Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Ichi ndi choimira chachikulu kwambiri cha artiodactyl herbivore cha nyama zapadziko lapansi. Kukula kwa mphalapala ikamafota kumatha kupitilira kutalika kwa munthu. Kutalika kwa thupi kwa anthu akuluakulu kumatha kupitilira 3 m, ndipo kulemera kwakanthawi kokwanira thupi kuli pafupifupi theka la tani.
Nyama izi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa elk. Amakhala ndi dzina lofananako ndi chinthu chowoneka bwino kwambiri - nyanga zazikulu zazikulu, zomwe zimawoneka ngati chida cholimira chakale - khasu.
Zowona, okhawo agulu okhwima ogonana omwe angadzitamande ndi zokongoletserazi. Ndipo zazikazi ndizocheperako ndipo zilibe nyanga mwachilengedwe. Maonekedwe omwe atchulidwa, mtundu wa korona, ndimapangidwe ngati mafupa okhala ndi mafinya, omwe kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi makilogalamu 25.
Chaka chilichonse ndikayamba nyengo yozizira Zinyama zazing'ono kutha, amangotayidwa. Koma ndi kuyamba kwa kasupe, kwinakwake mu Meyi, "korona" watsopano amakula pamitu yawo.
A Elks ndi abale a nswala, koma mwamaonekedwe amasiyana m'njira zambiri ndi iwo, alibe chisomo chawo. Amakhala ovuta, amakhala ndi mapewa amphamvu ndi chifuwa. Khosi lomwe limatulutsa khungu lofewa pansi pa kholingo ndi thunthu la elk poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi limapereka chithunzi chakufupikitsidwa.
Wotambasulidwa amafota pamwamba pawo, kenako mutu waukulu wamphongo wonenepa umaonekera. Mphuno imawoneka kuti yatupa kumapeto, ili ndi mnofu, ikulendewera pakamwa pamunsi, chapamwamba. Miyendo ya nyama, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi, m'malo otalikirana, osawonda, okhala ndi ziboda zazitali zazitali.
Pali mchira mpaka 13 cm kukula, ndi wamfupi, koma wowonekera kwambiri. Mtundu wa ubweya wokhotakhota pathupi umasiyanasiyana kuyambira utayera mpaka bulauni-wakuda, miyendo ya mphalapala nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyera. M'nyengo yozizira, mtundu wa tsitsi umawalira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nsombazi zisawoneke kwambiri ndikakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Zonsezi zikuwonekera bwino mphalapala pachithunzichi.
Maso a nyama izi sangatchulidwe kuti ndi akuthwa kwambiri, koma kumva ndi kumva kununkhira kumapangidwa bwino. Amathamanga kwambiri ndikusambira kwambiri. Nyama zimenezi zinalandira dzina lalikulu kwambiri m'chigawo chonse cha kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.
Pafupifupi theka la mamembala amtunduwu ndi okhala m'malo ambiri aku Russia. Elk ikupezeka paliponse ku Ukraine, Belarus, Baltic States, Poland ndi Scandinavia, m'maiko ena aku Europe, komanso ku Asia, mwachitsanzo, ku Mongolia ndi China. Amapezekanso ku North America, makamaka ku Canada ndi Alaska.
Mitundu
Elk - ili ndi dzina la mtundu woyimira banja la agwape. Osati kale kwambiri, amakhulupirira kuti ili ndi mtundu umodzi wofanana. Komabe, zovuta zazikulu zidabuka ndi taxonomy yodziwika bwino.
Zinakhala zovuta kudziwa molondola ndi kugawa kuchuluka kwa mitundu yazinthu zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono. Ndipo pankhaniyi, akatswiri azanyama agawika. Ma genetiki amakono adathandizira kuyankha mafunso osokoneza. Malinga ndi gwero ili, mtundu wa elk uyenera kugawidwa osati umodzi, koma mitundu iwiri.
Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.
1. Chiwombankhanga cha Kum'maŵa... Mitunduyi imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: European and Caucasian. Oimira awo ndi nyama zazitali kwambiri, nthawi zina zimakhala zolemera mpaka 650 kg. Tinyanga tina ta mphalapala zoterezi timayenda modabwitsa masentimita 135 kapena kuposa pamenepo.
Tsitsi lawo limakhala ndi mdima wakuda. Kumbuyo kumakhala ndi mzere wakuda. Mapeto a mphuno ndi tsitsi la miyendo ndizopepuka pang'ono. Mimba ndi kumbuyo kwa miyendo ya zinyama izi, komanso milomo yawo yakumtunda, ili ngati yoyera.
2. Chiwombankhanga chakumadzulo... Nthawi zina izi zimatchedwa kuti American, koma ndizolondola kuzitcha East Siberia, chifukwa oimira mafumu awiriwa, pakuwona koyamba, madera akutali apadziko lapansi amafanana.
Mitunduyi imagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono aku Eastern Canada ndi Ussuri. Nyama zoterezi ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi abale omwe adafotokozedweratu. Ndipo utali wa nyanga zawo ndi pafupifupi mita. Zoonadi, pali zosiyana, chifukwa ku Canada ndi Far East mungapeze zitsanzo zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe kulemera kwake kumafika makilogalamu 700.
