wovulalayo, wokutidwa ndi cocoko. Mwanjira imeneyi, imakonzedwa, ndikusandulika chinthu choyenera kudya. Njira yothetsera michere imeneyi imangomwedwa ndi kangaude.
Zimachitika kuti pamaukonde omwe nyama izi zamiyendo isanu ndi itatu, nyama imapeza yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe mwana wakhanda sangathe kupirira nayo. Kangaude amayesetsa kuthana ndi mavutowa mwadala dala ulusi wolumikizira womwewo.
Koma ngati chiwopsezocho sichingayime pamenepo, kuti adziteteze amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chelicera wake motsutsana ndi zolengedwa zazikulu. Mwachitsanzo, chule pakatha kotala la ola atalumidwa atha kukhala wopanda mphamvu.
Koma akangaude ndi owopsa kwa anthu kapena ayi? Kwenikweni, poizoni wa zolengedwa sizimabweretsa kusintha kosasinthika pa thupi la zamoyo zonse zamoyo. Kwa anthu, chifukwa chazing'ono zazing'ono zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi ma arachnid awa poyerekeza ndi kukula kwaumunthu, sangathe kuchita mozama. Womenyedwayo amamva kupweteka pang'ono komwe kumatha msanga.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Moyo wa zolengedwa izi umadutsa pa intaneti. Apa kwa iwo, njira yoberekera yamtundu wawo imayamba. Ndipo nthawi yake amakhala kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Choyamba kangaude mtanda wamwamuna apeza bwenzi loyenera.
Kenako amamangirira ulusi wake penapake kumapeto kwa ukonde wake. Ichi ndi chizindikiro kuti mkazi nthawi yomweyo amadziwa. Amamva kugwedezeka kwapadera kwa kuluka ndipo amamvetsetsa bwino kuchokera kwa iwo kuti sanali munthu wina, koma wongonamizira kukwatirana, yemwe adaphwanya kusungulumwa kwake.
Kenako amatsikira kwa mkazi wake, yemwe amayankha chidwi chake. Pambuyo pogonana, amuna samakhalanso ndi moyo. Koma mkaziyo akupitiliza ntchitoyo. Amapanga kangaude wapadera ndipo amaikira mazira ake pamenepo.
Chisa cha kangaude
Amayamba kukokera nyumbayi kuti abwerenso m'tsogolo, koma atamupezera malo oyenera, amaiyika pa ulusi wopangira. Posakhalitsa, anawo amawonekera pamenepo, koma samachoka m'nyumba zawo, koma amakhala momwemo nyengo yonse yozizira. Amatuluka mu cocoon masika okha. Koma amayi awo samakhala ndi moyo mpaka kuwona nthawi zotentha.
Akangaude achichepere amakula, amakhala nthawi yonse yotentha, kenako kuzungulira konseko kumabwerezanso. Kuchokera apa ndikosavuta kumva: ndi akangaude angati omwe amakhala... Nthawi yonse yakukhalapo kwawo, ngakhale titayiwerenga limodzi ndi nyengo yozizira, imakhala yosakwana chaka chimodzi.
