Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Moyo wakubisa usiku, chizolowezi chobisala m'makona obisika masana ndi kugona, kupachikika mozondoka, komanso machitidwe ena achilendo a nyamazi zadzetsa nthano zambiri ndi zikhulupiriro mozungulira munthu wawo.
M'mbuyomu, amawerengedwa kuti ndi amisala, ndipo okhala mzaka zapitazi anali otsimikiza kuti iwo, monga oyenera nyama zamtunduwu, amadyera magazi a anthu ndi zamoyo zina. Ndipo malingaliro otere sanapangidwe popanda chifukwa.
Mosakayikira, izi ndi zolengedwa zachilendo kwambiri m'chilengedwe, ndipo mawonekedwe ake, popanda kukokomeza, ndiopadera. Zilombozi zimatchedwa mileme chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake ndi mamvekedwe omwe amapanga, ofanana ndi kukwapula.
Komabe, ndi mayina apadera omwe amangopatsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ku Russia amatchedwa mileme ya makutu ataliatali, mileme, mileme ndi zina zambiri.
Mileme imasunthidwa ndi echolocation
Mleme - osagwirizana ndi makoswe nyama ndipo akatswiri a sayansi ya zinyama akuti ndi mileme. Kupadera kwa oimira nyama zakutchire, zomwe zimaphatikizaponso mileme yazipatso, ndikuti izi ndizo nyama zokha zomwe zimatha kuyenda mlengalenga, popeza zili ndi mapiko.
Amateurs amakhulupirira kuti ndi mbalame zokha zomwe zimakhala ndi zokongoletsa zoterezi. Koma uku ndikulakwitsa kwakukulu, chifukwa zimapezeka kuti nyama zimathanso kukwera m'mwamba. Ndipo mleme ndi chitsimikiziro chomveka cha izi.
Koma ziyenera kudziwika kuti mapiko a nyama zosafanana konse amakhala ofanana ndi ziwalo zofanana za thupi la mbalame. Mleme, awa ndi zingwe zazikulu zokha zomwe zimalumikiza ziwalo za nyama, kutambasulidwa pakati pawo, ndiye kuti, ngati pakati pa mikono ndi zala zawo zazitali kutsogolo, komanso miyendo ndi mchira kumbuyo.
Mapiko otere, omwe amapanga gawo lalikulu la kukula kwa nyama yonse, amatha kukhala ndi theka la mita. Koma izi ndi zitsanzo zazikulu zokha, chifukwa ndizotheka kupereka chitsanzo cha omwe akuyimira fuko lino kukula kwa tizilombo.
Ndizosangalatsanso kudziwa kuti mapiko a nyama zotere samangogwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga zawo. Amakhalanso ngati chovala chomwe zolengedwa izi zimakulungidwa, kutentha kwawo nyengo yoipa.
Mutu wa nyama zouluka uli ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono ozungulira. Thupi lawo limakutidwa ndi zofewa, zakuda kapena zofiirira, nthawi zina pamithunzi ina, ubweya. Zitha kukhala zosiyana: zakuda komanso zazing'ono kapena zazifupi, ngakhale zochepa.
Nyama izi zimakhalapo pothawa, chifukwa chake miyendo yawo imasinthidwa modabwitsa komanso imakula pang'ono, koma imakhazikika ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu. Mchira wokutidwa ndi ubweyawo umathandiza mileme kuchita zinthu zovuta kuyenda.
Kuwona kwa nyama zotere kumakhala kofooka, ndipo samva kufunika kwenikweni, chifukwa nyamazo zimakhala nthawi yayitali mumdima. Kumbali inayi, makutu ndi akulu kwambiri, ndipo ziwalozi zimamveketsa bwino kwambiri mapokoso osiyanasiyana, ngakhale osadziwika konse.
Komanso, ndi kumva komwe kumathandiza mileme kuti iziyenda mumlengalenga. Kulira komwe amatulutsa ngati mafunde amawu akuwonetsedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zozungulira ndikuthandizira mileme kupanga chithunzi cha zenizeni zomwe zilipo muubongo wawo.
Kwa chisa, mileme imasankha malo amdima, opanda phokoso komwe amatha kubisalira dzuwa.
Njira iyi yozindikira zinthu imatchedwa echolocation.
Mitundu ya mileme
Mleme umakhala m'kalasi yanji?, tazindikira kale. Ngakhale amawoneka modabwitsa komanso mawonekedwe apadera, zolengedwa zotere zimakhalabe nyama. Magawo awo ali ndi dzina lofanana ndi nyama zomwe, ndiye kuti: mileme.
Kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane za mitundu yawo kumakhala kovuta chifukwa chobisika komwe zolengedwa izi zimagwiritsa ntchito kutsogolera. Koma pakadali pano pali mitundu pafupifupi mazana asanu ndi awiri ya nyama zowuluka ngati izi.
Kodi alidi mzukwa? Ngati tigawaniza mileme malinga ndi mtundu wa chakudya, ndiye kuti pali mitundu yotereyi Padziko Lapansi, koma pali atatu okha. Komabe, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndizoyenera kufotokozedwa mwapadera.
- Vampire wamba ndi mtundu wotchuka kwambiri, womwe wakhala ngwazi za nkhani zambiri, komanso zambiri. Oimira ake amatchedwanso okonda magazi ambiri ndipo amakhala kumayiko aku America m'maiko monga Uruguay, Argentina, Mexico.
Zilombozi zimachita mogwirizana ndi dzina lawo, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zoyipa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amalumikizana m'magulu akuluakulu anthu ndipo amakhala m'mapanga obisika. Kumeneko amabisala masana ali ndi anzawo, akugona atagona mozondoka. Ndipo amapita kukasaka usiku wokha, kuukira ng'ombe, nthawi zina ngakhale munthu.
Komanso timagulu tating'onoting'ono titha kutenga zokongola pamigodi yomwe yasiyidwa, maenje a mitengo ikuluikulu komanso ngakhale zipinda zosanja za nyumba zosalimba. Koma pamakhalidwe awo onse oyipa, kukula kwa nyamazi ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo zimangolemera 50 g.
- Vampire wamapiko oyera, monga mitundu yam'mbuyomu, amapezeka ku kontinentiyo yaku America, m'chigawo chapakati ndi chakumwera. Koma zamoyozi ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi mavampires wamba ndipo zimaukira mbalame zokha.
Amadziwika ndi ubweya wofiirira wofiyira, mimba yawo ndi yopepuka pang'ono.
- Vampire wamiyendo yaubweya amakhala m'dera lomwelo. Oimira nyamazi ndiosangalatsa chifukwa saopa anthu konse, atha kuwalola kuyandikira pafupi nawo ndikulola kuti awatenge.
Koma ali ndi chizolowezi cholankhula ndi ozunzidwa osawadziwa. Ndipo nyama komanso mbalame zimatha kuphedwa. Ubweya wa nyama zotere umakhala wa imvi.
Makhalidwe awo akuphatikizanso kupezeka kwakumva kovuta kwambiri kwa achibale ena. Nyamazi zimakhala ndi masomphenya otukuka kwambiri.
Vampire wamiyendo yaubweya amatha kuwuluka pafupi ndi anthu mopanda mantha
Mosiyana ndi mzukwa wina, mitundu ina ya mileme sizilombo zopanda vuto lililonse. Samadya magazi, koma amangomera zomera kapena tizilombo.
Ngakhale pali omwe nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi amitundu anzawo omwe akuyamwa magazi, chifukwa chake awachenjere. Koma mawonekedwe a zitsanzo zosokoneza bongo komanso zopatsa chidwi amakhalanso ndi zinthu zosangalatsa, komanso machitidwe awo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe owonekera bwino. Chifukwa chake, ena a iwo akuyeneranso kulongosola mwatsatanetsatane.
- Vampire wabodza ndiye wamkulu kwambiri pamtundu wamtunduwu. Tisaiwale kuti mzukwa weniweni ndi wocheperako. Mapiko a cholengedwa chotere amakhala pafupifupi 70 cm.
Anthuwa amadyera ma amphibiya, abuluzi, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana komanso zipatso zamasamba. Mwakuwoneka, mtundu uwu umasiyana ndi kubadwa kwake munthawi yakutsogolo kwamakutu.
Thupi la nyama zotere limakutidwa ndi ubweya wofiirira kapena imvi. Miyendo imakhala ndi zikhomo zofewa komanso zikhadabo zokhota ngati khola.
Vampire wabodza woimira mileme
- Usiku waukulu kwambiri umachitika ku Europe. Mileme awa nawonso amakhala expanses Russian, kumene amaonedwa waukulu pakati pa mafuko awo. Nthawi zina, mapiko awo amafikira theka la mita, kulemera kwake ndi 75 g.
Oyimira nyamazi ndiwodabwitsa kwambiri osati kukula kwawo kokha, komanso mtundu wawo wowala, ukhoza kukhala wofiirira kapena wofiyira. Mimba yawo, monga mwachizolowezi mu mileme yambiri, imakhala yowala kwambiri.
Kwa moyo wonse, nyama zimasankha maenje a mitengo, zimadya tizilombo. Nthawi yozizira, zimawulukira kumadera ofunda.