Mtundu wa mphalapala zotere ndizosiyanasiyana. Khosi ndi thupi lakumtunda nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiirira kapena zotuwa. Miyendo pamwambapa, komanso mbali zake pansipa, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Thupi la zamoyozi silofanana mokwanira, ndipo miyendo yawo yolitali kwambiri ndi torso yamphamvu zimasokoneza mayendedwe ena. Mwachitsanzo, kuledzera ndi dziwe, Elk sangangopendeketsa mutu wake. Amayenera kulowa pansi pamadzi, nthawi zina amagwa mpaka mawondo, kwinaku akugwada miyendo yakutsogolo.
Mwa njira, iwo, okhala ndi ziboda zakuthwa, amatumikira nyamayi ngati chida chabwino chodzitetezera. Zikamenyana ndi adani, zimbalangondo kapena mimbulu, nyama zoterezi zimathamanga ndi miyendo yakutsogolo, kuwomba kwa ziboda zawo kumatha kuthyola chigaza cha adani nthawi imodzi.
Elk – nyama, chovala chake m'nyengo yozizira sichimangokhala chopepuka, komanso cholimba, chimatha kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 10. Ndipo m'khosi ndi kufota, chimakula modabwitsa komanso kukula kwake kawiri.
Nyanga za zolengedwa izi, zosintha zatsopano masika onse, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Poyamba, ndi ofewa komanso ofewa, okutidwa ndi khungu, omwe amatha kutuluka magazi akawonongeka ndikudwala tiziromboti. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono amalimba, amakhala olimba komanso okulirapo.
Wamkuluyo payekha, nyanga zake zimakopa chidwi kwambiri. Zokongoletserazi zimawonekera koyamba mu elk wazaka chimodzi. Adakali aang'ono, ndi nyanga zazing'ono chabe. Korona wofanana mwa okalamba amakhala ndi thunthu lathyathyathya lotchedwa fosholo. Njira zimaphatikizidwa pakupanga uku.
Ndi zaka, fosholoyo imakulirakulira ndikulimba, ndipo kukula kwa njira, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, m'malo mwake, kumachepa. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kudziwa msinkhu wa nyama ndi mawonekedwe a nyanga.
Kukhetsedwa kwa "korona" wakale kumachitika mu Novembala kapena Disembala. M'nyengo yozizira, mphalapala sizimawafuna, koma pongokhala maphunziro ovuta, amalepheretsa mayendedwe awo, zomwe zimawonjezera moyo munthawi yovuta.
Kupatula apo, nyanga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amuna osati poteteza konse, koma kuti akope akazi ndi mphamvu zamaganizidwe kwa omwe akupikisana nawo, omwe ali ngati chisonyezo champhamvu chamwamuna ndi ulemu. Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ogonana m'magazi a nyama kumachepa, chifukwa chake, maselo omwe ali m'munsi mwa mafupawo awonongedwa, ndipo nyanga zake zimagwa. Kutayika kwa ululu ndi nkhawa sikuyambitsa elk. Chilichonse chimachitika mwachilengedwe.
Zokongola zoterezi zimakhala m'nkhalango, nthawi zina zimakhala m'mapiri ndi m'mapiri, zikufalikira kudera lamapiri. Amakonda malo amtchire okhala ndi mitsinje ndi mitsinje, amakonda kukhazikika m'malo athaphwi.
Alibe chikondi chapadera choyenda, chifukwa chake samasunthika kuchoka kumalo kupita kumalo, kupatula kuti amakonda kusankha malo ocheperako chipale chofunafuna chakudya kapena nthawi yachisanu. M'chilimwe, chakudya chikakhala chochuluka, mphalapala zimakonda kuyendayenda zokha, koma nyengo yozizira ikayamba, kuti ipulumuke, imagwirizana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndi ng'ombe.
Kusaka mphalapala Oletsedwa ndi lamulo, koma kuthekera kokha ndi zoletsa zina. Ntchitoyi ndi yotchuka, makamaka kufalikira mzaka zaposachedwa. Ndiyenera kunena kuti pamafunika luso, luso komanso kudekha, koma ngakhale ndichisangalalo, kutchova juga, sikuli kotetezeka konse.
Nyama yamchere Ali ndi kukoma kosazolowereka, komanso kwachilendo, koma pazifukwa zambiri, poganizira zisonyezo zina, mbale iyi, yomwe imafaniziridwa ndi mwanawankhosa wonenepa ndi nkhumba, ndipo imavomerezedwanso bwino ndi thupi, nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa ndi madotolo kuti agwiritse ntchito matenda ambiri. Zakudya zokoma zambiri zimapangidwa ndi izi, zakudya zamzitini ndi soseji zosuta zosaphika zimapangidwa.
Mphalapala zimakhalanso zamtendere komanso zosalimba. Mwa njira, ndikosavuta kuweta nyama yotere. Kuti muchite izi, ndikwanira kudyetsa mwana wang'ombe, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amayamba kukonda munthu, yemwe, kupitiriza bwino kumudziwa, akhoza kukhala ndi moyo.
Ma Elks amakhala opindulitsa kwambiri kwa anthu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama pantchito komanso poyendera mu masileti ndi okwera pamahatchi, ndipo mutha kupeza mkaka kuchokera ku ng'ombe zamphongo.
Zakudya zabwino
Zakudya za zolengedwa izi ndizakudya zamasamba zokha, kotero mano awo adakonzedwa moyenera, kusinthidwa kuti azigaya, osati kutafuna chakudya. Mitengoyi imadya udzu ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana ngati chakudya. Amakonda masamba amitengo, makamaka chitumbuwa cha mbalame, birch, phulusa lamapiri.
Mndandandawu uyeneranso kukhala ndi msondodzi, mapulo, phulusa, aspen. Amphaka amatha kudya bowa, ndere, mosses, semi-aquatic and marsh plants.
M'chaka, ndikuwoneka kobiriwira kwa zinyama izi, thambo lenileni limabwera. Munthawi imeneyi, amadzaza mavitamini otayika nthawi yachisanu. Mphalapala zimasangalala kudya msuzi watsopano komanso wonyezimira.
Ndipo nthawi yotentha, nyama izi zimakonda kudya zipatso zosiyanasiyana. M'nthawi yabwinoyi, oimira nyama amatha kudya makilogalamu 35 patsiku. Koma kugwa sangachitire mwina koma kudya masamba akugwa ndikutulutsa makungwa amitengo, ngakhale pafupi ndi dzinja - kudyetsa singano ndi nthambi.
Monga chowonjezera mchere, zolengedwa izi zimasowa mchere, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimaunyambita, kufunafuna zinyambazi zopangira ndi zachilengedwe, ndikumwa kuchokera ku akasupe okhala ndi madzi amchere. Ndizodabwitsa kuti mphalapala zimadya bowa wakupha, mwachitsanzo, zimauluka mwaukali. Amakhulupirira kuti amachita izi kuti athetse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mthupi lawo.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
M'chaka chachitatu cha moyo, oimira nyama zamtunduwu amakula mokwanira kuti athe kutenga nawo mbali pakubala kwamtundu wawo. Nthawi imeneyi kwa nyama yofotokozedwayo, yotchedwa kwina chigulu, nthawi zambiri amapezeka kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa nthawi yophukira ndipo amakhala pafupifupi miyezi iwiri.
Komabe, m'mbali zambiri nthawi yeniyeni yomwe imayamba kudalira zimadalira nyengo ndi nyengo zamderali. Chizindikiro chachilengedwe choyambira kwa miyambo yokwatirana ndikuchepa kwakukulu kwa masana. Ndipo kutatsala sabata limodzi kuti izi zitheke, amuna amakhala ndi nkhawa yayikulu. Amabuula, amakhala otakataka komanso othamangitsidwa, amathamangira pagulu kupita kumalo otseguka, komwe mphalapala zimabangula ndikuthamangira uku ndi uku.
Munthawi zoterezi, nyamazi zimasiya kusamala, zimakhala zosavuta kugwidwa ndi adani komanso osaka mochenjera, omwe nthawi zambiri amalimbitsa ntchito zawo panthawi yovutayi, akudziwa za mphalapala iyi ndikuigwiritsa ntchito ndi mwayi wawo.
Kuphatikiza apo, amuna amisala amapitanso patsogolo. Amatulutsa tchire ndi mizu ndikukonzekera chiwonetsero pakati pawo. Wopambanayo amakhala ndi "mayi wamtima" ndikumutsata, kutulutsa mawu okopa.
Mwakuthupi, elk imodzi imatha kuthira feteleza abwenzi angapo, izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'minda ya mphalapala. Koma kuthengo, monga lamulo, wamwamuna samakhala ndi akazi opitilira mmodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ng'ombe yamphongo imakhala ndi pakati, ndipo penapake kumapeto kwa kasupe kapena Juni, imabereka mwana mmodzi.
Amphongo a mphalapala okhala ndi malaya ofiira owala bwino amabadwa otheka kwambiri. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo amadzuka, ndipo patatha masiku angapo akuyesera kutsatira amayi awo.
Zikuwonekeratu momwe zinyama izi zimadyetsera ana awo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mkaka wa moose umakonda mkaka wa ng'ombe, koma umasiyana mosakanikirana ndipo umakhala wonenepa. Sizosadabwitsa kuti ana amphongo amakula msanga pazakudya zomwe zawonetsedwa ndipo m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi amachulukitsa kakhumi.
Pazovuta, kutalika kwa moyo wa mphalapala kumatha kukhala pafupifupi kotala la zana. Koma nthumwi zambiri za nyama zamtunduwu zimamwalira koyambirira chifukwa cha matenda, ngozi, komanso kuchuluka kwa nyengo. Ndipo koposa zonse, amakhala nyama ya adani achilengedwe komanso anthu. Ndipo womaliza wa iwo ndi owopsa, achinyengo komanso ankhanza.