- Mleme wokhala ndi mphuno za nkhumba ndi wocheperako kotero kuti ndikosavuta kusokoneza ndi bumblebee. Ndipo zolengedwazi zimalemera magalamu awiri okha. Zimakhala kuzilumba zina za Asia ndi Thailand, zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti zimapezeka kuderali.
Amasaka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tasonkhana m'magulu. Mtunduwo ndi bulauni yakuda, nthawi zina ndi utoto waimvi. Mphuno zawo zimawoneka ngati zamanyazi za nkhumba, zomwe zolengedwa izi zadzipatsa dzina.
- Harel wamkulu. Mitundu iyi ya mileme ndi yosangalatsa chifukwa cha chakudya chake chapadera komanso zomwe amakonda. Ndipo amadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono, achule ndi nkhanu, zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.
Komanso, mosiyana ndi abale awo, amatha kusaka masana. Maonekedwe a nyamazo ndiwodabwitsanso, ndimapangidwe amphuno ndi makutu onga hares. Chovala chawo ndi chofiira, chowala kwambiri.
Kulemera kwake kumakhala kwakukulu - pafupifupi 80 g.Amakhala kumpoto kwa Argentina ndi kumwera kwa Mexico, komanso kuzilumba zina zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yofananira.
Mleme waukulu wa harelip
- Mleme wa bulauni wa khutu lalitali umapezeka ku Eurasia ndi madera akumpoto kwa Africa. Kuchokera m'malo ozizira zimauluka nthawi yozizira kupita kumadera otentha. Ili ndi mtundu wosawala kwambiri, nthawi zambiri imvi yakuda, ndipo imalemera 12 g yokha, koma ndi makutu akulu kwambiri.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi zina amapitilira kukula kwa thupi m'litali. Ndipo ndi ziwalo izi zomwe zimapatsa nyamayo kuthekera kokwanira kumva mawu onse. Ndipo izi zimathandiza nyamayo kuti iziyenda mosadabwitsa mumdima wandiweyani posaka usiku.
Kukhalapo kwa makutu akulu kunapereka dzinalo kwa mileme - mileme yofiirira yamakutu
Moyo ndi malo okhala
M'miyambo ndi nthano za anthu ambiri, nyama zotere nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa ngati anthu owopsa. Akuluakulu sanawagwirizane ndi maampires okha, komanso zoipa zina: opusa, amatsenga, mfiti.
Zolengedwa izi zimachita mdima ndi imfa, koma ndichifukwa chake totem nyama batimagwira ntchito ngati chizindikiro chosiyana - kubadwanso kwatsopano: kukana chilichonse chomwe chidatha, kufa kwa zizolowezi zakale ndi malingaliro, chifukwa chake kulowa m'moyo watsopano.
Ngati mungalembere madera apadziko lapansi pomwe oimira zinyamawo adakhazikika, muyenera kutchula pafupifupi onsewo, kudumpha m'mphepete mwa chisanu ndi ayezi wamuyaya, komanso zilumba zina zozunguliridwa ndi nyanja, popeza mapepalawa sakanatha kufika pamenepo.
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinyama amakhulupirira kuti milemeyo imatha kuzika mizu kulikonse, munyengo iliyonse komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana. Chokhacho chomwe amafunikira ndi pogona chete, pomwe angakhale ndi mwayi wobisala ku dzuwa lomwe amadana nalo masana.
Zinyama zotere sizimalekereranso chipwirikiti, koma ngakhale m'mizinda ikuluikulu amatha kusankha kanyumba kosayendera pang'ono, ngakhale atakhala m'nyumba yogona. Chifukwa chake, atha kuperekedwa moyenera, monga ziweto. Mleme saopa munthu.
Koma anthu ena amaopa alendo oterewa, tsankho limangowakhudza. Komabe, izi sizilepheretsa okonda zachilendo kusunga zolengedwa zosangalatsa ngati ziweto.
Mwachitsanzo, mchipululu, m'mapanga ena osamvetsetseka, nyama zamtunduwu zimatha kukhala mamembala a makumi, komanso mamiliyoni aanthu. Pobisalapo, amapuma masana, akumangiriza zikhadabo zawo zolimba kumapeto, atapachikidwa ngati zipatso zakupsa, atazondokoka.
Koma ngakhale pali ziphuphu zambiri komanso mayanjano m'madela, mileme sangatchulidwe kuti nyama. Zokhumba zawo sizimawonetsedwa mwanjira iliyonse. Amalankhula pang'ono ndi abale awo. Amangogona limodzi masana, ndizo zonse. Ndipo amasaka okha usiku.
Ngati mileme imakhala m'malo osavomerezeka malinga ndi nyengo, nthawi yozizira nthawi zambiri imapita kukafunafuna malo osangalatsa komanso ofunda. Ndipo maulendo ngati amenewa nthawi zina amatenga makilomita masauzande. Koma nthawi zina nyama izi zimangokonda kupita kutulo tofa nato.
Mileme imatha kusonkhana mzati mamiliyoni
Zakudya zabwino
Kapangidwe ka mano mwa oimira gawo lililonse ndi osiyana ndipo amatengera njira yodyetsera mtundu winawake. Mitundu yoyamwa magazi ili ndi mano ochepa, ndi zidutswa 20 zokha, koma ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha mano awo ataliatali. Ma mile ena ali ndi 38.
Komabe, mano awo amakhala olobodoka ndipo amatumikira m'malo mopera chakudya chokhwima cholowa mkamwa. Mitundu ina yoyamwa magazi imatha kuvulaza omwe amawazunza, chifukwa ma enzyme omwe amalowa m'magazi a omwe akukhudzidwawo pamodzi ndi malovu a nyama zomwe zikuluma atatha kuyambitsa magazi.
Ndipo ngati chiwembucho chimapangidwa ndi gulu lonse, mwachitsanzo, ma vampires wamba, koma zotsatira zake zowopsa ndizotheka.
Monga tanenera kale, ndi usiku wa zolengedwa zotere yomwe ndi nthawi yosaka, ndipo moyo wawo wogwira ntchito umayamba ndikuwala komaliza kwa dzuwa lotuluka. Nyama zouluka izi sizikuwona nyama zawo, koma zimamva, ndikugwira kuyenda kwawo pang'ono.
Mitundu yosavuta kudya, kuphatikiza pazinthu zazing'ono zamapiko ndi tizilombo tokwawa, imatha kudya nyongolotsi, nsomba zazing'ono, achule. Palinso mitundu yokwanira yomwe imadya zipatso zokha ndikumwa timadzi tokoma.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Momwe zimakhalira kuti kukondana komanso kukwatirana kumeneku kwa zolengedwa izi ndizovuta kuti asayansi adziwe mwatsatanetsatane, amakonda kukhala moyo wobisika kwambiri.
Mileme ina imatha kudya timadzi tokoma ta maluwa.
Koma munthawi zina, phokoso losangalatsa limamveka pafupi ndi malo okhala mileme. Uku ndiko kukondana kwamamuna kwa azimayi awo ndi mayitanidwe awo achikondi.
Mileme yomwe ili mdera lokhala ndi nyengo yabwino komanso nyengo yotentha imakonzekera miyambo yokomerana nthawi iliyonse ndipo imatha kubala ana kawiri pachaka. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yovutirapo, kuswana kwa nyama zamapikozi kumachitika kutatsala pang'ono kugwa.
Ndipo ichi ndi gawo lina la nyamazi. Mlememakamaka, mkazi wamtundu woterewu, sangatenge mimba nthawi yomweyo, koma patapita nthawi atalumikizana ndi mnzake.
Zowonadi, malinga ndi lingaliro lachilengedwe, mazira ake adzakolola pokhapokha kukadzuka masika. Ndipo mpaka mphindi yake, umuna wamwamuna, titero, umakhalabe mthupi mwake mosungidwa.
Kutalika kwa bere ndikosatheka kutchula molondola, chifukwa nthawi yake ndiyosiyana kwambiri. Ndipo zimadalira osati pa mitundu yokha, komanso pazikhalidwe zachilengedwe, makamaka - kutentha.
Koma ikakwana nthawi, ana awiri kapena atatu amabadwa. Amayamba kukhala mchikwama cha mchira. Ndipo sabata limodzi atuluka kale mmenemo, koma akupitilizabe kukhala ndi moyo, akudya mkaka wa amayi.
Chifukwa chake, makanda pang'onopang'ono amapeza mphamvu, ndipo pambuyo pa mwezi amakhala atatha kudya okha.
Kwa funso: kodi kutalika kwa moyo wa zolengedwa izi ndi kovuta kuyankha, chifukwa zimatengera mtundu wa milemeyi. Pafupifupi zaka 5, koma zitha kukhala zaka 20 kapena kupitilira apo.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti akasungidwa kunyumba, nyama zotere sizikhala motalikirapo, monga zimawonedwera m'zinthu zambiri zamoyo, koma m'malo mwake - zochepa. Izi ndichifukwa cholephera kuchita zinthu zomwe mukufuna komanso molingana ndi zochitika zachilengedwe. Ndipo izi ndizovulaza kwambiri zamoyo zawo.
